So wote ɔbrɛ ne ɔbrɛ nka bere nyinaa? Ebia wo honam ani ayɛ mmerɛw kakra? Eyinom nyɛ nneɛma a ɛba kwa kɛkɛ, ebia mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu yi, kyerɛ sɛ, mogya a enni nipadua no mu no betumi afi eyi mu aba. Ɛnnɛ yɛreka ‘Thalassemia’, yareɛ a wɔde wo awo mu a ɛfa mogya ho, a abu so wɔ nnipa bebree mu wɔ yɛn man yi mu ho asɛm. Nsuro sɛ wote saa din yi a. Momma yɛnte eyi ho biribiara ase kɛkɛ.
Dɛn ankasa ne Thalassemia?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, thalassemia yɛ mogya mu yare a wonya fi awo mu a wonya fi awo mu . Ɛnyɛ yare a wɔde kɔ nnipa mu. Saa tebea yi mma yɛn nipadua no ntumi nyɛ hemoglobin a ahoɔden wom a ɛdɔɔso.
Seesei ebia woresusuw nea hemoglobin yɛ ho. Hemoglobin yɛ protein soronko bi a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu. Ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ ‘delivery service’ a ɛde oxygen kɔ yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu. Kar ahorow a wɔfrɛ no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ na ɛde saa ade a wɔfrɛ no hemoglobin yi kɔ nipadua no mu nkwammoaa biara mu.
Obi a ɔwɔ thalassemia no, hemoglobin a ahoɔden wom a ɛba ne nipadua mu no so tew. Enti, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nso so tew. Saa tebea a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ so tew yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu , anaa ‘mogya a enni nipadua mu’. Sɛ nipadua no mu nkwammoaa nnya mframa pa a ehia a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow fi ase da adi.
Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ebia wobɛte nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ nka:
- Ɔbrɛ ne ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so a wɔte nka bere nyinaa.
- Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
- Awɔw a wɔte nka.
- Sɛ wote nka sɛ n’adwene atu afra.
- Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
Dɛn na ɛde thalassemia ba? Henanom na wɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu?
Yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu sintɔ bi na ɛde thalassemia ba. Susuw saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi ho sɛ ‘program code’ a akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhyehyɛ biribiara a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ho. Wɔhyehyɛ hemoglobin protein no sɛnea akwankyerɛ a efi awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi mu kyerɛ no. Sɛ biribi asɛe wɔ akwankyerɛ ahorow yi ho, anaasɛ ne fã bi nni hɔ a, nipadua no ntumi nyɛ hemoglobin a ahoɔden wom. Yenya saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm a asɛe yi fi yɛn awofo hɔ. Ɛno nti na wɔfrɛ no awosu mu yare no.
Hemoglobin molecule bi yɛ protein nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn anan: alpha globin nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn abien ne beta globin nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn abien.
- Awosu mu nkwaadɔm anan ho hia na ama wɔayɛ alpha globin nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn (abien fi ɔwofo biara hɔ).
- Awosu mu nkwaadɔm abien ho hia na ama wɔayɛ beta globin nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn (baako fi ɔwofo biara hɔ).
Sɛ sintɔ bi wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛyɛ saa alpha anaa beta nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn yi mu a, thalassemia ba. Wogyina awosu mu nkwaadɔm a asɛe dodow so na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea yare no mu yɛ den.
Wogye di sɛ saa awosu mu nsakrae yi sɔree sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so bɔ wɔn ho ban fi asramma ho, titiriw wɔ mmeae te sɛ Afrika, Europa Kesee Fam, ne Asia (a yɛn man no ka ho), baabi a na asramma abu so wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no. Enti, wɔtaa hu thalassemia wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ mmeae yi mu.
Dɛn ne thalassemia ahorow atitiriw?
Wobetumi akyekyɛ thalassemia mu ayɛ no dodow atitiriw pii a egyina sɛnea yare no mu yɛ den so. Ɛne sɛ, ebetumi afi tebea (su) a enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara so, akosi ketewaa, mfinimfini, ne kɛse so. Ɔkwan a emu yɛ den sen biara, Thalassemia Major, taa hwehwɛ sɛ wɔkɔ so sa yare.
Wɔakyekyɛ thalassemia mu ayɛ no ahorow atitiriw abien, a egyina sɛ ebia awosu mu sintɔ no wɔ alpha nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn anaa beta nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no mu so.
1. Alpha Thalassemia a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
2. Beta Thalassemia a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
Momma yɛnte saa ahorow abien yi ase nkɔ akyiri mfi pon a ɛwɔ ase ha no so.
| Thalassemia type | Nkɛntɛnso a awosu mu nneɛma nya | Yare no su ne ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow |
|---|---|---|
| Alpha Thalassemia a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu | ||
| Mfomso a ɛwɔ awosu mu abɔde biako mu | Mfomso bi a ɛwɔ alpha globin awosu mu nkwaadɔm 4 no mu 1 mu. | Nsɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ. Mpɛn pii no, saa nkurɔfo yi yɛ wɔn a wɔde yare no kɔ kɛkɛ. |
| Awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu sintɔ abien | Mfomso bi a ɛwɔ alpha globin awosu mu nkwaadɔm 4 no mu 2 mu. | Ebia wunni yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara, anaasɛ wubetumi ada mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den koraa adi (te sɛ ɔbrɛ a emu nyɛ den). |
| Awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu sintɔ abiɛsa (Hemoglobin H yare) . | Mfomso bi a ɛwɔ alpha globin awosu mu nkwaadɔm 4 biara mu 3 mu. | Nsɛnkyerɛnne no fi nea ɛkɔ fam kosi nea emu yɛ den. Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu no kɔ so tra ase wɔ nkwa nna nyinaa mu. |
| Mfomso a ɛwɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm anan no nyinaa mu | Alpha globin awosu mu nkwaadɔm 4 no nyinaa nni mfomso. | Tebea a emu yɛ den yiye. Mpɛn pii no, akokoaa no wu wɔ awotwaa mu anaa n’awo akyi bere tiaa bi. |
| Beta Thalassemia a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu | ||
| Mfomso a ɛwɔ awosu mu abɔde biako mu (Beta thalassemia minor) . | Mfomso bi a ɛwɔ beta globin awosu mu nkwaadɔm 2 no mu 1 mu. | Wohu mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den. Nnipa pii tra ase wɔ apɔwmuden mu sɛ wɔn a wɔde yare no kɔ. |
| Mfomso a ɛwɔ awosu abien no nyinaa mu (Beta thalassemia major / Cooley’s Anemia) . | Beta globin awosu mu nkwaadɔm abien no nyinaa asɛe. | Nsɛnkyerɛnne no fi mfinimfini kosi kɛse. Wɔfrɛ tebea a emu yɛ den sen biara no Cooley mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔkɔ so sa yare. |
Dɛn ne thalassemia ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ebetumi aba?
Nsɛnkyerɛnne a wubehu no gyina thalassemia ko a wowɔ ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so.
Nsɛm a enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara
Sɛ wowɔ alpha gene mu sintɔ biako anaa tebea a emu nyɛ den te sɛ beta thalassemia minor a, ebia worennya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara koraa . Anaasɛ ebia wobɛte biribi te sɛ ɔbrɛ kakra nka.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den na ɛkɔ fam
Wɔ tebea horow a emu nyɛ den te sɛ beta thalassemia intermedia mu no, wɔ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den akyi no, nea edidi so yi betumi aba:
- Mmofra nyin nkakrankakra.
- Mmabunbere a ɛkyɛ.
- Nnompe a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so (e.g. nnompe mu yare).
- Akisikuru a ɛtrɛw (eyi yɛ akwaa a ɛko tia nyarewa).
Nsɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den
Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den te sɛ sintɔ a ɛwɔ alpha awosu mu nkwaadɔm abiɛsa mu (Hemoglobin H yare) anaa beta thalassemia major (Cooley mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu) mu no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi ansa na abofra no adi mfe 2. Wɔ atifi hɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no akyi no, wobetumi ahu nea edidi so yi:
- Aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera.
- Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa kɔkɔɔ (te sɛ jaundice).
- Nsu a ɛyɛ tuntum a ne kɔla te sɛ tii .
- Anim nnompe a enyin wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi ahu yare yi pɛpɛɛpɛ?
Wɔtaa hu thalassemia a ɛkɔ fam ne nea emu yɛ den wɔ mmofraase. Eyi te saa efisɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne fi ase da adi wɔ abofra nkwa nna mu mfe abien a edi kan no mu. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow na ama wɔahu yare no.
- Mogya Dodow a Edi Mu (CBC): Eyi kyerɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow, ne kɛse, ne hemoglobin dodow. Nnipa a wɔwɔ thalassemia no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw no sua, na ebia wɔn kɛse sua.
- Iron dodow mu nhwehwɛmu: Saa sɔhwɛ yi ho hia na ama wɔahu nsonsonoe a ɛda iron a enni nipadua mu ne thalassemia ntam.
- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: Wɔde nhwehwɛmu yi di dwuma titiriw de hu beta thalassemia.
- Awosu mu Nhwehwɛmu: Wɔde nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi si alpha thalassemia so dua na wohu wɔn a wɔde yare no ba.
Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa thalassemia?
Ayaresa a wobetumi apaw no gyina sɛnea tebea no mu yɛ den so. Mpɛn pii no, nsɛm a emu nyɛ den no nhia ayaresa. Nanso, ayaresa atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa nsɛm a emu yɛ den.
- Mogya a Wɔde Ma: Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ‘mogya a wɔde ma’ . Wɔde mogya a efi obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden mu fa ntini bi mu ma ɔyarefo no na ama mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw ne hemoglobin dodow asan aba. Ayarefo a wɔwɔ beta thalassemia major no hia sɛ wɔma wɔn mogya daa, mpɛn pii no adapɛn 2-4 biara.
- Iron Chelation Therapy: Mogya a wɔtaa de ma no betumi ama iron dodow akɔ soro a ɛho nhia wɔ nipadua no mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ ‘dade a ɛboro so’. Saa dade a ɛboro so yi betumi asɛe akwaa te sɛ koma ne mmerɛbo. Enti, wɔfrɛ nnuru a eyi dade a ɛboro so yi fi nipadua no mu no ‘iron chelation’. Wobetumi anom eyinom wɔ aduruyɛ mu.
- Folic Acid a Wɔde Ka Ho: Wɔde folic acid ma na aboa nipadua no ma ayɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw.
- Nnompe mu Ntini a Wɔde Ma: Eyi nkutoo ne ayaresa a ebetumi asa thalassemia koraa . Nanso, ɛyɛ oprehyɛn a asiane wom kɛse na ɛyɛ den. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden a ɔde ma a ɔne ɔyarefo no hyia koraa, mpɛn pii no ɔyɛ onua.
Sua nsɛnnennen, ayaresa, ne nkwa nna ho ade.
Sɛ wɔansa no yiye a, ɔhaw titiriw a ɛba ne koma, mmerɛbo, ne ntini a ɛma hormone no sɛe, titiriw esiane dade a ɛboro so nti. Enti, sɛnea wɔahyɛ noIron chelation ayaresa ho hia yiye.
Ɛwom sɛ wobetumi de nnompe mu ntini a wɔde bɛma obi foforo asa yare no de, nanso ɛnyɛ obiara na obetumi ayɛ saa ayaresa yi esiane sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobenya obi a ɔfata a ɔde bɛma ne asiane ahorow a ɛwɔ oprehyɛn no mu nti.
Wɔ nkwa nna ho no, sɛ wowɔ thalassemia minor a, wubetumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ wubenya nkwa nna a ɛfata koraa. Sɛ wowɔ yare a ɛkɔ fam anaasɛ emu yɛ den mpo a, sɛ wudi ayaresa a wɔakyerɛw ama wo (mogya a wɔde ma ne dade a woyi) akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wowɔ hokwan pa sɛ wobɛtra ase akyɛ na woanya apɔwmuden . Komayare ne ade titiriw a ɛde owu ba. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ woyɛ aduru a wɔde yi dade fi mu a wonhuruw.
So wobetumi asiw yare no ano? Na ɔhwɛ a ɛkɔ so a ehia nso
Thalassemia yɛ awosu mu yare, enti yɛrentumi nsiw ano. Nanso, awosu mu nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa wo ma woahu sɛ wo anaa wo hokafo no yɛ obi a ɔwɔ thalassemia awosu mu nkwaadɔm no anaa. Sɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛwo ba a, ɛho hia sɛ wuhu saa nsɛm yi. Sɛ wopɛ afotu foforo a, kɔ awosu ho ɔfotufo anaa wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn.
Sɛ wowɔ thalassemia a, ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu (CBC) daa na wɔhwɛ sɛnea iron dodow te. Ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛkamfo akyerɛ wo sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔnyɛ wo koma ne wo mmerɛbo dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu pɛnkoro afe biara.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Thalassemia nyɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba, ɛyɛ awosu mu tebea a wonya fi awofo hɔ.
- Saa yare yi betumi afi tebea a ɛde ɔyare no ba a enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara so akosi tebea a emu yɛ den a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔsa yare bere nyinaa so.
- Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ayarefo a wɔwɔ thalassemia major no betumi atra ase akyɛ na wɔanya apɔwmuden no, mogya a wɔde ma daa ne ayaresa a wɔde yi dade fi mu ho hia.
- Sɛ thalassemia wɔ w’abusua mu a, nyansa wom sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛka ho asɛm na woayɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ansa na woawo.
- Mmu w’ani ngu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔbrɛ ne honam ani hwɛbea so. Hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu bere nyinaa.
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