So wo ba nso reyɛ ANA nhwehwɛmu? (ANA Test) Mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

Bere a oduruyɛfo no ka kyerɛɛ wo sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wo ba ketewa no yɛ `(ANA Test)` no, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wotee ehu nka kakra, ɛnte saa? "Dɛn ne sɔhwɛ yi? Dɛn nti na wɔreyɛ eyi? So biribi asɛe wɔ me ba no ho?" Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ nsɛmmisa te sɛ eyinom bɛba w’adwenem. Ɛno nti na yɛsusuu sɛ yɛbɛka saa `(ANA Sɔhwɛ)` yi ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so a wobɛtumi ate aseɛ.

Dɛn ne ANA sɔhwɛ yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `(ANA Test)` yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛhwɛ sɛ biribi a wɔfrɛ no `Antinuclear Antibodies` wɔ wo ba mogya mu anaa. Okay, afei ebia woresusuw nea ɛyɛ saa antinuclear antibodies yi ho.

Momma yenni kan nka nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa ho asɛm . Fa no sɛ asraafo nkumaa kuw bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Eyinom na wɔko tia mmoawa, te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu na wɔbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Yɛfrɛ saa asraafo yi antibodies. Eyinom yɛ protein bi a yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa no yɛ.

Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a yɛn nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no nkɔ yiye. Sɛ́ anka saa nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa yi bɛtow ahyɛ ahɔho ntuafo so no, wofi ase tow hyɛ yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw so. Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, wɔfrɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a wodi mfomso tow hyɛ yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa so no autoantibodies .

Afei, saa Antinuclear Antibodies yi yɛ autoantibodies ahorow a ɛte saa no mu biako. Eyinom de wɔn ani si nuklea a ɛwɔ yɛn nkwammoaa mu no so pɔtee. Wunim, nuklea no te sɛ nkwammoaa bi a ɛhwɛ so. Akwankyerɛ a wɔde ma nkwammoaa bi, DNA no nyinaa wɔ mu. Enti, sɛ saa Antinuclear Antibodies yi dɔɔso wɔ mogya no mu a, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no betumi afi ase atow ahyɛ yɛn ankasa nipadua so. Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no Autoimmune Disease .

Nanso biribi a ɛho hia yiye a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ni. ``(ANA Test)`` a ɛyɛ ``(Positive)``, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ANA wɔ mogya no mu no, nkyerɛ bere nyinaa sɛ autoimmune yare bi wɔ hɔ. Nnipa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden bɛyɛ 30% betumi anya ANA dodow bi wɔ wɔn mogya mu. Afei nso, ANA dodow betumi akɔ soro bere a ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ anaa bere a wɔde nnuru bi redi dwuma no.

Dɛn na ANA sɔhwɛ no boa ma wohu?

Ɛnyɛ sɛ nnuruyɛfo de `(ANA Test)` di dwuma de si so dua sɛ ebia yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ enni hɔ nko. Nanso nea efi sɔhwɛ yi mu ba no betumi aboa ma wɔahu yare ko a abofra betumi anya. Nyarewa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ebetumi ama wɔayɛ `(ANA Test)`. Momma yɛnhwɛ emu bi mu tiawa:

• Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu: .Nnipa pii nim eyi sɛ "Lupus." Eyi yɛ yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nipadua no a ɛde ɔfe ba nipadua no afã horow te sɛ nkwaa, honam ani, asaabo, ne koma. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no bi ne atiridiinini, ɔbrɛ, nkwaa mu yaw, ne honam ani akuru kɔkɔɔ a ɛkɔ soro (titiriw anim akuru a ɛte sɛ ntontom).
• Scleroderma: Eyi yɛ yare a ɛntaa nsi. Wɔ saa tebea yi mu no, abofra no honam ani ne ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no de nkakrankakra yɛ den na ɛyɛ den. Ɛnyɛ honam ani nko na eyi betumi aka, na mmom emu akwaa te sɛ aduan mu ntini, ahurututu, asaabo, ne koma nso.
• Polymyositis: Eyi yɛ yare a ɛka ntini ahorow. Ɛma ntini ahorow no ho yɛ hyew na ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Ɛtaa ka ntini a ɛbɛn dua no.
• Dermatomyositis: Saa tebea yi wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne koro no ara a ɛte sɛ polymyositis, nanso ɛde honam ani haw nso ba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wubetumi anya honam ani akisikuru, ahonhon, anaa nsensanee kɔkɔɔ.
• Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD): Wɔ eyi mu no, nyarewa abiɛsa no nyinaa ho sɛnkyerɛnne, lupus, scleroderma, ne polymyositis, betumi abom anaasɛ mmiako mmiako ada adi wɔ bere bi mu.
• Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Eyi yɛ ntini mu yare bi a ɛba mmofra nkumaa mu. Ɛnyɛ abofra no nkwaa te sɛ ne nsa, ne nsateaa, ne ne nkotodwe nko na ebetumi aka no, na mmom ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aka aniwa, n’ahurututu, ne koma nso.
• Sjögren Yare: Wɔ tebea yi mu no, ntini a ɛma nsu fi aniwa ne ano no sɛe. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ abofra no ani ne n’ano yɛ nwunu. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ saa ntini ahorow yi so.

Afei wobɛtumi ahunu sɛdeɛ `(ANA Sɔhwɛ)` no ho hia. Nanso, sɛ oduruyɛfo bi sa yare bi te sɛ lupus a, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo de hwɛ sɛnea aduru no reyɛ adwuma yiye. Wɔnnyɛ `(ANA Test)` no daa mfa nhwɛ sɛnea yare no te.

Dɛn nti na yɛn ba no behia ANA nhwehwɛmu?

Afei ebia worebisa wo ho sɛ, sɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛbɛma oduruyɛfo akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ saa `(ANA Test)` yi? Sɛ wo ba no reda yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ ɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Ɛwom sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ayɛ soronko de, nanso ebi wɔ hɔ a ɛtaa ba:

• Atiridiinini a ɛtaa ba.
• Nwansena a ɛte sɛ ntontom a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ anim.
• Ɔbrɛ kɛse a wɔte nka, te nka sɛ nkwa nnim (Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so).
• Nkwaa a ɛyɛ den na ɛho ahonhon.
• Ntini mu yaw.

Sɛ abofra no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ ``ANA Sɔhwɛ'' de ahwehwɛ mu akɔ akyiri.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ ANA sɔhwɛ no?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea wɔyɛ saa `(ANA Test)` yi. Eyi te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa ara pɛ ankasa. Wɔfa abofra no mogya bi na wɔsusuw antinuclear antibodies `(ANA)` dodow a ɛwɔ mu.

Ɔkwan titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a wɔtaa de yɛ eyi, a wɔfrɛ no Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔsan frɛ saa kwan yi sɛ Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody (FANA) sɔhwɛ.

Eyi ne nea ɛkɔ so wɔ IFA kwan no so: Ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi fa abofra no mogya mu nsu (mogya no fã a ɛyɛ nsu) na ɔde gu ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a wobetumi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ahwɛ so. Afei, wɔde antibody soronko bi a ɛhyerɛn, anaasɛ ɛyɛ fluorescent ka ho. Saa fluorescent antibodies yi, sɛ ANA wɔ nhwɛsode no mu a, ɛbɛbata saa nkwammoaa no ho. Afei, sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete titiriw bi hwɛ slide no a, nkwammoaa a wɔwɔ ANA no bɛhyerɛn.

So ɛsɛ sɛ wusiesie wo ba no ansa na wayɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Ahosiesie titiriw biara nni hɔ a ɛho hia ma saa `(ANA Sɔhwɛ)` yi. Abofra no tumi didi na ɔnom sɛnea ɛsɛ da a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Nanso, ɛho hia yiye sɛ sɛ wo ba no de nnuru biara redi dwuma a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woka ho asɛm kyerɛ oduruyɛfo no . Efisɛ nnuru bi betumi ama `(ANA Test)` aba no ayɛ `(Positive). Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no wɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa eyi ho a, bisa oduruyɛfo no.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Wɔyɛ eyi wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so sɛnea wɔtwe mogya daa no. Oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo no behu ntini pa bi wɔ abofra no abasa mu. Afei, ebia wɔde elastic band ketewaa bi bɛbɔ abasa no ho, anaasɛ wɔbɛka akyerɛ abofra no sɛ ɔmmɛpia wɔn nsa. Afei, wɔhohoro baabi a wɔbɛtwe mogya no na wɔde ade ketewaa bi hyɛ ntini no mu.

Ebia abofra no bɛte nka sɛ ne ho ayɛ no yaw kakra bere a wɔde ade no hyɛ mu na wɔayi afi mu no. Sɛ wɔboaboa mogya no ano wɔ afiri a wɔde sɔ hwɛ anaa ahina mu wie a, woyi aduru a wɔde kyekyere mogya no na woyi afiri no. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho yɛ wo yaw kakra wɔ baabi a wɔboaboa mogya no ano no.

Mma ɛnhaw wo, adeyɛ yi nyinaa gye nea ennu simma anum.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Sɛ wɔtwe mogya no wie a, oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo no de kotoku anaa gauze bi bɛto baabi a wɔtwe mogya no so na ɔde nhyɛso ahyɛ no so. Eyi betumi aboa ma mogya, ahonhon, ne akuru so atew. Afei wɔde aduru a ɛho tew na ɛyɛ nwunu bɛhyɛ beae no. Afei wɔde mogya no bɛkɔ aduruyɛdan mu.

So asiane ahorow bi wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?

Asiane kɛse biara nni mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mu. Ebia wo ba no benya ɔhaw bi anaasɛ wapirapira baabi a wɔtwee mogya no. Nanso, ɛyaw anaa akuru no befi hɔ ntɛmntɛm .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛbɛte ANA sɔhwɛ amanneɛbɔ no ase?

Mpɛn pii no egye nna kakraa bi ansa na ANA sɔhwɛ amanneɛbɔ no aba. Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ oduruyɛfo no nso ayɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo a, ɔbɛka ne nyinaa mu aba abom na wakyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo.

ANA Sɔhwɛ amanneɛbɔ bi ka nneɛma abiɛsa ho asɛm titiriw: Nkyerɛase, Titer bo, ne Fluorescent Pattern.

Nsɛntitiriw a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu

Nkyerɛaseɛ - So ɛyɛ adwemmɔne anaasɛ ɛyɛ papa?

• Nea enye: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔanhu ANA wɔ abofra no mogya mu. Sɛ saa a, ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi sɛ abofra no wɔ yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa.
• Adepa: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wohuu ANA wɔ abofra no mogya mu. Sɛ saa a, ebetumi aba sɛ yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii de si so dua.

Dɛn ne titer bo a ɛsom?

Saa ``Titer`` botae yi kyerɛ wo sɛnea antibodies dodow a ɛwɔ abofra no mogya mu. Wohu eyi sɛnea edidi so yi: Ɔyare ho ɔyaresafo no ma abofra no mogya fã (plasma) a ɛyɛ nsu a protein pii wom no yɛ mmerɛw denam nkyene nsu (nkyene nsu) kakra a ɔde ka ho no so. Sɛnea yɛde nsu hyɛ cordial mu bere a yɛreyɛ anonne no.

Nea edi kan no, wɔde plasma afã 40 ne nkyene fã 1 fra (1:40). Afei wɔsan de saa afrafrade yi gu mu bio (e.g. 1:80, 1:160, 1:320). Wɔsɔ nhwɛsode biara a wɔde nsu afra mu hwɛ sɛ ebia ɛwɔ ANA anaa. Wɔakyerɛw dilution a etwa to a ɛkyerɛ ANA ``Positive`` sɛ ``Titer`` botae wɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ɛyɛ 1:160 a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ ANA dodow boro 1:80. Mpɛn pii no, wommu bo a ɛyɛ 1:40 anaa nea ennu saa sɛ ɛho hia.

Dɛn na fluorescent nhyehyɛe no kyerɛ?

Sɛ ANA wɔ hɔ a, sɛ wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ a, nkwammoaa no da nsusuwii bi adi, na ɛte sɛ nsensanee. Saa nhyehyɛe yi betumi ama woanya yare a ebia wowɔ a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no ho adwene bi . Nhwɛso ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ:

• Homogeneous: Nucleus no nyinaa hyerɛn pɛpɛɛpɛ. Eyi ne nhwɛso a wɔtaa yɛ. Ebetumi aba wɔ yare biara a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa mu, nanso ɛtaa ba titiriw wɔ lupus anaa Sjögren Syndrome mu.
• Speckled: Wɔ eyi mu no, nucleus no da adi sɛ nsensanee nketenkete anaa granules a ɛhyerɛn wɔ ne nyinaa mu. Eyi nso betumi akyerɛ nyarewa ahorow, a lupus ne Srogens syndrome ka ho.
• Centromere: Ɛha na wohu ANA staining wɔ chromosomes no ho. Saa nhyehyɛe yi taa ne yare a wɔfrɛ no Scleroderma no wɔ abusuabɔ.
• Nuklea mu nneɛma: .Wɔ eyi mu no, wohu ANA staining wɔ nucleolus (baabi a wɔyɛ ribosomes wɔ nkwammoaa no mu) a ɛwɔ nucleus no mu no ho. Eyi betumi abata tebea horow te sɛ scleroderma, Srogens syndrome, ne mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) ho. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ nea efi mu ba a ɛyɛ atoro.
• Peripheral: Wɔ eyi mu no, wohu ANA staining wɔ nucleus no anoano. Mpɛn pii no, eyi ne lupus wɔ abusuabɔ.

Sɛ ANA amanneɛbɔ no yɛ papa a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ?

``Positive'' ANA nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ kyerɛ sɛ abofra no wɔ antinuclear antibodies wɔ wɔn mogya mu. Eyi betumi akyerɛ sɛ abofra no wɔ yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa te sɛ lupus.

Nanso, sɛnea madi kan aka no, nsuro sɛ wo ba no wɔ autoimmune yare esiane sɛ ANA amanneɛbɔ no yɛ ``Positive'' nti. Nnipa pii a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden betumi anya ANA wɔ wɔn mogya mu. Afei nso, nnuru bi ne mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba betumi asesa nea efi ``ANA Sɔhwɛ'' no mu ba.

Sɛ wo ba no `(ANA Test)` yɛ `(Positive)` a, mpɛn pii no oduruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii bio ansa na wakyerɛ sɛ yare bi wɔ hɔ. Nea efii `(ANA Sɔhwɛ)` mu bae nkutoo ntumi nkyerɛ sɛ ebia yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na oduruyɛfo no ahu sɛ yare bi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ enni hɔ no, obesusuw nneɛma a edidi so yi nyinaa ho:

• Nea efii `(ANA Sɔhwɛ)` (titer bo, nhwɛso) mu bae.
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne a abofra no da no adi.
• Nneɛma a wuhu bere a woreyɛ wo ba nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu no.
• Nea efii lab sɔhwɛ afoforo mu bae.

Nsɛmmisa a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wobisa oduruyɛfo no

Sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wo ba no yɛ ANA nhwehwɛmu a, nsɛm bi a ɛho hia wɔ hɔ a wubetumi abisa oduruyɛfo no:

• So ɛsɛ sɛ abofra no siesie ne ho titiriw ma saa `(ANA Sɔhwɛ)` yi?
• So wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo ka `(ANA Sɔhwɛ)` ho?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na nea efi abofra `(ANA Sɔhwɛ)` mu ba betumi aboa ma yɛate nea ɛde wɔn sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba no ase?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ abofra no yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde di akyi a egyina nea efi sɔhwɛ yi mu ba so?

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wo ne wo ba no bɛte ehu ne dadwen kakra nka bere a wuhu sɛ wo ba hia ANA nhwehwɛmu no. Nanso kae sɛ eyi yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den a egye nea ennu simma anum ara kwa.

Nea efi `(ANA Test)` mu ba no yɛ ade biako pɛ a oduruyɛfo no susuw ho bere a ɔresi gyinae wɔ yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nipadua no ho no. Nea ɛka eyi ho no, wosusuw nneɛma afoforo pii ho, te sɛ abofra no yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, abusua no aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm, ne nea efi nhwehwɛmu afoforo mu ba. Nanso, nea efii `(ANA Sɔhwɛ)` no mu ba no betumi ama wɔanya nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛsom bo a ɛbɛma wɔahu sɛ ebia abofra no wɔ yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa anaasɛ onni bi. Enti, nsuro na fa adwene a ɛyɛ komm gyina sɔhwɛ yi ano. Bisa oduruyɛfo no nsɛm biara a ebia wowɔ.

` Mmofra akwahosan, ANA nhwehwɛmu, nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, nhwehwɛmu, nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa, lupus