Ɔbran ketewa a ɛho nhia wɔ yɛn asetra mu: Biribiara a ɛfa Medulla Oblongata ho!

So woasusuw sɛnea nneɛma bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu – ahome, yɛn koma a ɛbɔ, yɛmene aduan – si ara kwa, a yɛmmɔ mmɔden biara, a yensusuw ho mpo ho pɛn? Wɔfrɛ onipa ketewaa nanso ɔwɔ tumi kɛse a ɔhyɛ saa nnwuma a ɛho hia yiye yi pii akyi no Medulla Oblongata. So yɛbɛka ɔfã a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi ho asɛm nnɛ?

Dɛn ne Medulla Oblongata no? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wo medulla oblongata no yɛ w’amemene no fã. Susuw ho saa kwan yi so, efi yɛn amemene so kosi yɛn akyi berɛmo so no, yɛwɔ akyi berɛmo a ɛte sɛ bridge a ɛka abien no bom. Ɛno nti na medulla oblongata yɛ nhyiamu a ɛho hia paa wɔ yɛn ntini mu. Ɛte sɛ nhyiam kɛse bi a akwan akɛse hyia! Ɛhwɛ yɛn nipadua mu dwumadi ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara no pii so.

Dɛn ankasa na medulla oblongata yɛ? Ne dwumadi ahorow bi...

Medulla oblongata (momma yɛmfrɛ no "medulla" kɛkɛ) wɔ adwuma a ɛho hia yiye. Ɛnyɛ beae a ɛwɔ nkutoo nti, na mmom nneɛma a ɛhwɛ so nti. Nneɛma a ɛyɛ no bi ni:

• Hwɛ koma , mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu , ne ahome so : Yiw, medulla no ne baabi a yɛn koma ne ntini nhyehyɛe ne ɔhome nhyehyɛe no bom yɛ adwuma de hwɛ nneɛma te sɛ wo koma bɔ, sɛnea wohome, ne mogya mmoroso so . Fa no sɛ, sɛ ɛnyɛ saa a, anka yɛrentumi nhome yiye mpo!
• Wɔhwɛ nneɛma afoforo a ɛkɔ so ara kwa so: Eyinom ne nneɛma a ɛkɔ so ara kwa wɔ wo nipadua mu a wunsusuw ho mpo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ ɔfe, ahurututu, aduan a wɔmene, ɔfe , ne kari pɛ . Sɛ yedidi a, yensusuw sɛ, "Ɛsɛ sɛ memene mprempren," ɛnte saa? Ɛba ara kwa. Eyi na ɛboa yɛn ma yɛyɛ saa.
• Ntini a ɛka bom : Ntini atitiriw a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no mu dodow no ara ne yɛn akyi berɛmo no di nkitaho. Efi hɔ no, wɔde nkrasɛm kɔ amemene no mu na efi saa ntini ahorow yi mu. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ saa nkrasɛm no nyinaa fa medulla no mu. Ntini dumien a ɛwɔ atiridiinini a ɛka mmeae te sɛ wo kɔn, wo menewa , ne wo tɛkrɛma bom kɔ amemene no ho tẽẽ no mu anan fa saa medulla yi mu.
• Nsɛntitiriw a wɔde twa kwan:Biribi a ɛyɛ nwonwa ankasa ni! Beae titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no "Pyramids" wɔ medulla no mu a ntini pii a ɛka yɛn nipadua no kankyee ho no twam. Saa kwan a wɔfa so twa no nti na w’amemene no fã biako taa di wo nipadua no fã foforo no so no. Fa no sɛ, sɛ wopɛ sɛ woka wo nsa nifa a, ahyɛde no fi w’amemene benkum so. Saa na ɛba esiane saa twa yi nti.

Nea ɛho hia: Medulla yɛ yɛn asetra fã titiriw na ɛyɛ adwuma bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛhwɛ so.

Abusuabɔ bɛn na ɛda medulla ne cranial nerves ntam?

Yɛaka dedaw sɛ ntini bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no cranial nerves. Eyinom ba abien abien. Momma yɛnhwɛ ntini ahorow a ɛfa medulla no mu no bi:

• Titiriw Ntini IX (CN IX): Saa ti nhwi ntini a ɛto so akron yi ka yɛn ano dwumadi pii ho. Ɛhwɛ ntini a ɛma nnompe, dɛ, na ɛka anom no so. Ɛsan nso di gag reflex a ɛmma biribi nkɔ yɛn menewam wɔ akwanhyia mu no so.
• Cranial Nerve X (CN X): Edin foforo a wɔde frɛ saa ti nhwi ntini a ɛto so du yi ne Vagus ntini. Eyi yɛ ntini a ɛho hia yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ankasa. Ɛne akwaa titiriw biara wɔ abusuabɔ fi yɛn kɔn so kosi yɛn akyi berɛmo no atifi. Ɛde nkrasɛm ahorow a efi autonomic nervous system no mu ba, na yensusuw ho mpo. Ɛhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ koma bɔ ne dwensɔtwaa a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu so. Ɛsan nso de nkrasɛm kɔ yɛn ahurututu (nne adaka) ne ntini a yɛde mene aduan no mu.
• Titiriw Ntini XI (CN XI): Titiriw ntini a ɛto so du-baako na ɛhwɛ ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn kɔn ne yɛn akyi atifi no so. Saa ntini ahorow yi boa bere a wodan wo ti na woma wo mmati so no.
• Cranial Nerve XII (CN XII): Cranial nerve a ɛto so dumien no na ɛhwɛ ntini ahorow a wode di dwuma de pue wo tɛkrɛma no so. Enti, kasa ne ɔmene ho hia.

Woahu, hwɛ sɛnea ntini a ɛho hia a ɛnam saa medulla ketewa yi so yɛ adwuma!

Ɛhe na medulla no wɔ?

Medulla no wɔ w’amemene no ase pɛɛ. Ne titiriw no, ɛhɔ na w’akyi berɛmo no nam ɔkwan bi a wɔfrɛ no foramen magnum a ɛwɔ wo ti nhwi ase no so ne w’amemene no di nkitaho. Wɔ medulla no atifi pɛɛ no, pons a ɛwɔ nneɛma a ɛwɔ amemene no mfinimfini no ase no wɔ hɔ. Ade foforo a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ medulla no ho ne sɛ ɛtetew ntini a ɛhwɛ ntini no kankan so (a ɛwɔ benkum so) no fi ntini a ɛhwɛ nkate te sɛ nsa a wɔde ka obi, ɔhyew, ne ɛyaw so (a ɛwɔ nifa so) no ho.

Eyi te dɛn? Nsusuwii, kɔla, kɛse?

• Bɔbea:Mpɛn pii no, medulla no yɛ te sɛ tube, anaa funnel. Ɔfã a ɛwɔ soro, baabi a ɛne pons no di nkitaho no na ɛtrɛw sen biara.
• Kɔla: Eyi taa yɛ beige anaasɛ kɔla a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛwɔ pinkish tinge.
• Ne kɛse: Medulla no ho hia yiye, nanso ɛyɛ ketewaa koraa. Ne tenten bɛyɛ sɛntimita 3 (bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 1.1). Ntrɛwmu a ɛtrɛw sen biara no bɛyɛ sɛntimita 2 (bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 0.78).
• Mu duru: Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, mpanyimfo amemene mu duru fi kilogram 1.2 kosi 1.4 (nkaribo 2.6 kosi 3.1). Medulla no yɛ bɛyɛ 0.5% wɔ eyi mu. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ emu duru fi gram 59 kosi 72 (ounces 2 kosi 2.5). Ɛyɛ ketewa, nanso ɛyɛ adwuma pii, ɛnte saa?

Dɛn na wɔde na ɛyɛ eyi?

Te sɛ amemene no mu ntini afoforo no, amemene no mu nneɛma fitaa ne fitaa ne ntini mu nkwammoaa ahorow na ɛyɛ medulla no. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ yɛn amemene mu ntini no yɛ:

• 77% yɛ nsuo
• Srade `(Nsrade)` 11% .
• 8% na ɛyɛ protein
• Nneɛma afoforo 4% .

Dɛn ne nyarewa ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛtaa ba a ɛka medulla no?

Nyarewa ne ɔhaw ahorow betumi aka ɔfã ketewaa a ɛho hia yiye yi. Wɔn mu bi ni:

• Aneurysms (mogya ntini a ayɛ mmerɛw na ayɛ kɛse) .
• Kokoram
• Amemene a ɛsɛe esiane ti a opira, te sɛ akisikuru ne amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu nti
• Strokes anaa Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) (a wɔsan frɛ no mini-strokes) .
• Tebea afoforo pii nso wɔ hɔ a wɔntaa nhu, te sɛ Moebius yare, nhyehyɛe ahorow pii a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne supranuclear palsy a ɛkɔ so yɛ den.

Tebea ahorow pii nso wɔ hɔ a ɛnam amemene no mu akisikuru na ɛde ba, a wɔde din soronko frɛ no:

• Wallenberg syndrome: Wɔsan frɛ no lateral medullary syndrome, na saa tebea yi ba bere a mogya a ɛkɔ medulla no fã bi twa mu, na ɛsɛe saa beae no. Eyi ne akisikuru a ɛtaa ka medulla no.
• Dejerine syndrome: Wɔsan frɛ eyi medial medullary syndrome, na ɛba bere a ɔyare a ɛma mogya tu no siw mogya a ɛkɔ medulla no mfinimfini kwan, na ɛka pyramid ahorow a ntini ahorow no twam no.
• Bilateral medial medullary syndrome: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛyɛ soronko kakra. Ɛka Dejerine yare ne Wallenberg yare no afã horow bom, na ɛka nipadua no afã abien no nyinaa.
• Reinhold yare no:Wɔsan frɛ eyi sɛ hemidemedullary syndrome. Eyi ho yɛ na koraa. Ɛwɔ Wallenberg ne Dejerine yare no nyinaa ho sɛnkyerɛnne, nanso Wallenberg yare no ka ɔfã biako pɛ.
• Babinski-Nageotte ne Cestan-Chenais yare: Eyinom nso yɛ tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Wɔde Wallenberg yare ne Reinhold yare no nkɛntɛnso ahorow bi a wɔaka abom na ɛde ba.

Dɛn ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ medulla no mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Tebea horow a ɛka medulla no ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea wohu wɔ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa nipadua no afã horow a ɛne ntini ahorow a ɛfa medulla no mu no wɔ abusuabɔ mu no ara pɛ. Nanso , nsonsonoe a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, sɛ wobɔ akisikuru a ɛka medulla no a, wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi wɔ wo nipadua no fã biako na ebi nso wɔ ɔfã foforo. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba no bi ni:

• Ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase ho sɛnkyerɛnne (sɛ nhwɛso no, anim a ɛhwe ase, ontumi nkasa, ɔhonam akwaa bi a ɛyera) .
• Nneɛma a wontumi nyɛ anaasɛ wontumi nyɛ adwuma yiye (ataxia ho sɛnkyerɛnne) - nantew te sɛ obi a wabow nsa, a ontumi nte nneɛma ase.
• Tipaeɛ
• Ɛnne a ɛyɛ den (Dysphonia) .
• Ɔhyew anaa ɛyaw a wɔhwere wɔ nipadua anaa anim fã bi
• Nystagmus (ani a ɛkeka ne ho a wontumi nni so) .
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe
• Obubuafo (wɔ anim anaa nipadua no afã horow) .
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene ade (Dysphagia) .
• Anisoadehu mu haw ahorow

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛnea medulla no akwahosan te?

Nhwehwɛmu pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma woahu tebea horow a ɛka w’amemene no, a medulla ka ho. Sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔtaa yɛ no bi ne:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu (sɛ nhwɛso no, nea ɛhwehwɛ nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa anaa awosu mu nyarewa) .
• Kɔmputa so tomography (CT) a wɔde yɛ mfonini
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) (a ɛhwɛ sɛnea amemene no mu anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma) .
• Electromyogram (EMG) (a wɔhwɛ ntini ahorow a ɛwɔ ntini mu dwumadi) .
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hu so .
• Positron emission tomography (PET) a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu
• Akyi berɛmo mu tap / Lumbar puncture

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔde sa nyarewa a ɛwɔ medulla no mu?

Ayaresa ahorow bi a wɔde sa nyarewa a ɛwɔ medulla no mu no yɛ pɔtee, efisɛ amemene no fã yi yɛ nnwuma pɔtee bi. Afei nso, esiane baabi a medulla no wɔ nti, oprehyɛn betumi ayɛ den yiye, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye, esiane asiane kɛse a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ amemene no afã afoforo anaa akyi berɛmo a ɛbɛn hɔ no bɛsɛe nti.

Dɛn na metumi ayɛ na ama me medulla no ayɛ yiye?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ na amma wo medulla no ansɛe, anaasɛ wobɛkwati tebea horow a ɛka no:

• Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ.Sɛ vitamin ahorow bi nni wo mu, titiriw vitamin B12 a, ebetumi aka w’amemene no, a medulla no ka ho, na ɛde ɔhaw akɛse aba.
• Kɔ so yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ na kura mu duru a ɛfata mu. Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ wo mogya a ɛkɔ wo nipadua mu ne wo koma mu no betumi aka w’amemene. Akisikuru yɛ nhwɛso a ɛte saa no mu biako. Mpɛn pii no, komayare na ɛde akisikuru ba. Sɛ wokɔ so yɛ nnam na wo mu duru a ɛfata a, ebetumi aboa ma asiane yi so atew.
• Hyɛ nneɛma a wode bɔ wo ho ban bere a ɛho hia no. Ti a wopirapira no betumi ama amemene no asɛe kɛse. Amemene mu akisikuru anaa amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu betumi aba. Sɛ wohyɛ nneɛma a wode bɔ wo ho ban (te sɛ dade kyɛw) bere a woreyɛ adwuma anaa woredi agoru a, ebetumi aboa ma woabɔ w’amemene ho ban afi saa opira ahorow yi ho.

So medulla no di abufuw ne basabasayɛ nneyɛe so?

Dabi, wo medulla no ntumi nni nkate horow te sɛ abufuw, abufuw, ne nneyɛe a ɛyɛ basabasa so. Saa nkate horow no gyina w’amemene no afã afoforo abien so, titiriw limbic system no. Dwuma biako pɛ a medulla di wɔ basabasayɛ mu ne sɛ ɛbɛhwɛ wo koma bɔ, wo home, ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛkɔ so ara kwa so.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Enti, ebia woate ase mprempren sɛ Medulla Oblongata yɛ yɛn nipadua no fã a ɛho hia yiye, ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɛyɛ ketewaa no. Ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ relay station, na ɛboa ma ntini mu nkrasɛm kɔ nipadua no afã horow. Sɛ ɛnyɛ saa a, anka worentumi nyɛ biribi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ wo din a wobɛka, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den te sɛ bɔɔl a wobɛkyere na woatow.

Sɛ wunim medulla oblongata ho asɛm a, ebetumi aboa wo ma woanya w’ankasa wo nipadua ho ntease pa. Ɛbɛboa wo nso ma woahwɛ w’amemene ne wo ntini ahorow no akwahosan so yiye. Bɔ mmɔden bere nyinaa sɛ wobɛkɔ so anya apɔwmuden!

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Medulla oblongata, amemene no dua, ntini nhyehyɛe, ɔhome, koma bɔ, ti nhwi ntini, ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase