Ɔkwan bɛn so na wo nipadua yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ? Momma yɛnka (Erythropoiesis) ho asɛm!

So woasusuw sɛnea wɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, anaa mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ , yi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho pɛn? Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa, ɛyɛ den, na ɛho hia ma yɛn asetra ampa. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka sɛnea wɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi ho asɛm, wɔ aduruyɛ mu no yɛfrɛ eyi ( Erythropoiesis). Eyi te sɛ adwumayɛbea ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu, na ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ foforo bere nyinaa.

Dɛn ne Erythropoiesis? Dɛn nti na ɛho hia yɛn?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, (Erythropoiesis) yɛ ɔkwan a wo nipadua no fa so yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ (wɔ nnuruyɛ mu no, yɛsan frɛ eyi ``Erythrocytes''). Saa adeyɛ yi ne nea ɛma yɛn nipadua nya mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛfata – ɛnyɛ kakraa bi dodo, ɛnyɛ pii dodo. Susuw sɛnea mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi ho hia yɛn nipadua no ho hwɛ!

Wɔne:

• Sɛ yɛhome a, mframa pa kɔ ahurututu mu na ɛkɔ nipadua no mu ntini ne nkwammoaa foforo biara mu. Ɛte sɛ posɔfesefo nketewa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.
• Afei nso, carbon dioxide a ɛba yɛn nipadua mu ntini mu no san ba ahurututu no mu, na sɛ yɛhome a, wɔtwe mframa no.

Enti woahu, yɛrentumi ntra ase a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi nka ho. Yɛwɔ apɔwmuden efisɛ adeyɛ a wɔfrɛ no erythropoiesis no rekɔ so yiye.

Erythropoiesis yɛ adeyɛ kɛse bi fã biako ankasa. Adeyɛ a ɛma mogya nkwammoaa ahorow abiɛsa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no nyinaa yɛ nea wɔfrɛ no `` Hematopoiesis ''.

• Wɔfrɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ``Erythropoiesis'' (nea yɛreka ho asɛm mprempren no).
• Wɔfrɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa no ``Leukopoiesis``.
• Wɔfrɛ mogya nkwammoaa (nkwaboaa a ɛboa ma mogya tu) a wɔyɛ no ``Thrombopoiesis''.

Ɛhe na eyi (Erythropoiesis) kɔ so?

Beae a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi hyehyɛ no sesa bere a bere kɔ so no.

Sɛ akokoaa wɔ awotwaa mu (Fetal erythropoiesis) .

Erythropoiesis fi ase ansa na wɔawo yɛn, kyerɛ sɛ, bere a yɛda so ara wɔ yɛn maame awotwaa mu no.

• Bɛyɛ adapɛn abiɛsa: Eyi di kan fi ase wɔ nhyehyɛe bi a wɔfrɛ no `` Yolk Sac'' a ɛma awotwaa no aduan mu.
• Asram abien kosi abiɛsa akyi: Ɛno akyi no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ba akokoaa no mmerɛbo ne ne hwene mu.
• Bɛyɛ asram anum: Saa adeyɛ yi fi ase wɔ awotwaa no nnompe mu . Nnompe mu ntini ne ɔfã a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛte sɛ sponge wɔ yɛn nnompe mu.

Mmofra ne mpanyimfo (Erythropoiesis) .

Wɔwo yɛn akyi no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ titiriw na ɛba yɛn muWɔ nnompe mu ntini mu .

• Mmofra: Wɔ mmofraase no, wɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ nnompe pii a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no nnompe mu.
• Mpanyimfo: Bere a yɛrenyin no, eyi yɛ adwuma wɔ nnompe bi mu nkutoo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ mmeae te sɛ akyi berɛmo, akyi berɛmo, mpampam, ne nufu dompe.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Medullary ne Extramedullary erythropoiesis ntam?

Ɛwom sɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea nsɛmfua abien yi yɛ den kakra de, nanso ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛte ase.

• `(Medullary)` kyerɛ biribi a ɛfa nnompe mu ntini ho. Enti, `(Medullary erythropoiesis)` kyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛba nnompe mu ntini no mu. Eyi ne tebea a ɛtaa ba.
• Extramedullary erythropoiesis kyerɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛba wɔ nnompe mu ntini no akyi, te sɛ mmerɛbo ne akyi berɛmo mu.

Wɔ awotwaa no fã no, eyi (extramedullary erythropoiesis) yɛ nea ɛfata. Nanso sɛ ɛba ɔpanyin so a, mpɛn pii no ebetumi ayɛ yare anaa ɔhaw bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ nnompe mu. Afei nnuruyɛfo hwɛ mu.

Mpɛn bɛn na mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yɛ?

Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ nnyɛ prɛko pɛ, ɛyɛ akwantu a ɛfa akwan horow pii so. Ɛte sɛ nea ɔkraman abɛyɛ ɔkɔre.

Saa mogya mu nkwammoaa yi nyinaa fi ase fi nkwammoaa titiriw biako mu. Yɛfrɛ no ``Hematopoietic stem cell'' (HSC) . Eyi te sɛ ``master cell.'' Saa HSC nkwammoaa yi betumi abɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, anaa mogya nkwammoaa yi mu biara.

Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a, saa HSC nkwammoaa yi di kan bɛyɛ nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no ``Common myeloid progenitor'' (CMP) . Saa CMP nkwammoaa yi nso betumi abɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya nkwammoaa, anaa mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ahorow bi. Afei, CMP nkwammoaa a ɛrekɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no nyin bɛyɛ ``Megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell'' (MEP) .

Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ MEP pɛ a, saa nkwammoaa no rekɔ so abɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ. Afei ɛfa akwan horow pii so:

• `(Proerythroblast)` (Nneɛma a ɛma mogya tu) .
• `(Erythroblast)` (Ntini a ɛma mogya tu) .
• `(Normoblast)` (Normoblast) .
• `(Reticulocyte)` (Reticulocyte) - Eyi yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ kumaa.
• Awiei koraa no, ɛbɛyɛ ``Erythrocyte'' a ɛho akokwaw koraa , kyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ sɛnea yenim no.

Saa mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ayɛ pɛ yi fi nnompe mu ntini mu kɔ mogya no mu. Ɛyɛ saa bere no na wofi wɔn adwuma a ɛho hia sen biara ase - sɛ wɔde oxygen di akɔneaba na woyi carbon dioxide fi hɔ.

Bere tenten ahe na saa adeyɛ yi gye?

Mpɛn pii no, egye bɛyɛ dapɛn biako ansa na mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ biako ayɛ koraa.

Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ nkwa nna yɛ dɛn?

Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ biako tena yɛn nipadua mu bɛyɛ nnafua 120 .Ɛyɛ. Afei saa nkwammoaa no wuwu, na wɔhyehyɛ nkwammoaa foforo si wɔn ananmu. Eyi yɛ kyinhyia a ɛkɔ so bere nyinaa.

Dɛn na edi eyi so (Erythropoiesis)?

Yɛn nipadua no di saa adeyɛ yi so (Erythropoiesis) wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye so. Ade titiriw ne oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ wo ntini no nnya oxygen a ɛdɔɔso (yɛfrɛ saa tebea yi ``Hypoxia''), wo nipadua no bɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ayɛ ntɛmntɛm. Efisɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dɔɔso a, oxygen dodow a ɛkɔ ntini ahorow no mu nso kɔ soro.

Saa adeyɛ yi (Erythropoiesis) no, hormone titiriw bi na ɛkanyan no, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛma ɛyɛ adwuma. Wɔfrɛ no `(Erythropoietin)` (EPO ).

Dɛn ne eyi (Erythropoietin - EPO)?

Erythropoietin (EPO) yɛ hormone a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wɔyɛ no yɛ kɛse. Nkwammoaa mu nkwaadɔm te sɛ nnuru abɔfo a ɛma yɛn nipadua mu dwumadi ahorow bom. EPO a yɛn nipadua hia no mu dodow no ara yɛ nea yɛn asaabo na ɛyɛ .

Sɛnea eyi ba ni:

1. Esiane sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow sua nti, wo nipadua mu ntini ahorow no nnya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso.

2. Wɔ eyi ho mmuaema mu no, w’asaabo no yi hormone EPO no pii fi mu.

3. Saa EPO hormone yi kanyan wo nnompe mu ntini ma ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ pii.

4. Bere a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow kɔ soro no, ``(Hemoglobin)`` (protein a ɛde oxygen) a ɛwɔ mu no nso kɔ soro. Sɛ asaabo no te eyi nka a, ɛtew EPO a ɛba no so.

5. Saa kwan yi so no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no kɔ so tra baabi pɔtee bi. Yɛfrɛ saa kari pɛ yi ``(Homeostasis)`` (homeostasis).

Yɛn asaabo no rema EPO kakraa bi bere nyinaa na amma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ anhyehyɛ. Esiane sɛ yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ bɛyɛ 1% wuwu da biara nti, (Erythropoiesis) ne nea ɛma saa sintɔ no yɛ adwuma.

Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow sesa esiane yare anaa akwanhyia bi nti a, asaabo no bɛma EPO a wɔyɛ no akɔ soro anaasɛ ɛbɛtew so sɛnea ɛfata.

Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ erythropoiesis ho a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ ɔhaw anaa sintɔ bi wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu a, ebia wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ kakraa bi anaa pii .

• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛba fam: Wɔfrɛ eyi mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wo nipadua mu ntini ahorow no nnya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso. Eyi betumi ama woate nka sɛ woayɛ mmerɛw, woabrɛ bere nyinaa, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a awɔw wom . Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu no gu ahorow.
• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛkɔ soro: Wɔfrɛ eyi `(Erythrocytosis)` (erythrocytosis). Sɛ eyi ba a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wubetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne nketenkete te sɛ tiyɛ ne ɔbrɛ. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, egyina nea ɛde ba so no, ebetumi de nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ .

Tebea horow bɛn na ebetumi aka erythropoiesis?

Nyarewa ne nneɛma afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aka mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wɔyɛ wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no na wɔadi so.

Nyarewa a ɛba ahurututu mu

Eyinom betumi atew oxygen dodow a nipadua no nya so, na ebetumi asakra EPO a wɔyɛ no.

• Akisikuru
• Ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea (COPD) .

Kokoram a ɛka mogya anaa nnompe mu ntini

Eyinom betumi asiw ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no kwan tẽẽ.

• Leukemia a ɛma mogya tu
• Lymphoma a ɛma mogya tu
• Myeloma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu

Nneɛma afoforo nti

• Aduan a enni nipadua mu: Titiriw iron, vitamin B12, ne folate (folic acid) a enni nipadua mu no betumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a enni nipadua no mu no nyɛ papa. Eyinom ne adansi nneɛma a ehia na ama wɔatumi ayɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ.
• Sɛ wɔtra mmeae a ɛkorɔn: Wɔ mmeae a ɛkorɔn a, mframa pa a ɛwɔ mframa mu no sua. Enti, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na nipadua no ayɛ nsakrae no, ɛma EPO pii na ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wɔyɛ no yɛ kɛse.

Yɛn nipadua yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ foforo wɔ yɛn nkwa nna nyinaa mu. Sɛ nkwammoaa dedaw wuwu a, nipadua no hu nsakrae yi na ɛma EPO yɛ kɛse, na ɛnam so ma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wɔyɛ no yɛ kɛse. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na yɛakɔ so anya oxygen a ɛfata akɔ yɛn ntini mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ yenya mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛfata. Nea eye ne sɛ, nipadua no di saa adeyɛ yi so ara kwa, a yɛmmɔ mmɔden biara. Nanso, sɛ wunya yare bi a esiw saa adeyɛ yi kwan (erythropoiesis) a, wo duruyɛfo betumi asa anaasɛ obetumi adi so.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

• Erythropoiesis yɛ adeyɛ a ɛho hia yiye a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ba yɛn nipadua mu.
• Saa mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi na ɛde mframa pa kɔ yɛn nipadua mu nyinaa na eyi mframa bɔne fi mu.
• Saa adeyɛ yi kɔ so titiriw wɔ yɛn nnompe mu ntini mu .
• Hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no Erythropoietin (EPO) , a asaabo titiriw na ɛyɛ no boa ma wodi saa adeyɛ yi so.
• Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no betumi ama mogya atɔ mogya (mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛso tew) anaasɛ erythrocytosis (mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛkɔ soro) aba.
• Erythropoiesis a ɛfata ho hia na ama obi anya apɔwmuden. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ eyi ho a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu .

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ afei de moanya ntease a emu da hɔ wɔ saa adeyɛ nwonwaso yi a wɔfrɛ no (Erythropoiesis) yi ho. Nneɛma pii rekɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a yennim mpo, ɛnte saa?

` Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, erythropoiesis, nnompe mu ntini, mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, oxygen, erythropoietin, asaabo