Momma yɛnka honam ani nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ allergy ho asɛm na yɛahu sɛ ebia wowɔ allergy anaa!

Sɛ wudi nnuan bi, woka nneɛma te sɛ pollen, anaa wode samina ahorow bi di dwuma a, wo ho yɛ wo yaw, wo ho yɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome nso? Sɛ saa a, ebia wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ biribi ho. Enti, wɔfrɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia a wɔde hu nea wo ho yɛ wo hyew ankasa no honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew . Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ, ɛyɛ?

Dɛn ne Allergy Skin Test?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a nnuruyɛfo yɛ de hu nea epira wo nipadua no pɛpɛɛpɛ, kyerɛ sɛ, nea wo ho nyɛ wo den. Yɛn nipadua no wɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa . Saa nhyehyɛe yi bɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Nanso ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ nneɛma a ɛnyɛ asiane mma yɛn ankasa, sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuan bi, mfutuma, nsu mu nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ, ne nea ɛkeka ho, hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a, saa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa yi hu sɛ ɛyɛ ɔtamfo na ɛyɛ ho biribi. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no allergy.

Enti, wɔ saa honam ani sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wɔde nneɛma nketenkete bi a wosusuw sɛ ebia wo ho yɛ wo hyew, yɛfrɛ no ``allergens,'' gu wo honam ani. Afei, bere tiaa bi akyi no, oduruyɛfo no hwɛ sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn ade wɔ saa mmeae no. Wogyina saa adeyɛ no so na wosi nea wo ho yɛ wo den no ho gyinae.

So honam ani nhwehwɛmu ahorow wɔ hɔ a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew?

Yiw, honam ani nhwehwɛmu ahorow atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew. Wɔne:

• Skin Prick Test (ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no Scratch Test) .
• Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔyɛ wɔ Honam ani
• Patch Sɔhwɛ

Yɛbɛka eyinom mu biara ho asɛm akɔ akyiri akyiri yi.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew?

Sɛ wotaa nya akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne (susuw honam ani a ɛyɛ wo yaw, w’ani a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, wo hwene a ɛretu) anaasɛ wowɔ ayamtu , oduruyɛfo betumi akamfo nhwehwɛmu yi akyerɛ wo. Eyi te saa efisɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa akisikuru yi betumi ama ayamtu ho sɛnkyerɛnne asɛe kɛse na akanyan ayamtu ntua.

Asɛm foforo a ɛho hia ne sɛ, sɛ woanya akisikuru a emu yɛ den pɛn, te sɛ anaphylactic reaction , nhwehwɛmu yi nso ho hia yiye na woahu nea ɛde ba. Anaphylaxis yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den a ɛba mpofirim, ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome, na ebetumi de ne nkwa ato asiane mu. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.

Saa honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew yi yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ dɛn?

Sɛ yɛbɛka nokware a, allergy skin test biara nni hɔ a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ 100%. Nanso, oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw a ne ho akokwaw wɔ akisikuru mu, a wɔfrɛ no ``allergist``, betumi ayɛ eyi.Sɛ obi yɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi a, nea efi mu ba no yɛ nea wotumi de ho to so koraa. Wɔbɛsan ahwɛ w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm mu na sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na ama wɔanya asɛm a edi mu sen biara.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan ansa na woayɛ honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi ho yɛ wo hyew? (Ɔkwan bɛn so na wosiesie?)

Ansa na wobɛyɛ wo honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew no, ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Obebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne na ebia ɔbɛyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Ebia wobebisa wo nsɛm nso afa nnuan a wudi, nnuru a wonom, nneɛma a wode hwɛ wo honam ani hwɛbea a wode di dwuma, ne afieboa a wo ne wɔn te ho. Wɔbɛma wo afotu nso wɔ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ no ho. Nneɛma yi bi ne:

• Da a wobɛsɔ ahwɛ no, mfa nnuru biara a wɔde yɛ wo ho (te sɛ aduru a wɔde hyɛ wo ho anaasɛ aduru a wɔde yɛ honam ani) nhyɛ baabi a woresɔ honam ani hwɛbea no.
• Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wogyae nnuru bi, titiriw nnuru a ekum akisikuru (aduru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew) nna kakraa bi ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wɔ eyi ho pɛpɛɛpɛ.
• Sɛ nhwi wɔ honam ani baabi a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no a, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yi (yiyi) anadwo a edi sɔhwɛ no anim anaa anɔpa a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no.
• Siesie wo ho wɔ ɔkwan a ɛbɛma ayɛ mmerɛw ama oduruyɛfo no sɛ ɔbɛhwɛ wo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, atade a wɔde bɔton abɔ anim anaasɛ blouse a nsa nnim na eye sen biara.
• Sɛ wo ti nhwi ware sen wo mmati a, wɔka sɛ wubetumi akyekyere anaa wode asie kyɛw ase.

So metumi aguare ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no anaasɛ bere a wɔawie no?

Yiw, wubetumi aguare ansa na woayɛ allergy honam ani nhwehwɛmu. Nanso kae sɛ, mfa nnuru biara nhyɛ mmeae a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no.

Nanso, sɛ woreyɛ patch test , wuntumi nguare, nguare, anaa wonyɛ biribiara a ɛma fifiri ba nna kakraa bi wɔ ɛno akyi. Wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo akwankyerɛ pɔtee a ɛfa eyi ho.

Dɛn ne honam ani nhwehwɛmu ahorow abiɛsa a wɔde yɛ akisikuru yi? Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, honam ani nhwehwɛmu ahorow abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew. Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu biara no, oduruyɛfo no bedi kan de iodine anaa nsa asiesie honam ani baabi a wɔbɛsɔ ahwɛ no. Eyi bɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ɔyare mmoawa no so atew. Wɔtaa yɛ sɔhwɛ yi wɔ wo nsa (moma so) anim anaa w’akyi atifi. Ɛtɔ da bi a, titiriw wɔ mmofra nkumaa fam no, oduruyɛfo no betumi de aduru a ɛma obi ho kyere no (`(Numbing Cream)`) nso apete so.

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nea sɔhwɛ ahorow yi yɛ ne sɛnea wɔyɛ.

1. Honam ani Nsɔe Ho Sɔhwɛ (Skin Prick Test) .

Eyi ne honam ani nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew. Nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wode wo honam ani hwɛbea bɛma ade kakraa bi pɛ a wususuw sɛ ebia wo ho yɛ wo hyew no. Wɔde kyerɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ mframa mu (te sɛ pollen, mfutuma, nsunsu, mmoa dander), nnuan, ne nea ɛkeka ho.

Sɛnea wɔyɛ no:

Oduruyɛfo no bedi kan de kyerɛwdua ayɛ agyiraehyɛde nketenkete wɔ wo nsa anaa w’akyi de ahu `allergen` a wɔde bɛhyɛ beae biara. Afei, wɔde ade a ɛyɛ tratraa yiye (``Lancet``) di dwuma, wɔde twitwiw honam ani no kakra wɔ mmeae a wɔahyɛ no agyirae no. Sɛ wɔyɛ prick no ara pɛ a, wɔde ade ketewaa bi a ebetumi ama obi anya akisikuru no gu honam ani. Eyi nyɛ yaw kɛse, nanso ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ yaw ketewaa bi, te sɛ nea ntɛtea aka wo.

Nnuruyɛfo binom de ade a ebetumi ama obi anya akisikuru no a ɛtɔ gu honam ani na afei wɔde ``(Lancet)'' twitwiw no nkakrankakra.'' Afei ade no fa nsensanee no mu hyɛn honam ani.

Eyi ka ho no, oduruyɛfo no de wo honam ani nsensanee abien foforo bɛpete so, ``Positive Control'' ne ``Negative Control'' . Wɔde eyinom di dwuma de boa ma wɔde nea efi mu ba no toto ho. ``Positive Control'' no kura ``Histamine ano aduru'' . Eyi ma honam ani ahonhon ketewaa bi, ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ɛyɛ mmerɛw (``Wheal'') wɔ honam ani bere a wɔde ahyɛ mu ara pɛ. ``Negative Control'' no kura ``Saline ano aduru'' . Eyi ntaa mma adeyɛ biara mma (``Wheal'' bi).

Sɛ woyɛ eyi wie a, wotwɛn bɛyɛ simma 15. Ɛno akyi no, oduruyɛfo no de caliper bɛsusuw honam ani a ɛho ahonhon ne nea ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ no.

Mpɛn pii no, saa honam ani nhwehwɛmu yi gye nea ennu dɔnhwerew biako ansa na wɔayɛ.

2. Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔyɛ wɔ Honam ani

Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de ade ketewaa bi di dwuma de ade a ebia wo ho yɛ wo hyew no kakraa bi gu wo honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro, a ɛyɛ honam ani . Wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi sɛ nea efii honam ani nhwehwɛmu a wɔadi kan ayɛ mu ba no mu nna hɔ anaasɛ ɛnyɛ papa a, de hwɛ sɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ mframa mu, nnuru, anaa nkoekoemmoa a wɔwe (te sɛ ntɛtea, ntɛtea, nwansena) ho akisikuru anaa.

Sɛnea wɔyɛ no:

Nea edi kan no, oduruyɛfo no de kyerɛwdua bɛhyɛ wo nsa agyirae ama nneɛma a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew a ɛfa ho no. Ɛno akyi no, wobetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ yi wɔ akwan abien so.

Wɔ ɔfã a edi kan no mu no, wɔde aduru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew no kakraa bi gu honam ani wɔ mmeae a wɔahyɛ no agyirae no. Bere a wɔatwɛn bɛyɛ simma 15 akyi no, wɔhwɛ honam ani hwɛbea no so sɛ ebia ɛho ahonhon (`(wheal)`) anaasɛ kɔla sesa anaa.

• Sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu hu sɛ wowɔ biribi a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia mu a, ɛho renhia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo wɔ honam ani.
• Sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo hyew na ɛho nhia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo biara.
• Sɛ nnubɔne ho nhwehwɛmu san ba sɛ ɛnyɛ papa a, ebia wubetumi akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛto so abien wɔ honam ani.
• Sɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hwehwɛ nnuru a wɔde kum nkoekoemmoa no nyɛ papa a, ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu mprɛnsa bio wɔ honam ani. Wɔma ade no dodow kɔ soro nkakrankakra wɔ kurukuruwa biara mu.

Wɔ ɔfa a ɛtɔ so mmienu no mu (sɛ ɛho hia a), wɔde ``allergens'' a kan no na ɛma ``negative'' aba no ano aduru a ɛyɛ den kakra gu mu. Afei, wɔtwɛn simma 10 bio na wɔsan susuw sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn ade no.

Saa `(Intradermal Test)` yi nyɛ yaw kɛse. Nnipa pii ka sɛ ɛnyɛ yaw kɛse te sɛ honam ani mpire ho sɔhwɛ no. Ɛgyina `(Intradermal Test)` dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ so no, sɔhwɛ yi betumi agye bɛyɛ dɔnhwerew biako ne fã ansa na wɔawie.

3. Patch Sɔhwɛ

Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de nsensanee a ɛte sɛ plaster a nneɛma bi a ebia wo ho nyɛ wo den wɔ wo honam ani no gu so. Eyi na ɛma wohu nneɛma a ɛde honam ani yare a ɛka obi ho ba titiriw . Ɛne sɛ, akisikuru a ɛba bere a nneɛma bi ka wo honam ani no.

Sɛnea wɔyɛ no:

Oduruyɛfo no bedi kan abisa wo samina, aduru, aduru a wode siesie wo ho, ne agude a wode di dwuma no ho asɛm. Afei, wɔbɛyɛ nsensanee a nneɛma a wususuw sɛ ebia wo ho nyɛ wo den no wom na wɔde abɔ w’akyi. Ɛsɛ sɛ wogyaw saa nsensanee yi bɛyɛ nna abien kosi anan. Afei, oduruyɛfo no beyi nsensanee no na wahwɛ sɛ ebia biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew anaa. Wobegyina eyi so akyerɛw nneɛma a wo ho yɛ wo hyew no din na wɔakamfo nneɛma a asiane biara nni ho sɛ wode bedi dwuma akyerɛ wo.

Fa no sɛ bere biara a Samantha de samina foforo bedi dwuma no, akisikuru nketenkete wɔ ne nipadua nyinaa so na ofi ase twitwiw. Bere a oduruyɛfo no yɛɛ patch test akyi ansa na ohui sɛ Samantha ho nyɛ no dɛ wɔ hua bi a ɛwɔ samina no mu ho.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔayɛ honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew akyi?

Ɛdenam sɛnea wo akisikuru no mu yɛ den so no, ntwahonan no betumi ayera wɔ simma kakraa bi mu anaasɛ ebetumi atra hɔ nna pii. Ebia wubenya akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo nso, te sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ nsu, hwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne ahurututu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo bere a wubetumi afi ase anom aduru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no bio.

So asiane ahorow bi wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?

Mpɛn pii no, saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nyɛ nea asiane wom kɛse. Nanso, ɛntaa mma koraa , anaphylactic reaction a emu yɛ den betumi aba wɔ allergen bi ho bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu no, oduruyɛfo no betumi ahu na ɔde epinephrine aduru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu ayɛ no yare ntɛm ara . Enti, biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wohaw wo ho, wowɔ ɔfã a ahobammɔ wom.

Bere bɛn na wobenya sɔhwɛ no mu aba?

Mpɛn pii no, wubetumi anya nea efi honam ani nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ anaasɛ wo honam ani nhwehwɛmu mu ba bere a wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no awie pɛɛ, bere a woda so ara wɔ oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea no. Egye bɛyɛ nnanan ansa na woanya nea efi patch test mu ba.

Dɛn na nea efii allergy honam ani nhwehwɛmu mu bae ka?

Wubetumi anya nneɛma ahorow abien afi honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew mu:

• Adepa: Sɛ biribi pa fi mu ba a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ ade bi ho. Dodow a wheal no yɛ kɛse no, dodow no ara na wote saa ade no nka kɛse.
• Nea enye: Nea enye a efi mu ba no kyerɛ sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo hyew wɔ saa ade no ho.

Sɛ wowɔ allergy a... (Positive Result) .

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo si so dua sɛ wowɔ allergy a, mo baanu bɛbom ayɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfata mo. Ebia nhyehyɛe yi bi ne:

• Kwati nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew: Ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi saa nneɛma no ho sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Nnuru a wɔnom ma akisikuru: Nnuru a oduruyɛfo akyerɛw ama obi a wɔde bedi dwuma.
• Nnuru a wɔde sa akisikuru a wɔnom: Eyi yɛ ayaresa a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ.
• Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen®) a wode bɛkɔ: Eyi ho hia yiye ma nnipa a wɔn ho yɛ wɔn hyew kɛse.
• Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhyɛ aduruyɛ mu kɔkɔbɔ abɔso a ɛwɔ wo akisikuru ho nsɛm, anaasɛ wode kaad bɛkɔ.
• Sɛ wowɔ nsɛm a ɛfa w’aduan ho akisikuru ho a wode bɛka wo fon no ayaresa nhyehyɛe a egye ntɛmpɛ ho anaasɛ app bi mu.

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a nea efi mu ba a ɛnyɛ nokware/atoro-a enye aba?

Yiw, yɛaka dedaw sɛ allergy skin tests nyɛ bere nyinaa 100% pɛpɛɛpɛ.

``False-positive`` aba kyerɛ sɛ ɛwom sɛ woyɛ w'ade wɔ ade bi ho wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu de, nanso wunni adeyɛ biara wɔ saa ade no ho wɔ da biara da asetra mu.

``False-negative`` aba kyerɛ sɛ wonyɛ w'ade wɔ ade bi ho wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu, nanso woyɛ w'ade wɔ saa ade no ho wɔ da biara da asetra mu.

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo no adwenem yɛ no naa wɔ nea efii nhwehwɛmu no mu bae no ho a, ebia ɔbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo.

Mmere bɛn na eye sen biara a wubetumi akɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den a ɛrehaw wo da biara da asetra a, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Wobetumi ayɛ honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea obi ho yɛ no yaw, ahu akisikuru a wowɔ, na wɔaboa wo ma woayɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo.

Sɛ wokɔ so nya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bere a woayɛ wo honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew na woahu sɛ wowɔ akisikuru akyi a, ma wo duruyɛfo nhu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a obetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu pii.

So insurance wɔ hɔ a wɔde tua sɔhwɛ ahorow yi ho ka?

Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa eyi ho. Ɛsono sika a wɔde tua ho ka no a egyina wo insurance krataa, sika dodow a wo duruyɛfo gye wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ho, ne baabi a wunya ayaresa so. Ebia wo duruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ akɔma ɔyarefo bi a ɔhwɛ sikasɛm so, na obetumi ama woanya sika dodow a w’ayaresa no bɛbɔ ho adwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

Awiei koraa no, ade a ɛho hia sen biara (Take-Home Message) .

Seesei woate nea allergy yɛ ne honam ani nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu no ase. Allergies ba bere a yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ wɔn ade boro so wɔ ‘allergens’ binom ho. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa nneyɛe yi betumi ayɛ nketenkete te sɛ ahurututu anaa ɛyaw, anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ kɛse araa ma ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu.

Enti, honam ani nhwehwɛmu a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia yiye a ɛboa wo ma wuhu nea wo ho yɛ wo hyew ankasa. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu a ɛfata akyerɛ wo a egyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ne nea wususuw sɛ ebia wo ho yɛ wo hyew so. Ɔbɛboa wo nso ama woanya ayaresa nhyehyɛe a eye sen biara. Enti, sɛ wowɔ allergy ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, nsuro sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔka ho asɛm.

Mewɔ anidaso sɛ wubehu sɛ mfaso wɔ saa nsɛm yi so!

` Allergy, honam ani nhwehwɛmu, honam ani nhwehwɛmu, immunization, allergen, diagnosis