So worehyia ɔhaw wɔ wo yafunu anaa wo dwensɔtwaa mu? Momma yɛnka yafunu mu ɔyaresafo ho asɛm!

Ɛtɔ da bi a, yenya yafunu mu haw ahorow. Yafunu mu yɛ yɛn yaw, yɛte nka sɛ yɛn ho ayɛ yɛn hyew, yɛte nka sɛ yentumi nwe aduan... Ɛyɛ ahometew ankasa bere a nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ kɔ so si no, ɛnte saa? Enti, so wunim sɛ oduruyɛfo bi wɔ hɔ a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a ɛfa aduan a wɔyam no ho? Wɔfrɛ saa oduruyɛfo no sɛ yafunu mu ɔyaresafo . Momma yɛnka ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ.

Hena ne yafunu mu ɔyaresafo?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, yafunu mu ɔyaresafo yɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a ɛwɔ wo aduan mu – kyerɛ sɛ, akwaa a ɛka aduan mu nyinaa ho. Wodi kan tete wɔn ho sɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔhwɛ ayarefo nyinaa. Bere a wɔde bɛyɛ mfe abiɛsa akɔ aduruyɛ sukuu akyi no, wonya osuahu wɔ nyarewa ahorow nyinaa a wɔsa mu. Afei, sɛ wɔbɛyɛ yafunu mu ɔyaresafo a, ɛsɛ sɛ wosua ade pɔtee mfe abiɛsa bio. Awiei koraa no, wonya adansedi krataa titiriw bi. Eyi ne nea ɛka sɛ wɔyɛ nyarewa a ɛwɔ aduan mu no ho abenfo . Afei nso, wɔwɔ ahwehwɛde soronko a wɔde bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa ahorow bi a nnuruyɛfo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ nyinaa nyɛ, na wɔte nea efi saa nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa ahorow no mu ba no ase.

So oduruyɛfo bi wɔ hɔ a ɔhwɛ mmofra nkumaa aduan mu? (Mmofra Yafunu Ho Ɔbenfo) .

Yiw, ɛwɔ hɔ ankasa. Yɛfrɛ wɔn `(Pediatric Gastroenterologist)`. Wɔdi kan tete saa nnuruyɛfoɔ yi sɛ `(Mmofra oduruyɛfoɔ)`. Afei wonya bɛyɛ mfe abiɛsa foforo ntetee titiriw wɔ aduan a wɔyam no mu. Wɔde wɔn adwene si nkokoaa, mmofra nkumaa, ne mmofra nkumaa aduan a wɔyam ne mmerɛbo mu nyarewa so kɛse . Wɔdwene mmofra aduan pa ho titiriw. Wɔatete saa nkurɔfo yi titiriw ma wɔahu mmofra yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne na wɔahwɛ wɔn nipadua nketewa no mu.

Nipadua no afã horow bɛn na yafunu mu ɔyaresafo de n’adwene si so?

Sɛ wote saa din yi a – (Gastroenterologist) – ‘Gastro’ kyerɛ yafunu , ‘entero’ kyerɛ dwensɔtwaa . 'ologist' kyerɛ ɔbenfo a ɔyɛ ɔbenfo. Enti, titiriw no, yafunu ne dwensɔtwaa. Nanso, yɛn aduan mu nhyehyɛe no sõ sen saa koraa.

Susuw ho hwɛ, nhyehyɛe yi fi ase fi anom pɛɛ bere a yedidi no.

Nea edi hɔ , menewa, aduannuru, yafunu , dwensɔtwaa ketewa , ne dwensɔtwaa kɛse yɛ ne dea.

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom akwaa a ɛma mogya ne aduan mu nneɛma a ɛboa ma wɔyam aduan no nso ka ho. Wɔne:

• Brɛboɔ
• Gallbladder (beae a wɔboaboa bile a efi mmerɛbo mu ano na wɔkora so) .
• Pancreas a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Bile ducts (nsu a ɛde bile kɔ) .

Enti yafunu mu ɔyaresafo hwehwɛ nyarewa a ɛba akwaa yi nyinaa mu .

Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkɔ yafunu mu ɔyaresafo nkyɛn?

Asɛmmisa pa. Ebia wowɔ aduan mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne (sɛ nhwɛso no, yafunu mu yaw, akisikuru, akisikuru), nanso ebia w’abusua oduruyɛfo a wotaa yɛ no rentumi nhu, anaasɛ nnuru a wɔkyerɛw ma wo no rentumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Sɛ ɛba saa a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw bi nkyɛn.

Anaasɛ, sɛ wunim dedaw sɛ wowɔ aduan mu yare a emu yɛ den (te sɛ IBD) a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw bi nkyɛn na wanya ayaresa a eye sen biara.

Esiane sɛ nnuruyɛfo atitiriw yi reyɛ nhwehwɛmu, reyɛ nhwehwɛmu, na wɔasɔ nyarewa ahorow yi ahwɛ bere nyinaa nti, wotumi hu yare no yiye na wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm, na wɔsa no a ɔhaw kakraa bi na ɛba .

Dɛn ne nyarewa atitiriw a yafunu mu ɔyaresafo sa?

Nyarewa pii wɔ hɔ . Ma yɛnhwɛ emu atitiriw no bi.

Yafunu mu nyarewa:

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), yare a ɛma obi taa nya akisikuru anaa akisikuru
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (eyi ka Crohn yare ne Ulcerative Colitis ho) .
• Celiac yare , protein gluten a ɛwɔ awi esiam mu no ho akisikuru
• Nkwammoaa a Ɛma Nkwammoaa Kɛse (SIBO) .
• Aduan ho akisikuru ne nnuan ahorow a wontumi nnye ntom
• Yafunu mu akisikuru
• Diverticulitis ( nkotoku nketewa a ɛba dwensɔtwaa kɛse no mu na ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba ) .
• Appendicitis (eyi taa hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn) .
• Nyini nketenkete a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu a wɔfrɛ no ``Colorectal polyps`` (ɛho hia sɛ woyi eyinom fi hɔ efisɛ ebetumi adan kokoram) .
• Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew

Nyarewa a ɛwɔ aduan mu:

• Nsɛnnennen a ɛma obi mene ade
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) yɛ tebea a yafunu mu acid a ɛba soro kɔ esophagus mu (yɛfrɛ eyi nso acid reflux).
• Esophagitis a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Hiatal hernias ( yafunu no fã bi a ɛpuepue kɔ koko mu ) .

mmerɛbo mu nyarewa:

• Mmerɛbo mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba (sɛ nhwɛso no, mmerɛbo mu yare B, C) .
• Mmerɛbo a ɛsɛe esiane awuduru nti (Toxic hepatitis) .
• Mmerɛbo mu yare a srade wom
• Cirrhosis ( mmerɛbo a ɛyɛ den ) .

Pancreatic, biliary ne gallbladder nyarewa: .

• Abo a wɔde yɛ akisikuru
• Cholecystitis a ɛma obi ho kyere no
• Pancreatitis a ɛyɛ yare

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ yafunu mu ɔyaresafo?

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ woka kyerɛ oduruyɛfo titiriw bi sɛ:

• Yafunu mu yaw
• Yafunu a ɛho ayɛ kurukuruwa
• Nnuan a wɔyam ho haw, aduan a wontumi nnyae
• Gas ne gas a ɛyɛ yaw
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe
• Mogya a ɛba akyi berɛmo mu (eyi betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa tuntum) .
• Ɔyare a ɛma obi dwensɔ (a wɔtaa de ne ho fi nipadua mu) .
• Contipation anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtow pooping
• Mu duru a ɛso tew anaasɛ mu duru a ɛkɔ soro a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu
• Koma a ɛyɛ yaw (te sɛ nea ɛwɔ GERD mu) .
• Wora ne aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ (Jaundice) .

Dɛn na Gastroenterologist yɛ?

Nea edi kan no, oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo nipadua mu . Wɔde wɔn nsa bɛka wo yafunu, de afiri a wɔde fa nsu mu atie, na ebia wɔde nsateaa mpo bɛhyɛ wo yafunu mu (digital rectal exam).

Afei, wobetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu , nsu mu nhwehwɛmu , anaa abɔnten so mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ X-ray na ama wɔanya nsɛm pii.

Nanso, sɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nkutoo ntumi nhu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wɔatete yafunu mu nnuruyɛfo titiriw ma wɔayɛ endoscopic oprehyɛn ahorow.

Dɛn ne endoscopy?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde afiri tenten bi a ɛyɛ tratraa na ɛyɛ mmerɛw (a wɔfrɛ no endoscope) a mfoninitwa afiri bi abata nipadua no ho bɛhyɛ mu na wɔahwɛ akwaa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no tẽẽ. Eyi betumi ama yɛanya nsɛm pii.

Endoscopy nhwehwɛmu ahorow atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ:

• Upper endoscopy (EGD): Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔde afiri bi a wɔde fa ano no mu hwehwɛ aduannuru, yafunu, ne dwensɔtwaa ketewaa no fã a edi kan (duodenum) mu.
• Small bowel endoscopy (`Enteroscopy`): Wɔde eyi hwɛ dwensɔtwaa ketewa no nyinaa.
• Colonoscopy: Nnipa pii ate eyi ho asɛm. Wɔde afiri bi fa akyi berɛmo no mu na wɔhwehwɛ dwensɔtwaa kɛse (anom) no nyinaa mu.
• Endoscopic ultrasound: Wɔde ultrasound afiri no fã ketewaa bi bata endoscope no awiei na wɔhwehwɛ mu akwaa ahorow (titiriw akisikuru ne dwensɔtwaa) ntini a emu dɔ no mu.
• ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ den kakra. Wɔyɛ no te sɛ atifi endoscopy, na wɔde ade titiriw bi hyɛ bile ntini ne dwensɔtwaa ntini mu na wɔyɛ X-ray.
• Polypectomy: Woyi nyini nketenkete (polyps) a ɛwɔ yafunu anaa dwensɔtwaa mu bere a wɔreyɛ endoscopy no.

Ɛnyɛ sɛ endoscopy nhwehwɛmu boa ma wohu nea yare no yɛ ankasa nko, na mmom ɛwɔ mfaso afoforo nso. Oduruyɛfo no betumi de nnwinnade nketewa afa endoscope no mu na wafa ntini ahorow (biopsies) de akɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Wobetumi nso ayɛ ayaresa nketenkete . Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi atrɛw baabi a asiw, agyae mogya a ɛretu, anaasɛ wɔayi akisikuru nketenkete ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn. Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi ayɛ no ntɛm ara.

So yafunu mu yafunu ho animdefo nso sa kokoram?

Yiw, mpɛn pii no, yafunu ne akyi berɛmo ho oduruyɛfo na odi kan hu kokoram wɔ aduan mu (te sɛ yafunu, dwensɔtwaa, ɛwo, mmerɛbo, dwensɔtwaa, akisikuru). Wobetumi de endoscopy ne biopsy adi dwuma de ahu kokoram a enyin na wɔafa nhwɛsode ahorow de ahyɛ nea wɔahu no so dua.

Sɛ wosi kokoram so dua a, wobetumi ayɛ endoscopic nhwehwɛmu foforo de ahu baabi a atrɛw akodu (a wɔfrɛ no `staging`).

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, yafunu mu yafunu ho animdefo betumi afa endoscope (a wɔtwitwa) so ayi kokoram ahorow bi afi hɔ anaasɛ wɔde laser asɛe no.

Kokoram ahorow a ɛne wɔn wɔ abusuabɔ titiriw ne:

• Yafunu mu kokoram
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ aduan mu
• mmerɛbo mu kokoram
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ dwensɔtwaa mu
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu
• Bile duct kokoram

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom obi a ɔwɔ kokoram foforo nso betumi ahia yafunu mu ɔyaresafo mmoa ma wahwɛ sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ aduan mu, anaasɛ wahwɛ kokoram ayaresa ahorow (e.g., `(Chemotherapy)`, `(Radiation therapy)`) a ɛka aduan mu akisikuru (e.g., ano/dwensɔtwaa mu akuru `(Mucositis)`, `(Radiation enteritis)`, akisikuru, ɔfe, akisikuru, akisikuru, aduannuru a enni hɔ).

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ Gastroenterologist ne Proctologist ntam?

Asɛmmisa pa. Wɔntaa mfa asɛmfua ``proctologist'' nni dwuma nnansa yi. Mmom no, wɔtaa te asɛmfua ``colorectal surgeon '' kɛse.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ``Proctologist'' anaa ``Colorectal surgeon'' yɛ oprehyɛn ho animdefo . Wɔatete wɔn titiriw ma wɔayɛ oprehyɛn wɔ nyarewa a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo, akyi berɛmo, ne akyi berɛmo mu. Wɔde bɛyɛ mfe anum yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde yɛ oprehyɛn nyinaa bere a wɔawie aduruyɛ sukuu, na afei wonya ntetee titiriw wɔ colorectal mpɔtam hɔ.

Nanso, yafunu mu ɔyaresafo yɛ aduruyɛ ho ɔbenfo, na ɛnyɛ oprehyɛn ho ɔbenfo . N’adwuma titiriw ne sɛ obehu nyarewa, de nnuru asa, na wayɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ endoscopy.

Yafunu mu yafunu ho oduruyɛfo betumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn anaasɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn. Nanso ɔnyɛ oprehyɛn no. Ɔde wo kɔ oduruyɛfo bi a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn a ɔyɛ wo kɔla ne akyi berɛmo nkyɛn nkyɛn. Eyi ne nsonsonoe titiriw no.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Yɛn aduan mu nhyehyɛe yɛ akwaa ahorow a ɛyɛ den na ɛka bom. Ɛyɛ adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so daa a ɛma yɛbubu nnuan a yedi, twetwe aduannuru a yehia, na yɛpam nneɛma a wɔsɛe no no. Enti, sɛ biribi ankɔ yiye wɔ nhyehyɛe yi mu a, yɛn nipadua bɛte nka.

Yafunu mu yare ne aduan mu haw abu so kɛse. Nanso ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubehu nea ɛde wɔn ba ankasa. Ɛno ne bere a wuhia oduruyɛfo titiriw mmoa. Yafunu mu yafunu ho oduruyɛfo betumi ate sɛnea akwaa yi nyinaa bom yɛ adwuma no ase, ahu nea enye wɔ wo aduan mu nhyehyɛe no ho ankasa, na wama wo ayaresa a wuhia.

Enti, sɛ wo yafunu mu yɛ wo yaw bere nyinaa anaasɛ wowɔ aduan mu haw ahorow a, nsuro sɛ wobɛkɔ yafunu mu oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Ebetumi ama woanya ahotɔ kɛse.

` Digestive system, gastroenterologist, yafunu mu nyarewa, endoscopy, colonoscopy, mmerɛbo, yafunu