Hena ne mogya ho ɔbenfo? Momma yensua eyi ho ade!

So woate `( mogya ho ɔyaresafo )` ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia w’abusua oduruyɛfo de wo kɔɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw a ɔte saa nkyɛn. Sɛ wote saa a, nnipa binom te ehu ne ehu nka kakra, na wosusuw sɛ, "Oh, minnim sɛ ebia mewɔ yare bi a emu yɛ den anaa." Nanso so `(Hematologist)` yɛ obi a ɔhwɛ nyarewa a emu yɛ den te sɛ kokoram bere nyinaa ampa? Momma yɛnka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm pefee.

Hena ne saa `(Hematologist)` yi? Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ``Hematologist'' yɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a ɛfa yɛn mogya, nnompe mu ntini, ne lymphatic system ho . Eyi yɛ subspecialty foforo wɔ aduruyɛ mu a ɛtrɛw a wɔfrɛ no ``Internal medicine.'' Sɛnea nnuruyɛfo a wɔatew wɔn ho wɔ hɔ a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow mu wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no, eyi ne biribiara a ɛfa mogya ho ho ɔbenfo.

Dɛn na `(Hematologist)` yɛ?

Saa animdefo yi boa ma wohu nyarewa ahorow a ɛka yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa no, wɔsa, na wodi ho dwuma. Mogya mu nyarewa yi bi betumi ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ hu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ kokoram. Ebi nso betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ hu.

Susuw ho hwɛ, mogya mu nyarewa bi betumi asɛe yɛn mogya no, sɛ nhwɛso no, mogya mu ntini betumi asi. Nyarewa afoforo bi nso betumi ama mogya atu asen sɛnea ɛte daa. Ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa nyarewa ne mogya mu kokoram yi da sɛnkyerɛnne nketenkete adi de, nanso ebinom yɛ tebea horow a emu yɛ den a ebetumi de nkwa mpo ato asiane mu. Ɛno nti na oduruyɛfo titiriw bi a ɔte sɛ eyi mmoa ho hia no.

So ``Hematologist'' ne ``Oncologist'' yɛ ade koro?

Eyi yɛ asɛmmisa a nnipa pii wɔ. Dabi, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na nnipa baanu yi yɛ onipa koro. Nanso, ``Hematologist`` nso betumi ayɛ kokoram ho ɔbenfo ``Oncologist``.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a:

• Kokoram ho ɔbenfo bi (`( Oncologist yɛ obi a ohu kokoram ahorow nyinaa na ɔsa.
• Mogya ho oduruyɛfo de n’adwene si ɔhaw ahorow a ɛka yɛn mogya ne nipadua no afã horow a ɛboa ma yɛyɛ mogya (te sɛ nnompe mu ntini ne ntini a ɛma mogya tu) so titiriw.

Nanso, abɔde mu abusuabɔ bi wɔ saa mfuw abien yi ntam. Esiane sɛ mogya mu kokoram dodow no ara fi ase wɔ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nnompe mu ntini ne ntini mu nti, nnuruyɛfo binom wɔ ntetee titiriw wɔ nnwuma abien no nyinaa mu (`(Hematology/Oncology)`).

Sɛ wokɔ mogya ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram?

Dabi, ɛnte saa koraa!Eyi yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem. Esiane sɛ wɔde wo akɔ mogya ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn nti nkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram .

Mogya ho animdefo sa mogya mu nyarewa ahorow nyinaa. Ebia w’abusua oduruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ mogya ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wowɔ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu bi a ɛyɛ soronko a. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ nsakrae bi ba wo mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow mu anaasɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe no mu a. Ma ɛntra w’adwenem sɛ ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na mogya mu nhwehwɛmu atitiriw yi yɛ yare a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ Mogya Ho Oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Mpɛn pii no, wo duruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo titiriw no de wo bɛkɔ mogya ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wɔte nka sɛ nea efi wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mu bae no hia afotu foforo a efi animdefo hɔ a. Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, nea efi mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw mu ba nkutoo ntumi nhu tebea bi a emu yɛ den. Eyi nti na sɔhwɛ foforo ne afotu a ɛyɛ animdefo ho hia no.

Dɛn ne mogya mu nyarewa a ɛtaa ba?

Mogya ho hia na ama yɛn nipadua atra ase. Susuw ho hwɛ:

• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ de mframa pa kɔ yɛn nipadua mu ntini ahorow mu na ɛma ahoɔden.
• Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa boa yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ko tia nyarewa.
• Ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no boa ma mogya a ɛba no so tew na egyae.
• Plasma ne nsu a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa yi bom.

Enti, sɛ wowɔ mogya mu yare bi a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo mogya no fã biako anaa nea ɛboro saa ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Mogya mu yare ahorow bi nyɛ kokoram, nanso ebetumi ayɛ aniberesɛm.

Mogya mu nyarewa/tebea horow a ɛnyɛ kokoram (Benign).

Eyinom nyɛ kokoram, na mmom nyarewa a ɛka mogya no. Momma yɛnhwɛ nhwɛso ahorow bi:

• Monemia : Eyi ba bere a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛdɔɔso nni hɔ a ɛbɛma oxygen akɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu no. Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu no gu ahorow pii, nanso nea abu so sen biara ne mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a dade nnim. Eyi betumi ama woate nka sɛ woabrɛ bere nyinaa na ebetumi mpo ayɛ wo basaa.
• Von Willebrand Yare : Eyi ne mogyatɔw a abu so sen biara wɔ United States.
• Hemophilia : Eyi yɛ mogya mu yare a wonya fi awo mu. Eyi ka tumi a mogya no tumi tu. Opira ketewaa bi mpo betumi ama mogya atɔ no kɛse.
• Sickle cell mogya a ɛtɔ (`(Sickle cell mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu)`) .: Eyi nso yɛ awosu mu yare. Wɔ eyi mu no, sɛnea mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no te sesa, te sɛ nkankyee.
• Thalassemia : Thalassemia nso yɛ mogya mu yare a wonya fi awo mu. Ɛka sɛnea nipadua no tumi yɛ hemoglobin ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw.

Mogya mu kokoram ahorow a abu so

Mogya mu kokoram ahorow pii wɔ hɔ. Sɛnea Leukemia & Lymphoma Society kyerɛ no, mogya mu kokoram ahorow abiɛsa a ɛtaa ba ne:

• Leukemia : Eyi ne mogya mu kokoram a abu so sen biara wɔ United States. Ɛsan nso ne kokoram a abu so sen biara wɔ mmofra ne mmerante ne mmabaa a wɔadu mpanyin afe so mu. Asɛmpa no ne sɛ mfe anum a nnipa a wɔn ho tɔ wɔn wɔ saa yare yi mu nya nkwa no abu abɔ ho mpɛn anan wɔ mfe 40 a atwam no mu.
• Lymphoma : Lymphoma yɛ kokoram a ɛwɔ wo ntini mu. Nnipa a wɔn ho tɔ wɔn wɔ saa yare yi mu no dodow abu abɔ ho abien wɔ mfe 40 a atwam no mu.
• Myeloma : Myeloma yɛ kokoram a efi ase wɔ wo nnompe mu na ɛka plasma nkwammoaa no. Nnipa a wohu sɛ wɔwɔ myeloma no mu bɛboro fã tra ase wɔ mfe anum akyi wɔ bere a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ myeloma no akyi.

Mogya mu kokoram ahorow yi mu biara mu ahorow nketewa afoforo pii wɔ hɔ.

Nhomasua bɛn na ɛho hia na obi abɛyɛ ``(Hematologist)``?

Ɛsɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo biara sua ade mfe anan wɔ aduruyɛ sukuu mu na ama wanya aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa. Sɛ wobɛyɛ ``Hematologist'' a, ɛsɛ sɛ wonya ntetee foforo:

• Mfeɛ mmiɛnsa nteteeɛ a ɛfa tenabea ho (`(Residency)`) : Eyi yɛ aduruyɛ nteteeɛ wɔ adesuawieɛ akyi. Wɔnam ayarefo a wɔne wɔn yɛ adwuma so na ɛyɛ ntetee yi. `(Hematologist)` nnuruyɛfo dodow no ara wie saa residency ntetee yi wɔ `(Internal Medicine)` anaa `(Pediatrics` mu.
• Fellowship: Eyi yɛ mfe abiɛsa kosi anum ntetee titiriw wɔ aduruyɛ mu fã pɔtee bi. Saa bere yi mu no, nnuruyɛfo nya ntetee titiriw wɔ Hematology, anaa mogya mu nyarewa ho. Nnuruyɛfo binom nso yɛ Oncology ntetee ka Hematology ho.

Mogya Ho Adesua Ho Ɔbenfo Ntetee Ahorow

Nnuruyɛfo betumi ayɛ wɔn ho titiriw wɔ mmeae ahorow a ɛfa ``Hematology`` ho:

• Mpanyimfo mogya ho ɔbenfo : Saa ntetee yi ma wofata sɛ wobɛsa mogya mu nyarewa, nnompe mu nyarewa, ne ntini mu nyarewa a ɛka mpanyimfo.
• Pediatric hematology : Sɛnea edin no kyerɛ no, ntetee yi yɛ nea wɔde sa mmofra a wɔwɔ mogya mu nyarewa.
• Coagulation Specialist (`(Coagulation)`) : Saa dwumadibea yi yɛ nyarewa a ɛka mogya a ɛtwetwe no ho adwuma titiriw.
• Mogya mu nyarewa ne mogya mu kokoram ho ɔbenfo (`(Hematology/oncology)`) : Saa ntetee yi ma wofata sɛ wobɛsa mogya mu nyarewa ne mogya mu kokoram nso.

Sɛ nnuruyɛfo wie ntetee titiriw yi a, wɔfata sɛ wonya board adansedi krataa fi Amerika Aduruyɛ a Ɛhwɛ Mmoa mu Aduruyɛ So no hɔ. (Amerika Mmofra Ho Nhwehwɛmu Bagua no ama mmofra mogya ho animdefo adanse.) Nea ɛka ho no, ɛsɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo biara twa United States Aduruyɛ Tumi Krataa Nhwehwɛmu no mu na onya tumi krataa fi ɔman a wɔyɛ adwuma wom no hɔ. Wɔ Sri Lanka no, wɔfa nhyehyɛe a ɛte saa ara a wogye tom so na ɛbɔ animdefo.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan bere a wokɔ ``(Hematologist)`` nkyɛn no?

Worekɔ mogya ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn efisɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ biribi a ɛne wo mogya mu nkwammoaa wɔ abusuabɔ. Ebia wo mogya ho ɔbenfo nso akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na ama woahu wo mogya ho nsɛm pii. Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ɔbɛyɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Bisa w'akwahosan nyinaa ho asɛm .
• Bisa nsakrae a aba wo nipadua mu nnansa yi ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow (a ebia ɛyɛ mogya mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne) ho asɛm.
• Me ne wo bɛhwɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu aba no mu.
• Ɔkyerɛkyerɛ nea osusuw sɛ ɛno nti na saa nneɛma no ba no mu.
• Wɔbɛka sɔhwɛ afoforo a ebia wubehia ho asɛm .
• Sɛ otumi hu yare no a, ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ yare no mu na wakamfo ayaresa akyerɛ .

Dɛn ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ?

Yɛn mogya no wɔ nneɛma pii. Nnuruyɛfo betumi asɔ mogya no nyinaa ahwɛ, anaasɛ wobetumi asɔ mogya no afã horow ahwɛ wɔ ɔkwan soronko so. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi a wɔtaa yɛ a mogya ho ɔbenfo betumi ahyɛ de ahu mogya mu yare anaa mogya mu kokoram bi ni:

• Mogya dodow a edi mũ (CBC) : Eyi yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw. Ɛkan wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ.
• Mogya mu nsonsonoe nhwehwɛmu : Eyi hwɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ahorow biara dodow. Wobetumi ayɛ eyi bere koro no ara mu ne CBC.
• Prothrombin time test (PTT) : Eyi sɔ sɛnea wo mogya tu ntɛmntɛm no hwɛ.
• Reticulocyte count : Eyi kyerɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ (reticulocytes) a ɛyɛ nketewa a ennyinii dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.
• Peripheral blood smear (PBS) : Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, nnuruyɛfo de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ne fitaa ne mogya nkwammoaa mu.

Dɛn ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu kokoram?

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu kokoram no yɛ nnwinnade pii a nnuruyɛfo de hu kokoram na wodi ho dwuma no mu biako pɛ. Mogya ho oduruyɛfo betumi de mogya mu nhwehwɛmu adi dwuma de:

• Hwɛ wo mogya mu sɛ ebia nnuru ne protein ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Hwɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow .
• Wo deɛHwɛ akwahosan tebea nyinaa mu.

Sɛ wowɔ mogya mu kokoram a, ebehia sɛ woyɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu foforo. Wo duruyɛfo (hematologist) de nhwehwɛmu a efii mu bae yi bedi dwuma de:

• Kokoram a wɔde si hɔ no boa ma wohu baabi a kokoram no wɔ . Sɛ nnuruyɛfo de kokoram bi si hɔ a, wɔhwɛ sɛnea akisikuru no kɛse ne baabi a ɛwɔ. Wɔde saa nsɛm no di dwuma de kokoram no gu ɔfã pɔtee bi, anaa ɔfã pɔtee bi a wɔde nɔma ne nkyerɛwde akyerɛw so. Kokoram a wɔde di dwuma wɔ gyinabea no na ɛma kokoram ayaresa kwan.
• Osi kokoram ayaresa a wobetumi apaw ho gyinae .
• Ɛhwehwɛ sɛ ebia yare no ho yɛ den anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɛse bere tenten ne/anaasɛ bere a wɔde sa yare no.
• Ɛkyerɛ sɛ kokoram no asan aba (`(ɛsan ba bio)`) .

Nsɛmmisa bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me mogya ho ɔyaresafo?

Worekɔ mogya ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn efisɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ biribi asɛe wɔ wo mogya mu. Enti wowɔ nsɛmmisa pii. Nsɛmmisa bi a wubetumi asusuw ho ni:

• Dɛn na me mogya mu nhwehwɛmu daa no adi?
• Dɛn na saa nneɛma a efi mu ba no kyerɛ?
• Me tebea te dɛn?
• So tebea yi yɛ aniberesɛm?
• Dɛn na ɛde tebea yi ba?
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ yiye?
• Sɛ mihu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?
• So ebehia sɛ meyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu pii anaa nhwehwɛmu afoforo?
• Dɛn na wowɔ anidaso sɛ wubenya afi sɔhwɛ ahorow yi mu?
• Bere bɛn na menya sɔhwɛ no mu aba?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo akyiri yi?
• Ayaresa bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ me? Adɛn?
• Bere bɛn na mifi ase sa yare? Ɛbɛkɔ so akyɛ ahe?
• Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mihu fa nnuru a worekyerɛw ama wo no ho?
• So nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?
• Asiane ne mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ saa ayaresa yi so?
• So ayaresa afoforo wɔ hɔ a wobetumi apaw?

Worekɔ mogya ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn efisɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow kyerɛ sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa, nnompe mu ntini, anaa ntini a ɛma mogya tu no nyɛ adwuma yiye. Ebia wobɛte ehu nka bere a wokɔ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ mogya mu nyarewa, a mogya mu kokoram ka ho. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa wo nhwehwɛmu aba ho a, bisa wo mogya ho ɔyaresafo no ho asɛm ne nea ɔreyɛ na ama woahu nea ɛde ba. N’ani begye ho sɛ obebua wo nsɛmmisa na wakyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi. Nsuro sɛ wobɛbisa biribiara a ɛba w’adwene mu. Ɛyɛ wo hokwan.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

``Hematologist`` yɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a ɛfa mogya ho, efi mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ mogya mu so kosi mogya mu kokoram so. Sɛ wɔde wo kɔ ``Hematologist`` nkyɛn a, ɛnkyerɛ bere nyinaa sɛ wowɔ kokoram. Mpɛn pii no, wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea efi mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi mu ba no mu kɔ akyiri.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa pefee na woabisa nsɛm biara a wowɔ. W’akwahosan tebea ho ntease pa a wubenya no ho hia yiye na ama w’ayaresa no ayɛ yiye. Enti nsuro, nya nsɛm a wuhia.

` Mogya mu nyarewa, mogya ho animdefo, mogya mu kokoram, mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, mogya mu kokoram, lymphoma, mogya mu nhwehwɛmu