So wopɛ sɛ wuhu ANCA Sɔhwɛ no nso ho asɛm? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri!

So woate `(ANCA sɔhwɛ)` ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia wo duruyɛfo no ka kyerɛɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi, anaasɛ ebia wuhuu edin no wɔ baabi kɛkɛ na w’ani begyee ho sɛ wubehu. Enti, dɛn ne saa `(ANCA sɔhwɛ)` yi? Dɛn ankasa na ɛhwehwɛ? Wɔ asɛm yi mu no, yebenya nsɛmmisa a ɛtete saa a ebia ɛwɔ w’adwenem no ho mmuae.

Dɛn ne ANCA sɔhwɛ? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ANCA nhwehwɛmu yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa wo mogya bi na ɛhwehwɛ nneɛma pɔtee bi a wɔfrɛ no Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies, anaa ANCAs tiawa.

Afei ebia worebisa wo ho sɛ, dɛn ne saa `(ANCAs)` yi? `(ANCAs)` yɛ `(autoantibodies)` bi. `(Autoantibodies)` yɛ protein bi a yɛn ankasa nipadua mu nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa (kyerɛ sɛ, nhyehyɛe a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho) na ɛyɛ. Nanso, ɔhaw a ɛwɔ saa `(autoantibodies)` yi mu ne sɛ wodi mfomso tow hyɛ nkwammoaa ne ntini a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu so. Ɛte sɛ yɛn ankasa asraafo a wɔreto ahyɛ yɛn ankasa man so.

Saa `(ANCAs)` yi de wɔn ani si protein ahorow a wohu wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a wɔfrɛ no `(neutrophils) mu no so titiriw. `(Neutrophils)` te sɛ asraafo nkumaa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Wɔn na wɔko tia mmoawa na wɔboa yɛn ma yɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Enti, saa `(ANCA sɔhwɛ)` yi betumi ahu sɛ wowɔ saa `(autoantibodies)` yi wɔ wo mogya mu, na sɛ ɛte saa a, dodow ahe.

Yare bɛn na wɔde ANCA nhwehwɛmu no di dwuma de hu?

Nnuruyɛfo de ANCA nhwehwɛmu no di dwuma titiriw de boa ma wohu nyarewa bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, a ɛka nyarewa kuw bi a wɔfrɛ no vasculitis ho.

Dɛn ne saa `(vasculitis)` yi?

Fa no sɛ, wɔ yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu no, nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ nsukorade a ɛde mogya kɔ? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no mogya ntini. Wɔ tebea a wɔfrɛ no ``vasculitis'' yi mu no, nea ɛba ne sɛ yɛn ankasa nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ mogya ntini yi so na ɛma ɛyɛ hyew, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛhohoro . Ɛte sɛ kuru a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.

Vasculitis ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛne ANCA wɔ abusuabɔ:

• `(Granulomatosis a ɛwɔ polyangiitis)` (kan no na wɔfrɛ no `(Wegener granulomatosis)`).
• `(Polyangiitis a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete)` .
• Eosinophilic granulomatosis a ɛwɔ polyangiitis (kan no na wɔfrɛ no Churg-Strauss syndrome).

Mogya ntini ne nea ɛde mogya fi yɛn koma mu kɔ akwaa ne ntini afoforo nyinaa mu. Enti, sɛ mogya ntini yi mu yɛ hyew a, mogya ntumi nkɔ yiye. Eyi betumi asɛe yɛn akwaa a ɛho hia no, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ɛde tebea horow a asiane wom te sɛ mogya ntini a ɛpae (aneurysm) aba . Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wohu tebea horow a ɛtete saa ntɛm no.

So (ANCA) ahorow atitiriw bi wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, ANCA ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ. Saa ANCA sɔhwɛ yi betumi akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ biako anaa abien no nyinaa.

• `cANCA` : Eyi de n'ani si protein bi a wɔfrɛ no `(proteinase 3)` anaa `(PR3)` so.
• `pANCA` : Eyi de n’ani si protein bi a wɔfrɛ no `(myeloperoxidase)` anaa `(MPO)` so.

Saa `(protein)` ahorow abien yi nyinaa wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a wɔfrɛ no `(neutrophils)` a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no mu. Sɛ oduruyɛfo nim `(ANCA)` ko a ɛwɔ hɔ a, ɛboa oduruyɛfo no wɔ yare no a wohu ne ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe mu.

Hena na ɔyɛ ANCA sɔhwɛ no? Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsɔ hwɛ wɔ lab?

Mpɛn pii no, ɔyarehwɛfo, oduruyɛfo, anaa aduruyɛdan ho nimdefo bi gye wo mogya, na afei wɔde kɔ aduruyɛdan mu ma wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu.

Dɛn na ɛkɔ so wɔ aduruyɛdan (`lab`) mu?

Wɔfa wo mogya no bi na wɔde fra neutrophils a ɛwɔ slide so no. Afei, sɛ ANCA ahorow wɔ wo mogya mu a, ɛbɛbata neutrophils no ho. Afei wɔde aduru soronko bi (stain) bi ka slide no ho. Afei, sɛ wode microscope hwɛ no a, wubetumi ahu ANCA ahorow a wɔde abata slide no ho no nsusuwii pefee.

Lab no gyina fluorescence nhyehyɛe pɔtee a wohu wɔ saa nkwammoaa yi mu so kyerɛ sɛ saa nkwammoaa yi yɛ cANCA (cytoplasmic pattern) anaa pANCA (perinuclear pattern).

Aduruyɛdan betumi de ANCA nhwehwɛmu ahorow biako anaa abien adi dwuma:

• `(Indirect immunofluorescence) (IIF)` : Saa sɔhwɛ yi kyerɛ wo sɛ wowɔ saa `(autoantibodies)` no nkutoo anaasɛ wunni bi. Ɛne sɛ, nea efi mu ba ne `(positive)` anaa `(negative)`.
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) : Wɔde saa sɔhwɛ kwan yi di dwuma de hu nea protein a wɔde wɔn ani asi so (i.e. PR3 anaa MPO) no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ neutrophils no mu.

So ahosiesie titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a ɛho hia ansa na wɔayɛ ANCA sɔhwɛ no?

Mpɛn pii no , ahosiesie titiriw biara nni hɔ a ɛho hia ma ANCA sɔhwɛ. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi de mogya koro no ara asɔ nneɛma pii ahwɛ. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, ebia sɔhwɛ ahorow bi bɛhwehwɛ sɛ wudi mmuada nnɔnhwerew 8 kosi 12, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wudi anaa wonom biribiara gye nsu. Nanso, wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo akwankyerɛ pɔtee wɔ eyi ho. Enti mma ɛnhaw wo wɔ ho.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan bere a woreyɛ ANCA sɔhwɛ no?

Egye simma kakraa bi pɛ na wɔatwe wo mogya. Wɔtaa yɛ wɔ adwumayɛbea, ayaresabea, anaa aduruyɛdan mu. Sɛnea wɔtwe mogya no ni:

• Nea edi kan no, wɔde tourniquet anaa band bi kyekyere wo nsa atifi (wo yafunu atifi) denneennen.
• Afei, wɔde aduru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa hohoro were a wɔbɛtwe mogya no ho.
• Afei, wɔde ade bi hyɛ ntini bi a ɛbɛn nsateaa no mu. Saa bere yi de ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw anaasɛ wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho yɛ wo yaw kakra . Eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata.
• Wɔde afiri ketewaa bi bata ade no ho na wɔboaboa mogya dodow a ɛho hia ano.
• Afei, woyi teyp ne ade no, na wɔde kotoku asinasin kura baabi a wɔde ade no hyɛ mu no ma mogya no agyae.
• Awiei koraa no, wɔde aduru ketewaa bi a wɔde kyekyere (plaster) gu beae no.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ ANCA sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa aduru a wɔde kyekyere wo ho no nhyɛ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi. Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo nso sɛ kwati apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a emu yɛ den nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi bere a wode mogya ama akyi. Sɛ ɛnyɛ ɛno a, biribi titiriw biara nni hɔ.

So asiane bi wɔ eyi mu (ANCA sɔhwɛ)?

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho koraa na asiane ahorow no sua koraa .

Ebia wubenya akuru ketewaa bi wɔ baabi a wɔde ade no hyɛɛ mu no. Mpɛn pii no, eyi ankasa befi hɔ wɔ nna abien akyi. Ɛntaa mma sɛ ntini no betumi ahonhon kakra. Sɛ eyi ba a, ebia nhyɛso a ɛyɛ hyew bɛboa. Eyi nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw yɛn ho.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔanya ANCA sɔhwɛ no mu aba?

ANCA sɔhwɛ no yɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi, enti wɔyɛ no wɔ aduruyɛdan titiriw bi mu. Enti, ebetumi adi nna kakraa bi kosi dapɛn biako ansa na nea efi mu ba no asan aba. Wo duruyɛfo bɛma woahu.

Dɛn na ANCA sɔhwɛ no mu aba no kyerɛ? Mete ase dɛn?

Eyi ne ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara. Wo duruyɛfo no ne nea ɔne wo bɛkasa afa nea afi ANCA sɔhwɛ no mu aba ne sɛnea ɛka w’akwahosan ho.

• Sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ ``negative`` a: Ɛda adi kɛse sɛ eyi kyerɛ sɛ wunni ``autoimmune vasculitis`` tebea a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no.
• Sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ ``papa`` a: Ebia ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ ``autoimmune vasculitis``.

Nanso, biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛho hia sɛ yɛte ase wɔ ha. Sɛ woyɛ ANCA nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ yare no a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ yare no ara kwa. Wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo , te sɛ biopsy (ntini a wɔfa de yɛ nhwehwɛmu), anaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu afoforo. Nea ɛka ho no, wogyina nneɛma pii so hu yare no, a nea ɛka ho ne wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne nea efi nhwehwɛmu afoforo mu ba.

Nea ɛho hia: Nea efi ANCA sɔhwɛ no mu ba no yɛ nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe no fã biako pɛ. Ɛnyɛ n’ankasa na ɛkyerɛ sɛ yare bi wɔ hɔ. Wo duruyɛfo no besusuw eyi ho de aka nneɛma afoforo pii ho, te sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, nea efi nhwehwɛmu afoforo mu ba, ne w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm.

Enti, dɛn ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi eyi mu?

``Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies'', anaa ``ANCA'' sɔhwɛ no yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia a ɛboa nnuruyɛfo ma wohu ``autoimmune vasculitis'' ahorow bi, tebea horow a yɛn ankasa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ yɛn mogya ntini so.

Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea enti a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi ne nea nea ebefi mu aba no bɛkyerɛ ama wo mu akyerɛ wo. Enti, nsuro anaasɛ nnyɛ adwenem naayɛ. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi anaa wonte biribi ase a, bisa wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛbɔ wo amanneɛ bere a woresisi w’akwahosan ho gyinae no.

` (ANCA sɔhwɛ), ANCA nhwehwɛmu, mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, ntini mu yare, nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa, neutrophils, mogya ntini mu yare