Njengomama noma ubaba, sonke sikhathalela kakhulu impilo yengane yethu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nomkhuhlane noma izinhlungu ezincane enganeni kungaba umthwalo omkhulu ezinhliziyweni zethu. Namuhla, sikhuluma ngomdlavuza owesabisa abazali, kodwa ngenhlanhla awuvamile, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane. Leyo yi-neuroblastoma. Ngisho noma igama lingase lizwakale lesabisa, kubalulekile ukuliqaphela ngokugcwele.
Iyini ngempela i-neuroblastoma?
Kalula nje, i-Neuroblastoma umdlavuza okhula engxenyeni yesimiso sethu sezinzwa. Sinenethiwekhi yezinzwa ezithwala ulwazi emzimbeni wethu wonke. Cabanga ngayo njengohlelo "lwemiyalezo" lomzimba wethu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'uhlelo lwezinzwa oluzwelayo.' Umdlavuza we-Neuroblastoma uqala emaseli alesi simiso sezinzwa.
Okukhethekile ngalokhu ukuthi iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-90% ziyizingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5. Akuvamile ukubona ingane engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 iba nalesi sifo.
Ngokuvamile, lo mdlavuza uqala ezindlaleni ezimbili ezincane ezikhiqiza ama-hormone ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinso. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izindlala ze-adrenal. Kodwa-ke, lo mdlavuza ungaqala noma kuphi emzimbeni lapho kutholakala khona amangqamuzana ezinzwa.
Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi manje kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu zalesi simo, ngakho-ke izingane zinethuba elihle lokululama nokuphila impilo enempilo.
Iyini imbangela yalesi simo?
Ngokuvamile, noma yimuphi umdlavuza ubangelwa izinguquko ezithile, noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, kwamanye amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu. Ngenxa yalokho, lawo maseli aqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki futhi akhe izimila.
Ku-neuroblastoma, lokhu kwenzeka ohlotsheni lweseli lemizwa elingakavuthwa ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Lawa maseli angakavuthwa abizwa ngokuthi ama-neuroblast. Njengoba umntwana onempilo ekhula esibelethweni, lawa ma-neuroblast akhula kancane kancane abe amaseli emizwa avuthiwe, bese amanye ayafa.
Kodwa emzimbeni wengane ene-Neuroblastoma, ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, la maseli e-neuroblast angakavuthwa awafi, kodwa kunalokho ayaqoqana futhi akhule abe isimila somdlavuza.
Nakhu okumele nikukhumbule njengabazali: Lokhu akubangelwa ukudla kwenu, ukuzivocavoca, ithonya lemvelo, noma yini enye eniyenzile kabi. Lolu ushintsho olwenzeka ezingeni lamaseli emzimbeni wengane yakho.
Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele siziqaphele?
Izimpawu zalesi sifo zingahluka kakhulu. Ziya ngokuthi iqhubu elinomdlavuza likuphi, ubukhulu balo, nokuthi selisakazeke kangakanani. Ezinye zezimpawu zingabonakala nasezifweni ezivamile, njengomkhuhlane ovamile noma ubuhlungu besisu, okwenza ukuxilongwa kube nzima kancane.
"Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zokuqala ziyizinto ezivamile njengokuthi ingane ayidli kahle, izizwa ikhathele, futhi iba nobuhlungu bomzimba obuvamile. Lokhu kungabonakala ngisho noma umkhuhlane nje obangelwa yigciwane," kusho udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
| Indawo yomdlavuza | Izimpawu ezingaba khona |
|---|---|
| Okuhlobene nesisu (isisu) |
|
| Eduze kwesifuba noma entanyeni | |
| Uma umdlavuza usakazekela kwezinye izindawo (i-Metastatic) |
Ezinye izici ezimbili ezikhethekile
- Amabala esikhumba:Kuhlobo olukhethekile oluvela kuphela ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa, amaqhubu amancane afana ne-blueberry angavela esikhumbeni. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke esikhumbeni. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo singelapheka futhi sivame ukuncipha noma siphulukiswe ngokwaso.
- Imiphumela yama-hormone: Amanye ama-tumor e-neuroblastoma akhipha ama-hormone, angabangela izimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo esiqhubekayo, umkhuhlane, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukujuluka ngokweqile, kanye nokuphuma kwesikhumba.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngqo?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, eziningi zalezi zimpawu zifana nezifo ezivamile, ngakho-ke ukuthola lesi simo kungaba nzima. Ngakho udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho inalo yini lo mdlavuza ongavamile.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka ama-hormone athile akhiqizwa yizimila ze-neuroblastoma egazini noma emchameni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni indawo, usayizi, kanye nokusabalala komdlavuza. Ama-scan anjenge-ultrasound, i-X-ray, i-CT, i-PET, noma i-MRI angasetshenziswa kulokhu.
- I-Biopsy: Ngaphansi kokubulala izinzwa, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu esigaxeni noma emnkantsheni bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Iskeni se-MIBG: Lolu uhlobo olukhethekile lweskeni yemithi yenuzi. Lolu vivinyo, olubizwa ngokuthi ``i-MIBG scan'', lungakhomba ngokucacile izindawo zamaseli e-Neuroblastoma.
Kanye nalezi zivivinyo, izinto ezifana nenani lamaseli egazi lengane, ukusebenza kwesibindi, kanye nezinso nazo ziyahlolwa.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kwengane kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Izingane zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu asengozini : asengozini encane, asengozini ephakathi, kanye nasengozini enkulu, kuye ngeminyaka yengane, isigaba somdlavuza, ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani, kanye nohlobo lwamaseli omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa kuhlelwa ngokusekelwe kuleli qembu eliyingozi.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:
- Ukuqaphela: Ungamangali, amanye amaqhubu amancane angenangozi azoncipha noma anyamalale ngokwawo ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela bazoqapha ingane ngokucophelela.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukususwa okuphelele kwesigaxa ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukunikeza imithi enamandla ngemithambo noma njengamaphilisi okubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ukuthi angahlukani.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukufakelwa kweseli lesiqu:Ukwelashwa okusetshenziswa ezinganeni ezisengozini enkulu. Kulokhu, kuqoqwa amaseli okuqala engane aphilile, kusetshenziswe i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu ukubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza, bese amaseli aphilile ebuyiselwa emzimbeni.
- Ukwelashwa Kwanamuhla: Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezintsha neziphumelelayo kakhulu ezitholakalayo namuhla.
- Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Ukunikeza imithi eqondisa futhi ivimbele amaprotheni noma ama-enzyme athile asiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba akhule.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba engane ukuze aqaphele futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Angakanani amathuba okululama kulesi sifo?
Lona ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu kubazali. Izinga lokusinda kwe-neuroblastoma lincike eminyakeni yengane kanye nesigaba sengozi.
Izingane ezisemaqenjini asengozini ephansi nephakathi, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane, zinethuba eliphezulu kakhulu lokululama elingu- 90% - 95% . Ezinganeni ezisemaqenjini asengozini enkulu, lesi sibalo singaba ngu- 60% . Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, la maphesenti ayanda usuku nosuku.
Ngakho-ke, uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezisolisayo, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha bese ucela iseluleko.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Neuroblastoma uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile oluvame ukuhlasela izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5.
- Lokhu kubangelwa ushintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olwenzeka kumaseli ezinzwa angakavuthwa (ama-neuroblast) ngesikhathi ingane isesibelethweni. Lokhu akubangelwa yiphutha labazali.
- Qaphela izimpawu ezifana neqhubu esiswini, ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, ukushayeka kwamehlo, kanye nobuhlungu bamathambo.
- Lokhu kungahlolwa ngokunembile ngokusebenzisa ama-scan kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy.
- Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha zesimanje eziphumelela kakhulu zalokhu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
- Izinga lokululama liphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisemaqenjini asengozini ephansi nephakathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa okufanele ngaphandle kokwesaba.
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