So wunim saa ɔkɔre ketewaa a ɔwɔ wo kɔn mu no ho asɛm? Momma yɛnka thyroid ntini no ho asɛm!

So woasusuw akwaa ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntontom a ɛwɔ wo kɔn anim wɔ were no ase pɛɛ no ​​ho pɛn? Ɛno ne thyroid ntini no. Ɛyɛ yɛn nipadua no fã a ɛyɛ nwonwa, nanso ɛho hia. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa aberante ketewa yi di yɛn nipadua mu dwumadi ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara no pii so.

Dɛn ne thyroid ntini no? Na dɛn ne endocrine nhyehyɛe no?

Okay, momma yenni kan nte nea saa thyroid gland yi yɛ ase. Madi kan aka sɛ, ɛyɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntontom . Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛwɔ wo kɔn anim, wɔ wo mframa afiri no ase pɛɛ. Eyi yɛ yɛn endocrine nhyehyɛe no fã . Seesei worebisa sɛ, "Dɛn ne endocrine system, oduruyɛfo?" Fa no sɛ, yɛwɔ adwumayɛbea nketewa akuwakuw bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Saa adwumayɛbea ahorow yi yɛ nnuru titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no hormone . Saa adwumayɛbea ahorow no ntam nkitahodi ne nea yɛfrɛ no endocrine system. Nkwammoaa a saa ntini ahorow yi yɛ no kɔ mogya no mu tẽẽ, na ɛkɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa, na ɛde nkrasɛm kɔ akwaa ahorow, honam ani, ne ntini ahorow mu. Wɔte sɛ abɔfo wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Wɔkyerɛ yɛn nipadua nea ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ. Ntini afoforo bi a ɛyɛ yɛn endocrine nhyehyɛe no fã ni:

• Hypothalamus a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Pituitary ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Parathyroid ntini ahorow
• Adrenal ntini ahorow
• Pineal ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Pancreas a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Ovaries (wɔ mmea mu) .
• Testes (ɔbarima) .

Adwuma titiriw a thyroid ntini no yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛhwɛ yɛn nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no so . "Metabolism" kyerɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so dan aduan a yedi no ma ɛbɛyɛ ahoɔden kɛkɛ. Yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa biara hia ahoɔden na ama atumi ayɛ adwuma. Thyroid no na ɛhwɛ sɛnea wɔyɛ saa ahoɔden no ntɛmntɛm na wɔde di dwuma no so.

Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ wo thyroid no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, ebetumi aka wo nipadua nyinaa. Enti ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohu eyi.

Dɛn na ɛrekɔ so wɔ me thyroid no ho?

Sɛ́ endocrine gland no, thyroid no yɛ hormone ahorow pii na eyi fi mu. Eyinom ne:

• Thyroxine (T4) a wɔde di dwuma: .Eyi ne hormone titiriw a thyroid no yɛ. Nanso, ɛnka nipadua no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no tẽẽ. Sɛ T4 hyɛn mogya no mu wie a, ɛnam adeyɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no `deiodination` so dane no yɛ T3.
• Triiodothyronine (T3): Nkwammoaa no ma T3 sua sen T4. Nanso, ɛyɛ T3 hormone no na enya nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra so nkɛntɛnso kɛse .
• Reverse triiodothyronine (RT3): Wɔyɛ eyi kakraa bi pɛ. RT3 dan T3 adeyɛ no akyi.
• Calcitonin: Saa hormone yi boa ma calcium dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no yɛ adwuma yiye.

Sɛ thyroid ntini no bɛyɛ saa thyroid hormone ahorow yi a, ehia ade bi a wɔfrɛ no iodine . Yenya iodine fi aduan (titiriw nkyene a iodized wom) ne nsu mu. Thyroid gland no fa saa iodine yi na ɛdan no thyroid hormone ahorow. Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ iodine pii wɔ wo nipadua mu anaasɛ ɛsua dodo a, ebetumi aka thyroid hormone dodow a ɛyɛ no. Thyroid hormone ahorow ka nneɛma te sɛ:

• Sɛnea yɛn nipadua de ahoɔden di dwuma ( metabolism ) .
• Koma a ɛbɔ
• Ahome a wɔhome
• Nnuan a wɔyam
• Nipadua mu hyew
• Amemene no nkɔso
• Adwene mu dwumadi
• Wora ne nnompe a wɔhwɛ so yiye
• Awo a wɔde ma

Akwaa ne ntini afoforo bɛn na ɛne thyroid ntini no wɔ abusuabɔ?

Yɛn endocrine nhyehyɛe no yɛ nkitahodi a ɛyɛ den yiye. Ntini ne hormone pii yɛ adwuma wɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne a efi ntini ne hormone afoforo mu so. Afei nso, hormone ahorow bi tumi siw hormone afoforo ano. Nhyehyɛe bi a ɛyɛ den yiye nso wɔ hɔ a wɔde hwɛ sɛnea thyroid hormone dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no so. Nea edi kan no, hypothalamus a ɛyɛ yɛn amemene no fã no ma hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) fi adi. Saa TRH yi kɔ kanyan yɛn pituitary gland , a ɛma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) no fã bi. Afei saa TSH yi kanyan nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ thyroid ntini no mu no ma ɛyɛ T4 ne T3 hormone. Nanso, sɛ eyi betumi ayɛ adwuma a, ɛsɛ sɛ iodine a ɛdɔɔso wɔ nipadua no mu. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ thyroid gland ne ne hormone ahorow no ka yɛn nipadua mu nhyehyɛe biara. Sɛ yɛde nhwɛso kakraa bi bɛma a:

• Koma ne ntini nhyehyɛe: Thyroid boa ma yɛhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya dodow a yɛn koma bɔ (koma a ɛba), koma a ɛbɔ, ne ahoɔden a yɛn koma no twetwe no so.
• Ntini a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma:Sɛ thyroid no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa ntini ahorow ho betumi aba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, akisikuru , akisikuru , ɛyaw, ne ɔhyew nkate wɔ mmeae bi. Afei nso, sɛ thyroid no dwumadi so tew (hypothyroidism) a, adwenemhaw betumi aba, na sɛ ɛkɔ soro (hyperthyroidism) a, dadwen betumi aba.
• Digestive system: Thyroid nso ka ho bi na ɔkwan a aduan a yedi fa so fa digestive tract (gastrointestinal motility) no mu.
• Awo nhyehyɛe: Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ thyroid no ho a, mmea brayɛ betumi ayɛ nea ɛnkɔ so daa na awo ho haw betumi aba.

So obi betumi atra ase a onni thyroid gland?

Yiw, wubetumi. Nanso, ebehia sɛ wonom nnuru a wɔde si hormone ananmu wo nkwa nna nyinaa na ama woanya apɔwmuden na woakwati nsunsuanso bɔne. Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ de yi thyroid gland a wɔfrɛ no thyroidectomy , yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔtaa yɛ ma thyroid tebea horow bi.

Ɛhe na thyroid ntini no wɔ? Dɛn ne n’afã horow? Ɛsõ dɛn?

Sɛnea madi kan aka no, thyroid ntini no wɔ wo kɔn anim, wɔ wo mframa afiri (trachea) atifi pɛɛ . Ɛte sɛ ntontom – a ketewa bi wɔ mfinimfini na ntaban akɛse abien a ɛtrɛw wɔ afã abien no nyinaa. Mpɛn pii no, wontumi nhu thyroid gland a ɛte apɔw (ɛnyɛ sɛ akuru a ɛwɔ wo kɔn mu), na sɛ wode wo nsateaa a ɛwɔ wo kɔn anim ka no a, wuntumi nte nka. Thyroid ntini no wɔ afã atitiriw abien: ntini abien (ntini) ne mfinimfini fã a ɛka ntini abien yi bom (thyroid isthmus) . Eyi yɛ thyroid follicle nkwammoaa (thyrocytes), a ɛyɛ thyroid hormone (titiriw T3 ne T4) na ɛkora so , ne C-cells , a ɛyɛ hormone calcitonin. Thyroid ntini no tenten bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 2 . Mpɛn pii no, wontumi nhu thyroid ntini a ɛte apɔw na epue fi kɔn no mu. Nanso, aduruyɛ mu tebea horow bi betumi ama thyroid no ayɛ kɛse. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ goiter . Nnipa binom nso frɛ no "goiter." Sɛ wowɔ goiter a, ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ eyinom:

• Kɔn no anim a ɛho ahonhon, wɔ kɔn mu dompe no ase pɛɛ.
• Sɛ obi te nka sɛ ne menewa mu ayɛ den.
• Ɛnne sesa, sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛyɛ dede.

Nyarewa ne tebea horow bɛn na ɛka thyroid ntini no?

Thyroid yare ahorow pii wɔ hɔ. Eyinom abu so yiye. Wobu akontaa sɛ nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 20 wɔ United States nkutoo na wɔwɔ thyroid yare bi. Mmea taa nya thyroid yare sen mmarima mmɔho anum kosi awotwe. Wɔakyekyɛ thyroid yare no mu abien titiriw: nea edi kan ne nea ɛto so abien .

• Wɔ thyroid yare titiriw mu no, yare no fi ase wɔ thyroid ntini no ankasa mu.
• Wɔ thyroid yare a ɛto so abien mu no , yare no fi ase wɔ pituitary gland no mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ntini bi ba wo thyroid so na ɛma ɛyɛ thyroid hormone pii dodo a, ɛyɛ hyperthyroidism titiriw. Nanso, sɛ akisikuru bi ba wo pituitary gland so na ɛma ɛyɛ TSH pii, a ɛkanyan thyroid no ma ɛyɛ hormone pii a, ɛyɛ hyperthyroidism a ɛto so abien.

Tebea atitiriw anan na ɛka thyroid ntini no:

• Hypothyroidism (thyroid ntini a ɛnyɛ adwuma) .
• Hyperthyroidism ( thyroid ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so) .
• Goiter ( thyroid ntini a ayɛ kɛse/goiter) .
• Thyroid kokoram

Hypothyroidism - bere a thyroid ntini no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye

Eyi ba bere a wo thyroid ntini no ntumi nyɛ thyroid hormone a ɛdɔɔso no . Eyi ma wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no bi brɛ ase. Eyi nso yɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba. Ayaresa ahorow wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa no. Nneɛma pii na ɛde hypothyroidism ba:

• Hashimoto yareɛ: Eyi yɛ `autoimmune` yareɛ. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ yɛn ankasa nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ thyroid no so.
• Thyroiditis: Ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu a ɛyɛ hyew.
• Iodine a enni nipadua mu.
• Thyroid a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a wonya fi awo mu.
• Nnuru a wɔde di dwuma boro so ma hyperthyroidism.
• Oprehyɛn a wɔde yi thyroid ntini no fi hɔ.

Hyperthyroidism - bere a thyroid ntini no yɛ adwuma boro so

Eyi ba bere a wo thyroid ntini no yɛ thyroid hormone pii na eyi fi mu no . Eyi ma wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no bi yɛ ntɛmntɛm. Ayaresa ahorow wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa eyi nso. Nneɛma pii na ɛde hyperthyroidism ba:

• Graves yare: Eyi nso yɛ tebea a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa.
• Thyroid ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.
• Ntini mu yare a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew.
• Awo akyi thyroiditis: Thyroid ntini a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛba wɔ awo akyi.
• Iodine a ɛboro so wɔ mogya no mu, a efi aduan anaa nnuru mu.
• Nnuru a wɔde di dwuma boro so ma hypothyroidism.
• Akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram (a ɛnyɛ papa) a ɛwɔ pituitary gland no mu.

Goiter - a ewo thyroid no mu

Goiter yɛ thyroid ntini a ɛtrɛw. Eyi nso abu so kakra. Ɛsono nea ɛde ba no gyina goiter ko a obi anya so:

• Goiters a ɛnyɛ den: Eyinom ba bere a thyroid ntini no ntumi nyɛ hormone a ɛdɔɔso mma nipadua no. Afei thyroid no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛtrɛw de atua sintɔ no ho ka.
• Endemic goiters: Eyinom nya nnipa a wonnya iodine a ɛdɔɔso mfi wɔn aduan mu. Wɔ Sri Lanka no, mprempren tebea yi ho yɛ na efisɛ yɛde iodine ka nkyene a yedi ho.
• Akisikuru a ɛba bere ne bere mu: Mpɛn pii no, biribiara nni hɔ a ɛda adi pefee sɛ ɛde eyinom ba. Ɛtɔ da bi a, nnuru bi te sɛ lithium nso betumi de aba.

Thyroid kokoram

Eyi yɛ kokoram a efi ase wɔ thyroid ntini no mu. Thyroid kokoram dodow no ara ayaresa di yiye kɛse. Mma ɛnhaw wo, wobetumi asa no yare wɔ nsɛm dodow no ara mu. Wɔkyekyɛ thyroid kokoram mu sɛnea nkwammoaa ko a kokoram no fi mu ba no te:

• Papillary: Thyroid kokoram bɛyɛ 80% yɛ saa kokoram yi.
• Follicular: Bɛyɛ 15% na wɔyɛ saa.
• Medullary: Bɛyɛ 2%. Ebia eyi nso fi awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae.
• Anaplastic: Bɛyɛ 2%. Eyi mu yɛ den kakra, nanso ɛnyɛ nea ɛtaa ba.

Dɛn ne kɔkɔbɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya thyroid haw?

Ɛsono thyroid nyarewa ahorow ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow. Nanso, esiane sɛ thyroid di dwuma titiriw wɔ yɛn nipadua mu nneɛma pii te sɛ koma bɔ, nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra, ne ɔhyew a wɔhwɛ so nti, ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi:

• Koma a ɛbɔ so tew anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro.
• Ɔbɛyɛ teateaa anaa srade a ntease biara nnim.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubegyina awɔw anaa ɔhyew ano.
• Adwenemhaw anaa dadwen.
• Mmea brayɛ a ɛnkɔ so daa.

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woayɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ sɛnea wo thyroid no yɛ adwuma.

Dɛn ne nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔtaa yɛ de hwɛ thyroid akwahosan?

Nhwehwɛmu a edi kan na ɛho hia sen biara a wɔde bɛhwɛ wo thyroid akwahosan ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ wo TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) dodow. Eyi betumi ama woanya adwene wɔ hypothyroidism ne hyperthyroidism nyinaa ho. TSH mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛfata no yɛ 0.5 kosi 5.0 mIU/L (milli-international units wɔ lita biara mu). Nanso, eyi betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ lab biara mu, a egyina nneɛma te sɛ wo mfe ne wo nyinsɛn tebea so. Enti fa toto gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛwɔ w’amanneɛbɔ no mu no ho. Ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛhwɛ sɛnea wo T4 ne T3 (thyroid hormone) dodow wɔ wo mogya mu. Sɛ wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkra sɛ wɔnyɛ thyroid scan.Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ CT scan (a wɔde ade ketewaa bi a ahoɔden wom a ahobammɔ wom di dwuma de twa thyroid no mfonini) anaasɛ thyroid ultrasound .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa thyroid nyarewa?

Ayaresa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa thyroid yare. Egyina nea yare no yɛ ne sɛnea emu yɛ den no so. Ayaresa atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• Nnuru a wɔde ma
• Sɛɛgyiri
• Mframa a wɔde sa yare ne nnuru a wɔde sa yare

Nnuru a wɔde ma

Nnuru a wɔde sa thyroid nyarewa:

• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia thyroid: Saa nnuru yi mma thyroid no ntumi nyɛ hormone ahorow. Wɔde ma wɔ hyperthyroidism ho.
• Beta-blockers: Saa nnuru yi di hyperthyroidism (te sɛ koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm) ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so, nanso ɛnsa thyroid yare no ankasa.
• Radioactive iodine: Saa aduru yi sɛe thyroid nkwammoaa, na awiei koraa no ɛsɛe thyroid gland no. Ɛyɛ aduru a wɔde sa hyperthyroidism ne thyroid kokoram.
• Nnuru a wɔde yɛ thyroid hormone: Eyinom yɛ thyroid hormone a wɔayɛ. Wɔde ma de sa hypothyroidism. Ɛsɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔatwa wɔn thyroid anaasɛ wɔn thyroid ntumi nyɛ adwuma esiane radioactive iodine nti no nom nnuru yi wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa.

Sɛɛgyiri

Oprehyɛn titiriw a wɔyɛ ma thyroid yare ne thyroid a wotwa . Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn yi thyroid ntini no nyinaa. Thyroidectomy yɛ aduru a wɔde sa thyroid yare, na ɛno ne ayaresa a edi kan a wɔde sa thyroid kokoram. Oprehyɛn foforo a wobetumi ayɛ ne lobectomy , a woyi thyroid no fã bi pɛ.

Mframa a wɔde sa yare ne nnuru a wɔde sa yare

Eyinom yɛ ayaresa a wobetumi apaw ama thyroid kokoram. Saa ayaresa abien yi nyinaa kunkum kokoram nkwammoaa na esiw wɔn nyin. Nanso, thyroid kokoram dodow no ara nhia mframa a wɔde sa yare anaa nnuru a wɔde sa yare.

Dɛn ne asiane ahorow a ɛma obi nya thyroid yare?

Thyroid yare abu so na ebetumi aka nnipa a wɔadi mfe biara. Nanso, nneɛma bi betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya thyroid yare no ayɛ kɛse:

• Sɛ obi wɔ abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔwɔ thyroid yare (agyapade mu abusuabɔ).
• Sɛ obi wɔ yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, te sɛ asikreyare a ɛto so 1, ntini mu yare, anaa lupus.
• Aduru a iodine pii wom a wobɛnom.
• Sɛ́ woadi boro mfe 60, titiriw sɛ woyɛ ɔbea a.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi ama me thyroid ayɛ yiye?

Nea wuhia na ama wo thyroid akɔ so ayɛ yiyeƆkwan titiriw ne sɛ wubenya iodine a ɛdɔɔso afi nnuan a wudi no mu. Thyroid hia iodine na ama ayɛ thyroid hormone ahorow. Asɛmpa no ne sɛ nnipa dodow no ara nya iodine a ɛdɔɔso fi nkyene a wɔde iodine ayɛ ne nnuan a wɔde iodine aka ho mu. Nnuan afoforo a iodine wom:

• Kyiisi
• Nantwi nufusu
• Nkwaa a wɔde yɛ nkesua
• Yogurt a wɔde yɛ adwuma
• Po mu mpataa
• Akutu, te sɛ krak ne shrimp
• Po mu nwura
• Soya nufusu
• Soya a wɔde yɛ aduan

Nanso, sɛ obi nom iodine pii a, ɛnyɛ papa na ebetumi nso de ɔhaw aba. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen bi wɔ wo thyroid akwahosan ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ me ne oduruyɛfo kasa fa me thyroid ho?

Sɛ worehu thyroid yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ nsakrae a ɛba wo mu duru, wo koma bɔ, anaa wo hyew mu , kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Obetumi ayɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den de ahu sɛ ebia wo thyroid na ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no reba anaa.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Wo thyroid yɛ ntini a ɛho hia yiye wɔ wo endocrine nhyehyɛe mu. Ɛka nneɛma pii wɔ wo nipadua mu. Thyroid yare abu so yiye, na wobetumi asa na wɔasa no kɛse.

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa thyroid yare ho, anaasɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu sɛ ebia wowɔ asiane bi a ɛbɛma woanya thyroid yare a, nsuro anaasɛ ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Wɔwɔ ha sɛ wɔrebɛboa wo. W’akwahosan a wobɛhwɛ so yiye ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara!

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Thyroid, thyroid ntini, hormone, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, thyroid kokoram