Momma yensua PCR sɔhwɛ no ho ade kɛkɛ, te sɛ nea efi yɛn adamfo bi hɔ no!

Ebia wobɛkae sɛ wɔ Covid-19 ɔyaredɔm no mu no, yɛn nyinaa kaa PCR nhwehwɛmu no ho asɛm . Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na nnipa binom suro kakra, na wɔresusuw dua bi a wɔde ahyɛ hwene mu ho? Nanso dɛn ankasa ne PCR sɔhwɛ yi? So ebetumi ahu Covid-19 nkutoo? Dabi, PCR yɛ sɔhwɛ kwan a ɛho hia yiye wɔ nnuruyɛ mu a ɛboa wɔ nneɛma pii mu. Momma yɛnka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm nnɛ, tiawa na emu nna hɔ, te sɛ nea yɛne yɛn adamfo pa bi rekasa.

Dɛn ne PCR? So wubetumi akyerɛkyerɛ mu kakra?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, PCR yɛ Polymerase Chain Reaction . Wɔde hu awosu mu nneɛma a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu, DNA anaa RNA . Fa no sɛ wɔagye nhwɛsode ketewaa bi afi wo nsam, ebetumi ayɛ mogya a ɛtɔ gu fam, anaasɛ aduru bi a wɔde fi wo hwene mu. Wɔfa saa DNA anaa RNA ketewaa a ɛwɔ saa nhwɛsode no mu no na wɔyɛ ɔpepem pii, ebia ɔpepepem pii wɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Eyi ne nea nyansahufo frɛ no amplification , a ɛkyerɛ “ɛkɔ soro” anaa “ɛdɔɔso.” Ɛte sɛ nea wode mfoninitwa afiri reyɛ krataa biako mfonini pii.

Ɛdenam mfonini pii a wɔyɛ te sɛ eyi so no, ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw ama nyansahufo sɛ wobesua DNA anaa RNA a ɛwɔ mfitiase nhwɛsode ketewaa no mu no ho ade na wɔahwɛ sɛ biribi titiriw bi wɔ mu anaa. PCR ka nhwehwɛmu kuw bi a wɔfrɛ no Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) ho .

Ɛwom sɛ nnipa pii ate asɛmfua PCR a ɛfa Covid-19 nhwehwɛmu ho deɛ, nanso wɔde saa mfiridwuma yi adi dwuma wɔ aduruyɛ mu akyɛ na ɛyɛ ɔkwan a mfasoɔ wɔ so paa.

Dɛn na wobetumi de PCR ahu?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma ko a PCR sɔhwɛ yi betumi ahu. Nnipa bebree susu sɛ ɛyɛ Covid-19 nko ara. Nanso ɛnte saa. Hwɛ:

• Nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba: PCR betumi aboa ma woahu sɛ ebia ɔyare mmoawa , mmoawa , ntontom , anaa ɔyare mmoawa bi na ɛde atiridiinini , atiridiinini , anaa ɔfe a wowɔ. Nhwɛsoɔ:
• SARS-CoV-2 mmoawa a ɛde COVID-19 (COVID-19) ba .
• Influenza , ɛno ne nea yɛtaa frɛ no atiridii.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), a ɛtaa ba nkokoaa nkumaa mu titiriw.
• Mmoawa a wɔde nsamanwaw ba.
• Nyarewa afoforo pii a efi mmoawa ne mmoawa mu ba.
• Awosu mu nyarewa: Nnipa binom wɔ awosu mu nyarewa a wonya fi awo mu, ɛnte saa? Nyarewa a ɛte saa, sɛ nhwɛso no , Cystic Fibrosis.Wɔde saa PCR yi nso di dwuma de hu tebea horow te sɛ Huntington Yare ne Fragile X Syndrome . Eyinom yɛ tebea horow a emu yɛ den yiye, enti sɛ wohu ntɛm a, ɛho hia yiye wɔ ayaresa mu.
• Kokoram ahorow: Saa kwan yi nso boa ma wohu kokoram ahorow bi te sɛ lymphoma .
• Awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae wɔ kokoram mu: Sɛ wɔresa obi a ɔwɔ kokoram yare a, saa PCR sɔhwɛ yi nso tumi hu awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae/nsakrae pɔtee bi wɔ saa kokoram nkwammoaa no mu. Eyi bɛma wɔatumi de ayaresa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so adi dwuma de asi saa nsakrae pɔtee no so. Eyi yɛ nkɔso kɛse a aba wɔ kokoram ayaresa mu.
• Daakye yare ho asiane: Ebia nnipa a wɔwɔ awosu mu nsakrae bi wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya nyarewa a emu yɛ den te sɛ kokoram daakye. Wɔde saa PCR yi nso yɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia kokoram betumi aba . Eyi ma wudi kan hu na sɛ ɛho hia a, woyɛ nsakrae wɔ w’asetra mu, anaasɛ woma w’ani da hɔ denam sɔhwɛ a wobɛyɛ no daa so.
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔawo: PCR nso boa wɔ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛ ebia ɔbea a onyinsɛn ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no wɔ awosu mu tebea bi anaa.

Ɛnyɛ eyi nko, ebia woahu wɔ sini ahorow mu, faako a wɔfa DNA adanse te sɛ ti nhwi ketewaa bi anaa mogya a wɔahu wɔ baabi a wɔyɛ nsɛmmɔnedi no na wɔde di dwuma de hu ɔsɛmmɔnedifo no. Forensic labs nso de saa PCR mfiridwuma yi di dwuma de ma DNA dodow kɔ soro na wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu.

Dɛn ne sɔhwɛ ne akwan a wɔfa so de PCR mfiridwuma di dwuma?

Wɔde PCR mfiridwuma di dwuma wɔ akwan horow a wɔfa so yɛ nhwehwɛmu mu. Sɔhwɛ ko a ɛsɛ sɛ wofa nhwɛsode bi ma no begyina nea woresɔ ahwɛ no so. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ni:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔfa mogya bi na wɔde PCR di dwuma de hu awosu mu nsakrae ne nyarewa bi a ɛde ɔyare ba.
• Nasopharyngeal swab: Wobetumi de nsuo a ɛyɛ nwini a wɔfa fi hwene anaa menewa mu no asɔ ɔhome mu nyarewa te sɛ influenza (flu), COVID-19, ne RSV ahwɛ. Eyi ne nea yɛn nyinaa ahyia wɔ COVID bere mu.
• Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) anaa Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS): Wɔ In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) nhyehyɛe no mu no, wɔfa nkwammoaa kakraa bi fi nkwaboaa no mu na wɔsɔ awosu mu tebea horow hwɛ ansa na wɔde ahyɛ ɛna no awotwaa mu. Wɔtaa yɛ eyi wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi bere a wɔagye nkesua no.
• Amniocentesis a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu:Wɔ nyinsɛn mu no, wobetumi de amniotic nsu kakraa bi a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia wɔ ɛna no awotwaa mu adi dwuma de asɔ akokoaa no awosu mu tebea ahwɛ denam PCR so. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a oduruyɛfo bi a ne ho akokwaw yɛ.
• Biopsy: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔahu awosu mu nsakrae a ɛba kokoram nkwammoaa mu (molecular testing) no, wɔfa akisikuru no fã ketewaa bi (tumor biopsy) anaa nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu. Eyi te sɛ oprehyɛn ketewaa bi. Afei wɔde nhwɛsode no yɛ PCR de hwehwɛ awosu mu nsakrae.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn asiesie wo ho ama sɔhwɛ yi?

Mpɛn pii no, ɛho nhia sɛ wɔyɛ ahosiesie titiriw biara mma PCR nhwehwɛmu. Nanso, egyina nea woresɔ ahwɛ ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so boaboa nhwɛsode no ano so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia mogya mu nhwehwɛmu bi bɛhwehwɛ sɛ wudi mmuada nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi ansa na woadi. Enti, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo anaa beae a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no sɛ biribi titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ anaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na PCR yɛ adwuma? Nyansahu kakra!

Eyi yɛ nyansahu mu asɛm kakra, nanso ma menkyerɛkyerɛ mu tiawa. Nea PCR yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ nneɛma a ɛtoatoa so a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ DNA a wopɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ no ho, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛyɛ nea ɛfa ho pɔtee. Saa nnidiso nnidiso yi betumi ayɛ awosu mu nsakrae pɔtee bi a ɛba kokoram mu, anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ mmoawa anaa mmoawa bi awosu mu mmara. Wɔfrɛ eyi DNA a wɔde wɔn ani asi so .

Edin "Polymerase Chain Reaction" kyerɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ DNA a wɔde asi wɔn ani so no mfonini dodow bi (wɔma ɛyɛ kɛse) wɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Saa adeyɛ yi de enzyme bi a wɔfrɛ no DNA polymerase di dwuma . Saa enzyme yi yɛ DNA a wɔde asi wɔn ani so no bi, sɛ ɛwɔ nhwɛsode no mu a.

Saa "nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn adeyɛ" yi ba bere a ano aduru bi fa ɔhyew ne onwini kyinhyia pii mu. Wɔ kyinhyia biako mu no, DNA dodow betumi abu abɔ ho abien. Fa no sɛ biako kosi abien, abien kosi anan, anan kosi awotwe... ne nea ɛkeka ho, awiei koraa no, ɛyɛ ɔpepem pii. Mfaso a ɛwɔ eyi so ne sɛ PCR tumi hu DNA anaa RNA nketenkete mpo a anka nhwehwɛmu afoforo renhu.

Mpɛn pii no, sɛ wɔyɛ PCR wie a, ɛsɛ sɛ nyansahufo yɛ nhwehwɛmu pii de hwehwɛ DNA a wɔahyɛ no den no mu. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔde nkyerɛwde soronko bi ka ano aduru no ho bere a wɔreyɛ PCR no, na ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ nhwɛsode no yɛ papa anaasɛ ɛnyɛ papa. Wobetumi de saa kwan yi adi dwuma de anya nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm, titiriw bere a wɔrehwehwɛ nyarewa te sɛ mmoawa no.

PCR ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?

PCR ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ. Ebinom hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nneɛma foforo de yɛ DNA no ho mfonini anaasɛ wɔhwehwɛ mu. Momma yɛnhwɛ ahorow atitiriw abien:

1. Nneɛma a Wɔde Kyerɛw Nsɛm a Wɔadan no Akyi (RT-PCR) .

Fa no sɛ awosu mu nsɛm a yɛpɛ sɛ yɛyɛ ho mfonini na yɛhwehwɛ no nni DNA mu, na mmom ɛwɔ RNA mu. (Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, Covid-19 mmoawa no wɔ RNA). Afei, wɔ RT-PCR yi mu no, nea wɔyɛ ne sɛ wodi kan dan RNA (RNA) no ma ɛbɛyɛ DNA denam enzyme soronko bi (reverse transcriptase) so. Wɔfrɛ DNA a ɛba no DNA a ɛboa (cDNA) . Ɛno akyi no, wɔyɛ PCR nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ daa a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no. Efisɛ, DNA nkutoo so na wobetumi ayɛ PCR a ɛfata.

2. Bere ankasa mu PCR / Dodow PCR (Q-PCR) .

Nea ɛba wɔ eyi mu ne sɛ bere a wɔreyɛ DNA mfonini ahorow no, wɔde fluorescent nkyerɛwde soronko bi ka ho. Saa nkyerɛwde ahorow yi ma hann ba bere a ɛbata DNA a wɔde wɔn ani asi so no ho no. Afei, sɛ wɔanyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo biara a, wɔn a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no betumi ahu wɔ bere ankasa mu sɛ ebia DNA a ɛfa ho no wɔ nhwɛsode no mu anaa. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom wobetumi anya dodow ho adwene nso wɔ dodow a ɛwɔ hɔ ho.

Adeɛ a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ ne sɛ, nnipa binom nso frɛ yei "RT-PCR". Nanso ɛnyɛ ade koro ne Reverse-Transcriptase PCR a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no. Afei nso, wobetumi de saa Real-time PCR kwan yi adi dwuma de aka Reverse-Transcriptase PCR a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no ho. Afei wɔfrɛ no Real-time RT-PCR (bere ankasa mu RT-PCR) . Saa bere ankasa mu RT-PCR kwan yi na wɔde yɛ hwene mu nhwehwɛmu de hu RNA mmoawa te sɛ Covid-19 ne influenza.

Dɛn na nea efi PCR nhwehwɛmu mu ba no ka kyerɛ yɛn?

Sɛ wunya PCR nhwehwɛmu mu aba a, ebia nsɛmfua a wɔde kyerɛw no bɛyɛ soronko kakra, a egyina nea wɔsɔɔ wo hwɛe no so.

• Mpɛn pii no, sɛ nea efi mu ba no ka sɛ "wɔahu" anaasɛ "wɔwɔ hɔ" a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ awosu mu nsakrae anaa ɔyare mmoawa a sɔhwɛ no hwehwɛɛ no.
• Sɛ nea efii mu bae no ka sɛ "wɔnhu" a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɔhwɛ no antumi anhu DNA anaa RNA a wɔde wɔn ani asi so a na wɔresɔ ahwɛ no. Nanso, sɛ obi anya ɔyare mmoawa a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyi betumi akyerɛ sɛ woyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu ntɛm dodo wɔ ɔyare mmoawa no mu. Ebia woda so ara wɔ ɔyare no, nanso ebia mmoawa anaa mmoawa no nnɔɔso a wobetumi de PCR ahu saa bere no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɛkyerɛ Covid-19 PCR aba no ase?

Eyi yɛ biribi a nnipa pii nim mprempren.

• COVID PCR aba a ɛyɛ papa - a ɛkyerɛ sɛ w'amanneɛbɔ ka sɛ "Wɔahu" - kyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ sɛ woanya COVID-19 , anaasɛ wo ho atɔ wo nnansa yi ara wɔ COVID-19 mu (ɛtɔ da bi a PCR tumi kɔ so yɛ papa bere bi wɔ ahoɔden akyi).
• Sɛ wo nya COVID PCR aba a ɛnyɛ papa ("Not Detected") a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na woannya COVID-19 bere a wofaa anom aduru no. Nanso, sɛnea madi kan aka no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ntɛm wɔ ɔyare mmoawa bi mu, titiriw sɛ wunni sɛnkyerɛnne biara a, PCR nhwehwɛmu betumi ayɛ nea enye. Enti sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi a, ebia wo duruyɛfo betu wo fo sɛ san kɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu bio wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔanya PCR aba?

Eyi nso gu ahorow gyina sɔhwɛ a wɔreyɛ no so.

• Mpɛn pii no, hwene mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ mmoawa a wɔtaa ba te sɛ atiridii ne COVID-19 no gye nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi anaa da koro ansa na aba.
• Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔde mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ne akwan a wɔfa so yi nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu di dwuma no betumi agye dapɛn biako anaa nea ɛboro saa ansa na wɔanya nea efi mu ba efisɛ nhwehwɛmu no yɛ den kakra.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo wɔ PCR nhwehwɛmu anaa nea efi mu ba ho a, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Wobetumi akyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo.

Nkrasɛm a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wode kɔ fie

Ɛwom sɛ nsɛmfua "PCR test" hyɛn yɛn da biara da nkɔmmɔdie a ɛne afe 2020 COVID-19 ɔyaredɔm no mu mpofirim de, nanso nokwarem no ɛyɛ mfiridwuma a ɛsom bo paa a nnuruyɛfoɔ de adi dwuma mfeɛ du du pii. PCR boa ma wohu DNA anaa RNA nketenkete a wobetumi de ahu akwahosan tebea ahorow na wɔayɛ ho mfonini.

Bere a eyi abu so wɔ nnuruyɛfo fam no, ebia ɛnyɛ nea ɛtaa ba sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu. Yɛte saa asɛm no ase. Nanso nea eye sen biara ne sɛ egye wo nipadua no mu kakraa bi pɛ, na mpɛn pii no oprehyɛn no gye simma kakraa bi pɛ. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa, dadwen, anaa adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ eyi ho a, yɛsrɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` PCR nhwehwɛmu, DNA, RNA, awosu mu nhwehwɛmu, nhwehwɛmu, Covid-19, virus