So wunim kokoram a ɛwɔ anom? Momma yensua biribiara fa Oral Cancer Screening ho!

So woasusuw anom kokoram ho pɛn? Ebia ehu kaa wo kakra bere a wotee eyi no. Nanso, ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛn nyinaa hu eyi. Efisɛ anom kokoram yɛ biribi a sɛ wohu ntɛm a, wobetumi asa. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea saa anom kokoram nhwehwɛmu yi, anaa `(Oral Cancer Screening)` yɛ, nea ɛyɛ, ne nea enti a ɛho hia ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne Anom Kokoram Ho Nhwehwɛmu?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a ɛhwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ w’anom anaa. Sɛ yɛka anom kokoram a, nea ɛka ho ne nneɛma te sɛ ano kokoram, anom kokoram, ne tɛkrɛma mu kokoram. Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo anaa nsensan ho oduruyɛfo bɛhwɛ mmeae a edidi so yi wɔ w’ano mu yiye:

• Wo hwene mu.
• Ano atifi ne fam
• Ntini a ɛwɔ anom
• Anofafa
• Kɛtrɛma
• Tonsils a ɛwɔ menewa mu

Wɔhwɛ mmeae yi nyinaa sɛ ebia kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan wɔ hɔ anaa.

Dɛn nti na anom kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ho hia saa?

Fa no sɛ, saa anom kokoram yi yɛ kokoram a abu so a ɛka nnipa wɔ wiase nyinaa, na ɛka wɔn ti ne wɔn kɔn. Sɛ wohwɛ akontaabu no a, wɔka sɛ wɔ ɔman te sɛ Amerika nkutoo mu no, nnipa bɛyɛ 54,000 nya saa anom kokoram anaa menewa mu kokoram (`Oropharyngeal Cancer`) yi afe biara.

Afei hwɛ, sɛ wunya anom kokoram a, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nkwa wɔ mfe anum akyi no yɛ 57% pɛ. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nnipa a wonya bi nyinaa mu bɛboro fã kakra bɛtra ase mfe anum. Susuw ho hwɛ, so ɛno nyɛ hu kakra? Nanso nea enti titiriw a ɛte saa ne sɛ, mpɛn pii no, wohu yare yi akyiri dodo, kyerɛ sɛ, bere a kokoram no atrɛw akɔ akyirikyiri akyi. Nanso sɛ wɔkyere no ntɛm, ntɛm a, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛsa no yare na ne ho atɔ no no yɛ kɛse koraa. Ɛno nti na saa anom kokoram nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ho hia kɛse no. Eyi ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so ahu yare no ntɛm na wɔafi ase sa yare.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ saa anom kokoram nhwehwɛmu yi?

Nnuruyɛfo de nhwehwɛmu yi di dwuma de hu kokoram ansa na yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ada adi. Ɔkwan foforo so no, wɔyɛ no de hwɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram ansa na woate nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo anaa wote ɛyaw biara. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ dodow a wohu kokoram ntɛm no, dodow no ara na ɛda adi sɛ wɔbɛsa no yiye.

So ntini ho oduruyɛfo betumi ahwɛ sɛ wowɔ anom kokoram anaa?

Yiw, ɛwom sɛ akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo pii betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi de, nanso mpɛn pii no, ntini ho nnuruyɛfo na wɔyɛ no sɛ wɔn nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ daa no fã. Nanso biribi a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ni. Saa anom kokoram nhwehwɛmu yi ntumi nka ntɛm ara sɛ, "Yiw, wowɔ kokoram." Ɛyɛ eyi denam nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ a ɛhwehwɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia wowɔ kokoram no so.Ɛyɛ asɛm a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ wowɔ bi anaa. Sɛ wo duruyɛfo anaa wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo susuw sɛ biribi a ɛte saa a, wɔde wo bɛkɔ oncologist, kokoram ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn ma wayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo, ahu nea yare no yɛ ankasa, na wɔafi ayaresa a ɛho hia ase.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi ahu anom kokoram ntɛm?

Anom kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa ma wɔahu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan. Nanso, ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobɛfa so ahu sɛ wowɔ anom kokoram ankasa ne sɛ wubeyi nkwammoaa bi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ afi w’anom na woama wɔayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi biopsy. Enti, sɛ wo duruyɛfo no adwenem yɛ no naa bi a, ɔde wo bɛkɔ oduruyɛfo foforo nkyɛn akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie me ho ma sɔhwɛ yi?

Asɛmpa! Ɛho nhia sɛ wusiesie wo ho ma eyi. Wɔtaa yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi bere a wokɔ sẽ ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaasɛ worekɔyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu daa no. Enti ɛho nhia sɛ wohaw wo ho.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ kwan wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo de akwan horow a wɔaka abom ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi. Ebia eyinom bi ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔde aniwa hu, nea wɔde wɔn nsa ka, ne nnuru soronko a wɔde yɛ nneɛma ne akanea a wɔde bedi dwuma. Sɛ mmeae bi wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ a, wobetumi atwa ne mfonini ahwɛ akyiri yi. Mpɛn pii no sɔhwɛ no nyinaa gye nea ennu simma anum .

Sɔhwɛ a Wɔde Ani Hu

Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ w’ano ne wo menewa mu yiye ahwɛ sɛ ebia ntini mu akuru biara a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wɔ hɔ anaa. Saa nneɛma a ɛnteɛ yi betumi ayɛ tebea horow a wɔfrɛ no ``Leukoplakia`` (anom a ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ den a wontumi nyi mfi hɔ) ne ``Erythroplakia`` (nsuo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so). Nnuruyɛfo de wɔn adwene si eyinom so titiriw efisɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne ntɛm.

Nneɛma a wɔde nsa ka

Afei, oduruyɛfo no de ne nsateaa bɛte w’anim, wo kɔn, ne w’afono nka wɔ n’afã abien no nyinaa de ahwɛ sɛ akuru, wohon, anaa nsakrae biara wɔ hɔ anaa. Sɛ wote ɛyaw biara nka bere a wode wo nsa ka baabiara saa bere yi a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ oduruyɛfo no .

Anom Kokoram Nhwehwɛmu Dye

Nnuruyɛfo pii de nnuru soronko te sɛ ``Toluidine blue dye'' di dwuma de hwehwɛ anom kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔde saa aduru yi gu akuru a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ so. Saa aduru yi boa ma wohu mmeae a ɛda adi sɛ kokoram betumi ayɛ no pefee.

Kanea a Wɔde Hwɛ Anom Kokoram

Afei nso, akwan titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ hann a ebetumi aboa wo ma woahu ntini a ɛnteɛ wɔ w’anom. Ansa na wode saa kwan yi bedi dwuma no, wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa nsuo soronko bi (`fluorescent mouthwash`) hohoro w'ano. Afei, sɛ wɔhyerɛn hann soronko bi mu kɔ w’anom a, ntini a ɛte apɔw no da adi sɛ ɛyɛ sum na ntini a ɛnteɛ da fitaa. Eyi ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobehu mmeae a adwenem naayɛ wom.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, nhwehwɛmu yi hwehwɛ kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne nkutoo. Ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na ama wɔahu yare no yiye.

Sɛ woyɛ w’ano kokoram nhwehwɛmu wie a, wo duruyɛfo bɛka nea wohui akyerɛ wo. Sɛ nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛ sɛ ebia wowɔ kokoram a, wo duruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ oduruyɛfo bi nkyɛn akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Ebia sɔhwɛ ahorow yi bi ne:

• Nkwammoaa mu nkwaadɔm: Oduruyɛfo de brɔs ketewaa bi, swab, anaa dua dua yi nkwammoaa bi fi w’anom. Afei, ɔyaresafo bi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ nkwammoaa no mu hwɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛfata anaa.
• Biopsy: Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo bi yi ntini ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ na ɔde kɔma ɔyaresafo bi ma ɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu. Eyi ne sɔhwɛ titiriw a ebetumi ahu sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ anaasɛ enni hɔ.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ san bra bɛyɛ dapɛn biako akyi bɛhwɛ sɛ ebia akuru a ɛyɛ hu no asesa anaasɛ asa anaa.

Bere bɛn na mehu nea ebefi mu aba?

Sɛ wɔyɛ anom kokoram nhwehwɛmu no ara pɛ a, oduruyɛfo no betumi aka nea ohui no akyerɛ wo ntɛm ara. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wubetumi ahu nea efi sɔhwɛ a edi kan no mu aba ntɛm ara.

Nanso sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo, te sɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a, ɛtaa gye bɛyɛ nnansa kosi anum ansa na nea efi mu ba no asan aba.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ me duruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Eyi ho hia yiye: Sɛ w’anom akuru foforo, anaasɛ wuhu sɛ akisikuru foforo bi, wohonhon, akuru a ɛnsa, anaa nsensanee fitaa anaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ w’anom anaa wo menewam a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, ɛno ne hokwan a eye sen biara a ɛbɛma wɔagye obi nkwa. Enti, sɛ wote nka sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye a, mmu w’ani ngu so, na ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

So metumi ayɛ anom kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu wɔ fie?

Nnuruyɛfo binom kamfo kyerɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, woyɛ w’ano mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ fie pɛnkoro ɔsram biara. Nanso, saa ankasa nhwehwɛmu yi (`self oral cancer screening`) nyɛ nea wɔde besi oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu mprenu afe biara ananmu da. Ma ɛno ntra w’adwenem.

Wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo sɛnea wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi wɔ fie. Akwankyerɛ ahorow bi a ɛfa nneɛma nyinaa ho ni:

• Kɔ ahwehwɛ mu na hwɛ w’anim. Hwehwɛ nsakrae biara a aba nnansa yi, te sɛ ɔfe, akuru, nkekae, anaa nsensanee.
• Fa wo nsateaa tu mmirika fa wo hwene no nkyɛnkyɛn na fa wo kɔn afã horow no sian. Hwɛ sɛ ɛho ahonhon na sɛ ɛyɛ symmetrical wɔ afã abien no nyinaa (a `asymmetry` nni mu).
• Twe anofafa no fi sẽ no ho mmiako mmiako. Hwɛ sɛ nsakrae biara aba kɔla anaa akuru mu anaa.
• Twe w’afono kɔ abɔnten. So nsensanee kɔkɔɔ anaa fitaa bi wɔ hɔ? Wote w’afono mu nka sɛ ebia akuru anaa akuru bi wɔ hɔ anaa?
• Fa wo nsateaa kɛse ne wo nsateaa a wode kyerɛ ade no bɔ wo hwene no mu. Mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛhwɛ tɛkrɛma no nkyɛn nso.
• Fa ahwɛyiye twe wo tɛkrɛma na hwɛ sɛ ɛho ahonhon anaasɛ ne kɔla asesa anaa. Fa wo tɛkrɛma ano si w’ano atifi na hwɛ wo tɛkrɛma ase. So biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ soronko?
• Afei, dan wo ti san w’akyi na hwɛ w’ano atifi. Hyɛ kɔla biara a ɛbɛsakra anaasɛ ano akuru biara nsow.
• Awiei koraa no, ma wo tɛkrɛma so na te w’ano ase hwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ yaw, ɛyɛ yaw, anaasɛ ɛho ahonhon anaa.

Akuru a ɛwɔ kɔn mu no betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ anom kokoram atrɛw akodu baabi a ɛkɔ akyiri. Enti , ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ sɛ wo kɔn mu ayɛ kurukuruwa na ɛho ahonhon anaa. Sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ a, kyerɛw to hɔ na kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ afotu foforo.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, afei woate sɛnea anom kokoram nhwehwɛmu yi ho hia no ase. Anom kokoram yɛ kokoram a ɛtaa ba ti ne kɔn mu. Ɛsan nso wɔ nnipa dodow a wowuwu. Nea enti titiriw a ɛte saa ne sɛ wohu yare no akyiri yi.

Sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, ɛno ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so ahu yare no na woafi ase sa yare no bere ano. Sɛ wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ wo daa no ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so ahu anom kokoram ntɛm.

Enti, bisa wo duruyɛfo anaa wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo no eyi ho asɛm bere biara a wubehu wɔn no. Bisa wɔn mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi na ama woanya akwahosan pa. W’akwahosan wɔ wo nsam!

` Anom kokoram, kokoram nhwehwɛmu, Anom Kokoram Nhwehwɛmu, nsensan akwahosan, kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne, ntɛm a wohu, akwahosan mu nhwehwɛmu