Momma yensua Pathologist no ho ade: ɔbran a wɔanto dwom a ɔboa wo ma wuhu wo yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ!

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu bi te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ne nsu mu nhwehwɛmu. Ebia wɔbɛfa wo nipadua no fã ketewaa bi mpo. Enti so woasusuw ho pɛn sɛ hena na ɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ankasa, ɔrekenkan amanneɛbɔ ahorow no, na ɔrehu yare pɔtee a wowɔ no? Ɛwom sɛ yɛntaa nhyia saa nkurɔfo yi tẽẽ de, nanso nnuruyɛfo atitiriw kuw bi wɔ hɔ a wɔyɛ adwuma te sɛ yɛn akwahosan nhyehyɛe no mu abran a wɔmmɔ wɔn dwom no. Wɔyɛ nea yɛfrɛ no ɔyare ho animdefo . Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka nnuruyɛfo a wɔho hia yi ho asɛm.

Hena ne Ɔyare Ho Ɔbenfo? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo yɛ oduruyɛfo a wanya ntetee soronko. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne nyarewa a wɔde nnipa ntini (i.e., nipadua akwaa), mogya, nsu, ne nipadua mu nsu afoforo sua. Wɔn na wɔde nsɛm ne akwankyerɛ a ehia na wɔde ahu yare bi, asa, ahwɛ sɛnea ɛkɔ so (hwɛ so), na wɔka sɛnea ɛbɛkɔ daakye (nkɔmhyɛ) ma. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no boa ma yɛte nyarewa ahorow nyinaa ase yiye.

Nyarewa ho animdefo boaboa nsɛm yi ano denam ntini ahorow, nkwammoaa, ne nipadua mu nsu a wɔhwɛ wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu no so. Wɔde mfiri te sɛ mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ mogya mu nso sɔ saa nhwɛsode ahorow yi hwɛ.

Enti dɛn ne pathology?

Pathology yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ nneɛma a ɛde nyarewa ba ne nkɛntɛnso a saa nyarewa no nya wɔ wo nipadua mu ntini ahorow so wɔ nkwammoaa mu . Ɛne sɛ, ɛhwɛ sɛnea yare bi yɛ adwuma wɔ nipadua no mu ne nea ɛto nkwammoaa no.

So nneɛma titiriw ahorow wɔ hɔ a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔyare ho animdefo mu?

Yiw, koraa! Nyarewa ho animdefo nso betumi ayɛ wɔn ho titiriw wɔ mmeae ahorow. Fa no sɛ wowɔ nnuruyɛfo ahorow ma nyarewa ahorow. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ni:

Mogya sikakorabea/mogya a wɔde ma ho aduruyɛ ho ɔyaresafo

Saa oduruyɛfo titiriw yi na ɔhwɛ ma wɔhwɛ ayaresabea bi mogya so. Wɔhwɛ hu sɛ mogya a wɔde ma no nyɛ nea asiane biara nni ho na wɔyɛ mogya a wɔde ma (mogya a wɔde kɔ akwaa mu) no yiye. Wɔsan nso siesie mogya mu nneɛma ahorow te sɛ ``plasma'' anaa ``mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ'', na wɔde ma ayarefo sɛnea ɛho hia.

Nnuru ho ɔyaresafo ho ɔbenfo

Saa ɔbenfo yi sua onipa nipadua mu nneɛma a nkwa wom ho ade . Ɛne sɛ, wɔhwɛ sɛnea nipadua no mu nnuru no ka nea ɛde nyarewa ba ne sɛnea ɛkɔ so .

Nkwammoaa mu nyarewa ho ɔbenfo

Eyinom ne wɔn.Animdefo a wosua nkwammoaa ho ade de hu nyarewa. Nhwɛso a wonim no yiye ne nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ Pap smear mu a wɔhwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ ebia awotwaa mu kokoram anaa. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde cytopathology afã no bata kokoram a wohu ho.

Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ honam ani yare

Sɛnea edin no kyerɛ no, wɔatete saa oduruyɛfo titiriw yi sɛ onhu honam ani nyarewa na ɔhwɛ so . Sɛ wowɔ biribi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ wo honam ani a, ebia oduruyɛfo a ɔte sɛɛ na ɔfa bi kakra na ɔhwehwɛ mu.

Forensic ɔyare ho ɔbenfo

Ebia woahu saa nkurɔfo yi wɔ sini ahorow mu. Eyinom ne abenfo a wɔhwehwɛ owu a ɛba mpofirim, adwenem naayɛ, ne basabasayɛ mu, ne owu tebea pɔtee afoforo a mmara kyerɛkyerɛ mu no mu na wɔhwehwɛ mu.

Mogya mu yare ho ɔbenfo

Saa ɔbenfo yi ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a ɛka mogya nkwammoaa, mogya a ɛtwetwe, nnompe mu ntini, ne ntini a ɛma mogya tu mu . Wɔhwehwɛ mogya no ho haw ahorow te sɛ mogya mu kokoram.

Aduruyɛ mu mmoawa nketenkete ho ɔbenfo

Eyinom ne nnipa a wohu mmoawa nketenkete (mmoawa, mmoawa, ne nea ɛkeka ho) a wɔde nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba no. Sɛ wowɔ atiridiinini a, oduruyɛfo titiriw yi boa wo ma wuhu sɛ ebia mmoawa anaa mmoawa bi na ɛde ba.

Molekyule awosu mu ɔyare ho ɔbenfo

Saa ɔbenfo yi de awosu mu nkwaadɔm nhyehyɛe, dwumadi, ne nsakrae (nsakrae) a ɛba wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu ho nsɛm ma . Wɔde aduruyɛdan mu akwan horow di dwuma de boa ma wohu , sa, na wɔka sɛnea awosu mu nyarewa bi bɛkɔ so daakye.

Ntini mu yare ho ɔbenfo

Wɔatete saa oduruyɛfo titiriw yi sɛ onhu nyarewa a ɛka wo ntini ne wo nnompe ntini . Wɔhwɛ amemene, akyi berɛmo, ne ntini mu nyarewa.

Mmofra yare ho ɔbenfo

Saa nkurɔfo yi ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a ɛba bere a awotwaa no nyin, ne mmofraase, ne mmofraase denam nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu so. Wosua nyarewa a ɛfa mmofra nkumaa ho no ho ade kɔ akyiri.

Oprehyɛn ho ɔyaresafo

Saa ɔbenfo yi sua ntini a nnuruyɛfo a wɔyɛ oprehyɛn yi fi hɔ bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no ho ade, na ɛboa ma wohu yare no na wɔyɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe. Sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn de ayi kokoram akisikuru bi afi hɔ no, ɔyaresafo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no betumi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ahwɛ ntini no ntɛm ara na waka akyerɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ woyi ntini pii (sɛ nhwɛso no, ntini a ɛma mogya tu) fi hɔ anaa. Eyi yɛ mfaso kɛse ma ɔyarefo no.

Dɛn ankasa na ɔyaresafo yɛ?

Dwuma titiriw a ɔyare ho ɔbenfo di ne sɛ ɔde nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu ne akwan horow bedi dwuma de ahu sɛ ebia yare bi wɔ ntini ne nsu a wɔafa afi wo nipadua mu no mu anaasɛ enni hɔ. Wobetumi afa akwan horow so ayɛ eyi. Wɔn som ho hia wɔ nnuruyɛ mu nneɛma nyinaa mu, te sɛ kokoram ho adesua (oncology), nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ho adesua (immunology), ne awosu mu nneɛma.

Nyarewa ho animdefo yɛ akwahosan ho akuw mufo atitiriw. Wɔne akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo afoforo te sɛ mframa ho animdefo, kokoram ho animdefo, mogya ho animdefo, ne oprehyɛn ho animdefo yɛ adwuma yiye. Wɔboa:

• Hu: Nyarewa ho animdefo taa de wɔn ho hyɛ yare bi a wobehu mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo betumi ahwehwɛ nipadua mu ntini anaa nsu bi mu ahwɛ sɛ ebia mmoawa anaa mmoawa bi wɔ mu anaa. Wɔn na wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ kokoram a wohu no mu dodow no ara mu.
• Kamfo ayaresa a wobetumi apaw: Ɔyare ho ɔbenfo betumi akamfo aduru pɔtee bi a ekum ɔyare mmoawa akyerɛ de asa ɔyare mmoawa bi, anaasɛ obesi gyinae sɛ ebia wɔbɛyɛ no mframa a ano yɛ den, nnuru a wɔde sa yare, anaa oprehyɛn wɔ kokoram akisikuru bi ho.
• Hwɛ nyarewa a ɛkɔ so no so: Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo betumi ayɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ sɛnea ɔyare mmoawa a wonya fi mogya mu te sɛ hepatitis B nyin.
• Ka sɛnea yare no bɛkɔ so daakye ho asɛm: Wɔ nyarewa bi te sɛ mogya mu kokoram mu no, awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae pɔtee bi betumi asakra yare no daakye kɛse. Nyarewa ho animdefo betumi ahu awosu mu nsakrae yi denam awosu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ ntini mu nhwɛsode ahorow so no so.

Sɛ wɔde toto nnuruyɛfo afoforo ho a, mpɛn pii no, ɔyare ho animdefo ne ayarefo nni nkitaho tẽẽ. Ɛwom sɛ wodi dwuma titiriw wɔ nyarewa a wohu mu de, nanso ɛnyɛ wɔn na wɔka nea woahu no kyerɛ wo. Oduruyɛfo titiriw a ɔhyɛɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu no, sɛ nhwɛso no, wo yafunu mu ɔyaresafo anaa mmea ho ɔyaresafo no, begyina nsɛm a ɛwɔ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no amanneɛbɔ mu so akyerɛ wo sɛnea wobehu yare no.

Nanso, animdefo nketewa bi, te sɛ ɔyare ho animdefo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ mogyakorabea ne mogya a wɔde ma ho adwumayɛbea ahorow no hyia ayarefo da biara da.

Nyarewa ho animdefo nso di dwuma titiriw wɔ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu mu. Wɔyɛ adwuma de yɛ ayaresa foforo a wɔde bɛko atia mmoawa, ɔyare mmoawa, ne nyarewa anaasɛ wɔasiw ano. Eyi betumi ayɛ aduruyɛ mu nkɔso te sɛ nnuru foforo a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban ne ayaresa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so.

So ɔyaresafo yɛ oduruyɛfo?

Yiw, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɔyaresafo yɛ oduruyɛfo. Wɔkɔ aduruyɛ sukuu na wonya aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa (`Doctor of Medicine (MD)` anaa `Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)`).

Ɛhe na nyarewa ho animdefo yɛ adwuma?

Nyarewa ho animdefo betumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae ahorow. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Wɔ mpɔtam hɔ ayaresabea ne ayaresabea ahorow mu
• Wɔ sukuupɔn ayaresabea ne ayaresabea ahorow mu
• Wɔ aban ayaresabea ne ayaresabea ahorow mu
• Wɔ aduruyɛdan ahorow a wɔde wɔn ho mu
• Wɔ ankorankoro adwumayɛbea ahorow mu

Wobɛyɛ dɛn abɛyɛ ɔyaresafo? Bere tenten ahe na egye?

Sɛ wobɛyɛ ɔyaresafo a ɔwɔ adansedi krataa a, ɛsɛ sɛ wuwie nea edidi so yi:

• Ɛsɛ sɛ wuwie adesua a edi kan wɔ aduruyɛ mu wɔ kɔlege anaa sukuupɔn mu na wunya abodin krataa.
• Ɛsɛ sɛ wowie wo aduruyɛ sukuu adesua na wonya aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa (`MD` anaa `DO`).
• Anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ wuwie mfe abiɛsa aduruyɛ ho adesua a ɛkɔ akyiri wɔ ntetee nhyehyɛe a wɔde tena hɔ mu.
• Ɛsɛ sɛ ɔtwa adansedi sɔhwɛ ahorow a kuw bi a wogye tom te sɛ Amerika Nyarewa Ho Bagua no yɛ. (Wɔ Sri Lanka no, ɛsɛ sɛ wokyerɛw wo din wɔ aduruyɛ bagua a ɛfa ho no mu na wɔtete wo ho ɔbenfo.)

Wɔatete ɔyare ho animdefo dodow no ara wɔ ayaresabea mu yare ne nipadua mu yare nyinaa mu. Pii nso ho akokwaw wɔ ɔyare ho adesua pɔtee bi te sɛ mogya mu yare anaa nnuru mu yare ho.

Mpɛn pii no , anyɛ yiye koraa no, egye mfe 11 ansa na obi abɛyɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne nhomasua a wɔde ma ansa na wɔayɛ aduruyɛ, aduruyɛ sukuu adesua, ne anyɛ yiye koraa no mfe abiɛsa ntetee a wɔde ma wɔ baabi a wɔte hɔ.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Enti afei wubetumi ahu sɛnea yɛn akwahosan nhyehyɛe mu nyarewa ho animdefo no fã bi ho hia na ɛho hia. Ebia worenhyia wɔn tẽẽ, wɔn mu dodow no ara yɛ adwuma wɔ akyi. Nanso wɔyɛ kommyɛ ɔsom kɛse ma wo yiyedi denam wo yare no a wohu no pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔpaw ayaresa a eye sen biara ma no so.

Sɛ wo nsa ka ɔyare ho amanneɛbɔ da bi a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nea ɛka ho. Saa amanneɛbɔ no kura w’akwahosan ho nsɛm a ɛsom bo pii. Nyarewa ho ɔyaresafo ne wo nnuruyɛfo afoforo bom yɛ adwuma de hwɛ wo yiye.

` Yare Ho Ɔbenfo, Nyarewa Ho Ɔbenfo, Nhwehwɛmu, Ntini mu Nhwehwɛmu, Mogya mu Nhwehwɛmu, Aduruyɛ ho Ɔbenfo, Nkwammoaa Ho Nhwehwɛmu