So mogya a ɛkɔ wo nan mu no ye? (Ankle-Brachial Index - ABI) Momma yɛnhwehwɛ mu denam sɔhwɛ no so!

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wote nka sɛ wo nan yɛ wo yaw bere a wonam no? Anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo nan reyɛ ayɛ mmerɛw bere a woanantew kwan tiaa bi akyi? Ade biako nti a ɛte saa betumi ayɛ ntini a ɛma mogya kɔ wo nan mu no a asiw. Sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ den a ɛnyɛ yaw a wode behu sɛ wowɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa ne Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) sɔhwɛ. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ.

Dɛn ne Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) no?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa ABI yi yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den a ɛkyerɛ mogya mmoroso wɔ wo nansoaa ne wo nsa atifi. Ɛhwɛ titiriw sɛ ebia mogya ntini akɛse a ɛwɔ wo nan mu, ntini ahorow no mu no asiw anaasɛ mogya no so atew esiane srade a ɛwɔ mu (te sɛ efĩ a asiw nsu paipu mu) nti. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ saa tebea yi ``Peripheral Artery Disease`` anaa PAD. Wɔ Sinhala kasa mu no, ɛkyerɛ ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no mu yare.

Saa PAD tebea yi betumi ama nan no nnya mframa pa ne aduannuru a ɛdɔɔso. Ɛno na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a madi kan aka ho asɛm te sɛ nan a ɛyɛ yaw ne nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw bere a wonam no da adi. Enti ABI sɔhwɛ no betumi ahu sɛ ebia wowɔ PAD anaa, na sɛ ɛte saa a, sɛnea emu yɛ den fa.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ saa ABI sɔhwɛ yi?

Ɛnyɛ obiara na ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi, nanso oduruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ sɛ sɛ wowɔ nea edidi so yi mu biara a, ɔnyɛ ABI nhwehwɛmu:

• Nan mu yaw: Sɛ wote ɛyaw, wo ho yɛ wo den, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho yɛ mmerɛw wɔ wo nan (asen, anantwi mma) mu, titiriw bere a wonam anaa woreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, na ɛbrɛ ase bere a woatra ase kakra agye w’ahome akyi.
• Sɛ woadi mfe 65 anaa nea ɛboro saa a: Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya PAD no kɔ soro bere a worenyin no.
• Sɛ woadi fi mfe 50 kosi 64 na wowɔ asiane afoforo a:
• Sɛ wowɔ `(Asikreyare)` a.
• Sɛ wowɔ ``(Mogya mmoroso)`` a.
• Sɛ srade dɔɔso wɔ wo mogya mu a.
• Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom tawa (te sɛ sigaret, beedis).
• Sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu (ɛna, agya, anuanom) anya PAD pɛn a.
• Sɛ wunnii mfe 50 mpo a, wowɔ asikreyare ne ade foforo biako a ɛde asiane ba (efi wɔn a yɛaka wɔn ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no mu).

Fa no sɛ, saa ABI sɔhwɛ yi betumi ahu PAD ansa na asɛe. Afei, wobetumi ahyɛ ayaresa ase ntɛmntɛm na ɛbɛyɛ mmoa kɛse wɔ tebea horow te sɛ ``Critical limb ischemia`` ne ``Amputation``, a ebetumi asɛe nan no kɛse, ɛtɔ mmere bi a akodu baabi a wobetwa no ano.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ ABI sɔhwɛ yi?

Eyi yɛ mmerɛw yiye. Ɛte sɛ nea wɔahwɛ wo mogya mmoroso bere a wotaa kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no. Nanso saa bere yi de , wosusuw mogya a ɛwɔ wo nsa, wo nansoaa, ne wo nan anan no nyinaa mu.

Mpɛn pii no, ɔyarehwɛfo na ɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi.

1. Nea edi kan no, wɔde mogya mmoroso a wɔde hyɛ wo nsa atifi biako so, na wɔkyekyere no kakra, na wosusuw mogya mmoroso bere a worebɔ mframa na worebɔ no.

2. Afei susuw abasa foforo no wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so.

3. Afei, wɔde cuff no twa wo nan biako nansoaa ho hyia na wɔsusuw mogya mmoroso wɔ hɔ nso.

4. Sua nan foforo no wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so.

Sɛ woresusuw wo mogya mmoroso a, w’akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo de afiri ketewaa bi a wɔde yɛ ultrasound (a wɔsan frɛ no nsa Doppler) di dwuma. Eyi tie mogya a ɛsen fa wo brachial artery, dorsalis pedis artery, anaa posterior tibial artery mu no nnyigyei. Pressure gauge no kenkan nnyigyei no bere a wɔte no.

Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ yei yɛ `noninvasive` sɔhwɛ. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ nnade anaa ntwitwiridii biara nni honam ani. Enti biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro. Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie me ho ansa na wɔayɛ ABI sɔhwɛ no?

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a sɔhwɛ no bɛyɛ mmerɛw ama wo na woanya nea efi mu ba no pɛpɛɛpɛ no, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nneɛma kakraa bi:

• Mma nnom biribiara a caffeine wom (kɔfe, tii, anonne a ɛyɛ dɛ bi) da a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no.
• Kwati tawa (sigaret, beedis) a wode bedi dwuma ne nsa a wobɛnom dɔnhwerew biako kosi abien ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ no.
• Mma nnyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ biara dɔnhwerew biako ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ no. Afei nso, to wo nantew ano hye.
• Hyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ fɛ na ɛnyɛ den a ɛbɛma woatumi ada wo nsa ne wo nansoaa atifi adi ntɛm.
• Ansa na wobɛkɔ akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no, tow wo ho yiye na yi wo dwonku mu. Eyi bɛboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu.

Ade foforo a ɛho hia: Sɛ woadi kan ayɛ wo oprehyɛn biara de ama mogya a ɛkɔ wo nan mu atu mpɔn (te sɛ ntini a wɔde twa mu) a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woka ho asɛm kyerɛ onipa a ɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no, efisɛ ebetumi aka ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ nhwehwɛmu no.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ kwan wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu?

Sɛ wokɔ sɔhwɛ dan mu a, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ da fam na gye w’ahome simma 10 kosi 30 ansa na sɔhwɛ no afi ase. Eyi yɛ nea ɛbɛboa wo nipadua no ma ayɛ komm na wo mogya mmoroso ayɛ den. Ɛho behia sɛ woda fam a wo nsa ne wo nan teɛ wɔ sɔhwɛ no nyinaa mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔde pillow nketewa bɛhyɛ wo nsa ne wo nansoaa ase, na ama akɔ soro akodu wo koma mu. Eyi bɛma wɔatumi akenkan mogya mmoroso pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Afei, sɛnea madi kan aka no, aduruyɛ adwumayɛfo no:

1. Wɔde abasa biako bɛsusuw wo mogya mmoroso.

2. Afei, wɔsusuw mogya mmoroso wɔ nan no nansoaa a ɛwɔ ɔfã koro no ara a saa abasa no wɔ no mu.

3. Afei, wɔsusuw mogya mmoroso wɔ nan foforo no nansoaa mu.

4. Nea etwa to no, wɔsusuw mogya mmoroso wɔ abasa foforo no mu.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wopɛ sɛ wonya akenkan a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wubetumi asusuw saa susudua yi bɛboro pɛnkoro. W’akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo bɛka eyi ho asɛm akyerɛ wo. Mpɛn pii no, ɔkwan a wɔfa so susuw mogya mmoroso no nyinaa gye bere tiaa bi pɛ, bɛyɛ simma 10 kosi 20. Ɛno ara ne no, sɔhwɛ no aba awiei!

So asiane ahorow bi wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?

ABI sɔhwɛ no yɛ sɔhwɛ a ahobammɔ wom yiye. Mpɛn pii no, asiane anaa nsunsuanso bɔne biara nni hɔ.

Nanso, sɛ wowɔ saa tebea horow yi bi a, hwɛ hu sɛ wubedi kan aka akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛ:

• Sɛ wowɔ akuru anaa akuru a ennyaa wo nan ho a: Ɛnyɛ papa sɛ wode nsateaa bɛbɔ baabi a ɛte saa, enti nnuruyɛfo no bɛkwati saa beae no anaasɛ wɔbɛfa ɔkwan foforo so.
• Sɛ wɔayɛ wo nan ho oprehyɛn a wɔde twa ntini no ho oprehyɛn nnansa yi a: Sɛ wode nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn hyehyɛ baabi a ɛte saa a, ebetumi ayɛ asiane na ebetumi ama mogya atɔ.

Sɛ wɔka saa nsɛm yi a, nnuruyɛfo kuw no tu anammɔn a ɛho hia.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Wubetumi asan afi wo dwumadi ahorow a wotaa yɛ no ase bere a wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no ara pɛ. Ahomegye biara ho nhia. Ɛtɔ da bi a, nnuruyɛfo a wɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no betumi ama wo nsɛm bi wɔ nea efii mu bae no ho. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, ɛho behia sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo a ɔhyɛɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu no hyia susuw nea ebefi mu aba no ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobu ABI bo yi ho akontaa?

Okay, afei ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea yɛbɛbu saa ABI boɔ yi. Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ akontaabu kakra, nanso nokwarem no, ɛyɛ mmerɛw koraa.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wɔkyekyɛ wo nansoaa mu mogya mmoroso akenkan abien no mu nea ɛkorɔn sen biara (systolic - wo mogya mmoroso akenkan dodow a ɛwɔ soro) no mu denam wo nsa abien mogya mmoroso akenkan a ɛkorɔn sen biara no so. Ɛno ne nea ABI no yɛ.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, susuw ho hwɛ:

• Wo mogya mmoroso wɔ wo nan benkum mu yɛ 105/65 mmHg, na wɔ wo nan nifa mu no ɛyɛ 100/60 mmHg.
• Mogya a ɛwɔ wo nsa benkum mu no yɛ 130/85 mmHg, na wo nsa nifa mu no yɛ 125/80 mmHg.

Afei sɛ yɛbɛhunu ABI boɔ no a, yɛfa akontabuo a ɛkorɔn paa (`(systolic)`) a wɔgye firi beaeɛ biara.

• ``(systolic)`` bo a ɛkorɔn sen biara fi ankle: 105 mmHg
• `(systolic)` bo a ɛkorɔn sen biara a efi nsa no mu: 130 mmHg

Afei ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkyekyɛ ankle bo (105) mu denam nsa bo (130) so.

105 ÷ 130 = 0.807 (bɛyɛ 0.8) .

Enti, wɔ saa nhwɛsoɔ yi mu no, ABI botaeɛ no yɛ 0.8.

Dɛn na nea afi mu aba yi ka?

ABI bo a wunya no ma wunya mogya ntini a ɛwɔ wo nan mu no tebea ho adwene.

• 1.0 kosi 1.3: Eyi yɛ botae a ɛfata . Ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo nan wɔ mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu yiye.
• 0.9 kosi 1.0: Eyi yɛ ɔhye so botae. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ PAD reyɛ anya nkɔso. Ebia wɔbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nsakrae wɔ asetra mu.
• 0.7 kosi 0.9: Eyi yɛ PAD tebea a emu nyɛ den .
• 0.4 kosi 0.7: Eyi yɛ PAD tebea a ɛkɔ fam .
• Sɛ ennu 0.4 a: Eyi yɛ PAD a emu yɛ den . Saa bere yi de, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow pii bɛba.

Sɛ ABI botae no yɛ 0.9 anaa nea ennu saa a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ PAD.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, ABI bo a ɛsom noEbetumi akɔ soro asen 1.4. Sɛ ɛte saa a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo mogya ntini (arteries) ayɛ den kakra, ``calcified`` (te sɛ abo). Eyi betumi asi bere a worenyin, wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ ``asikreyare`` (asikreyare), anaa nnipa a wɔwɔ asaabo mu yare mu. Sɛ ntini no yɛ den te sɛ eyi a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu no yiye sɛ ebia wowɔ PAD wɔ ABI sɔhwɛ no mu. Sɛ ɛte saa a, wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforɔ (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, ``Toe-Brachial Index - TBI)`` nhwehwɛmu - a ɛkyerɛ mogya mmorosoɔ wɔ nansoaa kɛseɛ no mu).

Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ nnipa a wɔn ABI boro 1.4 no wɔ asiane kɛse sɛ koma ne ntini mu yare bewuwu. Enti, sɛ́ ebia bo no sua anaasɛ ɛkorɔn no, sɛ ɛboro nea ɛfata so a, ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa fa ho.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mefrɛ me duruyɛfo ?

Sɛ woannya wo ABI nhwehwɛmu no akyi bere tiaa bi a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛbɔ wo duruyɛfo amanneɛ.

Ɛdenam wo ABI aba so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo, ayaresa, anaa asetra mu nsakrae (te sɛ aduan, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, ne sigaretnom a wubegyae).

Sɛ wo ABI no boro nea ɛfata so a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ ABI nhwehwɛmu mpɛn pii bere ne bere mu de ahwɛ sɛ wo PAD no reyɛ kɛse anaasɛ ɛreyɛ yiye bere a wɔsa wo yare no.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Enti seesei wunim sɛ saa ABI sɔhwɛ yi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, ɛnyɛ yaw, na ɛho hia yiye. Ebetumi akyerɛ wo sɛnea mogya ntini a ɛwɔ wo nan mu no te ntɛm, titiriw sɛ ebia wowɔ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no PAD anaa.

Biribiara nni hɔ a enti ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro. Nnade biara nni hɔ, ntwitwiridii biara nni hɔ, nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no nni hɔ. Sɛ wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ yɛ. Ɛbɛboa w’akwahosan kɛse. Sɛ wohu yare bi a, wobetumi afi ayaresa a ɛho hia no ase ntɛm.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa eyi ho a, nfɛre na bisa wo duruyɛfo. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` ABI, Ankle-Brachial Index, PAD, Ntini a Ɛwɔ Akyirikyiri Yare, Nan mu Ɛyaw, Mogya Nhyɛso, Ntini mu Nhwehwɛmu