So wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa mu yɛ wo yaw? Momma yensua saa (Valgus) ne (Varus) sɔhwɛ ahorow yi ho ade.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, yetumi te ɛyaw nka mpofirim wɔ yɛn nkotodwe anaa yɛn nsateaa mu, ɛnte saa? Anaasɛ yebetumi anya akwanhyia ketewaa bi te sɛ yɛnhwe ase na yɛhwe ase bere a yɛredi agoru anaa yɛnantew na yɛafi ase ate ɛyaw nka wɔ saa beae no. Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ mmere a ɛtete saa mu a, ɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi de ahu nea wopira ne baabi pɔtee a asɛe no wɔ. Sɔhwɛ mmienu a ɛho hia saa ne `(Valgus Stress Test)` ne `(Varus Stress Test). Momma yɛnka eyinom ho asɛm tiawa.

Dɛn ne saa `(Valgus)` ne `(Varus)` sɔhwɛ ahorow yi? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa ``Valgus'' ne ``Varus'' adwennwen sɔhwɛ ahorow yi yɛ ɔkwan a wo duruyɛfo fa so hu sɛ ntini a ɛwɔ wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa mu no asɛe, titiriw ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no.

Fa no sɛ wo duruyɛfo no kura wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa mu, na ɔde rekɔ anim ne akyi, de nhyɛso ahyɛ wo so hwɛ sɛ ebia wote ɛyaw bi anaa biribi foforo biara a ɛyɛ soronko nka anaa. Eyi ne sɔhwɛ yi fã titiriw. Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi wɔ wo nkotodwe ne wo nsateaa so. Nanso ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ wobetumi asɔ wo nsateaa anaa wo nansoaa nso ahwɛ.

Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi hwehwɛ titiriw sɛ wo ntini a ɛka ho no asɛe . Yɛn nyinaa wɔ saa ntini a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban yi wɔ yɛn nkotodwe ne yɛn nsateaa mu.

• Wɔ kotodwe no mu, kyerɛ sɛ, ɔfã a ɛhwɛ mu bere a wɔde nan abien no abom no, ntini bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no `(MCL - Medial Collateral Ligament)`. Saa ara nso na saa `(MCL)` yi wɔ nsateaa no fã a ɛbɛn nipadua no mu.
• Wɔ kotodwe no akyi, kyerɛ sɛ, ɔfã a ɛda adi bere a nan no mu atew no, ntini bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no `(LCL - Lateral Collateral Ligament)`. Saa `(LCL)` yi nso wo nsateaa no akyi.

Saa `(Valgus)` ne `(Varus)` sɔhwɛ yi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ den a wobetumi ayɛ wɔ oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea, a wonni nnwinnade titiriw biara anaasɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ soronko. Wobetumi ayɛ eyinom wɔ nhwehwɛmu a edi kan no mu bere a wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwɛ wo kotodwe mu yaw, wo nsateaa mu yaw, anaa akwanhyia akyi no. Nanso, wɔ saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi akyi no, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ `(Imaging Tests)` biako anaa nea ɛboro saa de si so dua sɛ ntini no asɛe anaa ɔhaw foforo biara. Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ ɛhia sɛ wode oprehyɛn siesie wo nkwaa a asɛe no a, ebia ɛho bɛhia nso sɛ woyɛ `(Arthroscopy)`.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi? Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?

Sɛ wowɔ ɛyaw wɔ wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa mu, anaasɛ woanya akwanhyia wɔ wo nan anaa wo nsa ho a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ayɛ ``Valgus'' anaa ``Varus'' nhwehwɛmu. Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi betumi ahwɛ sɛ ``Collateral Ligaments'' a ɛboa wo nkwaa no asɛe anaa.

Nea ɛho hia: Nhama a ɛma obi pira yɛ opira a wɔtaa hu wɔ agumadifo mu no mu biako. Yɛfrɛ ligament opira sɛ akisikuru.Wɔsan frɛ no ``Nsu'' . Ɛwom sɛ akisikuru dodow no ara yɛ nketenkete de, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ntini a ɛtetew no betumi ayɛ opira a emu yɛ den.

• `(Valgus Stress Test)` no titiriw hwɛ sɛnea wo `(MCL)` no asɛe.
• `(Varus Stress Test)` no hwɛ sɛnea wo `(LCL)` no asɛe.

Sɛ wo ntini biako sɛe a, wubetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Kɔla a ɛyɛ bruu a ɛsakra anaasɛ kɔla sesa wɔ baabi a apira no.
• Ɛte sɛ nea nkwaa no ayɛ mmerɛw, te sɛ nea ɛnyɛ den sɛnea ɛsɛ .
• Yeaw .
• Nnyigyei "kliki" anaa "kliki" a wɔte anaa wote nka .
• Rehono .
• Sɛ ɛyɛ nan a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wubegyina hɔ a emu duru wɔ so , na sɛ ɛyɛ nsateaa a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkanyan wo nsa .
• Mmerewa a wɔte nka wɔ saa nkwaa no mu.

Hena na ɔyɛ saa `(Valgus)` ne `(Varus)` sɔhwɛ ahorow yi?

Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Wo duruyɛfo no yɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi wɔ n’ankasa dan mu. Ɛho nhia sɛ wode nnwinnade titiriw biara di dwuma anaasɛ wobɛkɔ baabi a ɛyɛ soronko.

Ɔkwan bɛn so ankasa na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi?

Saa `(Valgus)` ne `(Varus)` sɔhwɛ ahorow yi yɛ kankyee ahorow a wɔyɛ de hwɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ne baabi a wubetumi de wo nkwaa no akɔ akyiri (Range of Motion). Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi yɛ mmerɛw yiye, na anammɔn a wɔfa so yɛ no ni:

1. Nea edi kan no, wɔbɛma woada w’akyi .

2. Afei oduruyɛfo no bɛma wo nsa anaa wo nan so akɔ soro kakra asen wo nipadua no fã a aka no .

3. Afei, oduruyɛfo no de nhyɛso kakra bɛhyɛ wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa atifi pɛɛ .

• Wɔ ``Valgus Stress Test'' mu no, wɔpia kɔ mu, kyerɛ sɛ, wɔkɔ wo nipadua no mfinimfini .
• Wɔ ``Varus Stress Test'' mu no, wɔpia wɔn kɔ abɔnten, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔtwe wɔn ho fi wo nipadua ho .

Sɛ woreyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu yi wɔ wo kotodwe so a, ebia oduruyɛfo no bɛyɛ no mprenu – pɛnkoro a wo kotodwe abɔ kakra, na bere foforo nso wo kotodwe no ayɛ tẽẽ.

Saa gyinabea ne nhyɛso ahorow yi ma wo ntini ahorow no yɛ den kakra . Saa kankyee ahorow yi te sɛ ɔhaw a wuhyia bere a wode wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa di dwuma da biara da no ara pɛ.

Sɛ oduruyɛfo no keka wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ obebisa sɛ ebia wote ɛyaw bi nka anaa . Ɔbɛhwɛ nso yiye sɛ ebia wote "click" nnyigyei anaasɛ wode wo nsa te biribiara nka. Eyi bɛboa wɔn ma wɔate baabi a wo ntini no betumi atetew ne sɛnea ɛyɛ den no ase.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ `(Valgus)` ne `(Varus)` sɔhwɛ ahorow ntam?

Saa sɔhwɛ abien yi di nsɛ yiye ankasa. Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mu ara ne sɛ oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa nkyɛn ahwɛ sɛ ebia ntini bi asɛe anaa.

• ``(Valgus)`` wɔ aduruyɛ mu no kyerɛ sɛ wobɛtu akɔ wo nipadua no mfinimfini, kyerɛ sɛ, wobɛkɔ wo mu.Edin a wɔde frɛ sɔhwɛ no ne ``Valgus Stress Test'', a oduruyɛfo no pia wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa kɔ mu, kɔ wo nipadua so.
• ``(Varus)`` ne din a wɔde frɛ nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ wɔpia wo nipadua kɔ abɔnten, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛkɔ abɔnten . Eyi ne ``(Valgus)`` bɔ abira. Wɔ ``(Varus Stress Test)`` mu no, oduruyɛfo no de nhyɛso ba wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa so kɔ abɔnten, wɔ akyirikyiri fi wo nipadua ho.

So ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie biribi ansa na mayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi?

Dabi, enhia sɛ wosiesie wo ho ma saa ``(Valgus)`` anaa ``(Varus)`` sɔhwɛ ahorow yi. Ade biako pɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛ woapira wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa mu, anaasɛ sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne foforo biara wɔ wo nkwaa mu a.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu?

Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma wo ho adwo wo sɛnea wubetumi bere a oduruyɛfo no retu wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa no.

Esiane sɛ saa ``(Valgus)`` ne ``(Varus)`` sɔhwɛ ahorow yi yɛ nipadua mu kankyee ahorow a ɛtoatoa so nti, ɛsɛ sɛ woka biribiara a wote nka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo – titiriw sɛ kankyee biara yɛ yaw anaasɛ ɛnyɛ dɛ a.

Ɛyaw, ahokyere, anaa sɛnkyerɛnne foforo biara a wobɛte nka bere a woreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no bɛboa wo duruyɛfo ma wate baabi a wo ntini asɛe, anaa apirakuru afoforo a ebia woanya no ase.

Dɛn na ɛbɛba wɔ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi akyi?

Mpɛn pii no, Valgus ne Varus nhwehwɛmu yɛ ade a edi kan a wɔde sa bunion opira nkutoo . Sɛ wo duruyɛfo te nka anaa ɔte biribi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu a, obetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu foforo anaasɛ obefi ase sa yare na aboa ma wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no afi hɔ.

Sɛ wɔyɛ valgus anaa varus nhwehwɛmu no wie a, ebia ebehia sɛ woyɛ mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu biako . Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi twa wo nkwaa no mu mfonini na ebetumi ahwɛ sɛ ntini anaa ntini afoforo asɛe. Mfoninitwa sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔtaa yɛ ne:

• X-ray ahorow a wɔde yɛ
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma (MRI) .
• Ultrasound nhwehwɛmu ahorow

Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne opira ko a wɔrehwehwɛ.

Ebia ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ arthroscopy de hwɛ wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa mu hwɛ nea asɛe anaasɛ wosiesie. Arthroscopy yɛ oprehyɛn a ɛnyɛ den pii a wɔde mfoninitwa afiri ketewaa bi hwɛ wo nkwaa no mu. Wɔyɛ ntini mu oprehyɛn dodow no ara wɔ ayaresabea, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wubetumi akɔ fie da koro no ara.

So asiane bi wɔ saa `(Valgus)` ne `(Varus)` sɔhwɛ ahorow yi mu?

Dabi, asiane biara nni wo nkotodwe anaa wo nsateaa so bere a woreyɛ ``Valgus'' anaa ``Varus'' sɔhwɛ no.

Ebia wobɛte ɛyaw anaa ahotɔ bi nka bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Nanso, sɛ wo ntini apira mpo a, ɛnsɛ sɛ wote ɛyaw a emu yɛ den biara bere a oduruyɛfo no reyɛ nhwehwɛmu no.

Nanso kae sɛ, ɛnyɛ `(Valgus)` ne `(Varus)` sɔhwɛ no nko ara na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ. Wɔnyɛ ɔkwan a edi mũ a wɔfa so hu sɛ ebia obi apira anaasɛ asɛe anaa. Nanso, wɔyɛ anammɔn a edi kan a mfaso wɔ so a ɛsɛ sɛ wo duruyɛfo tu na ama wahu nea wo pira no yɛ. Mfonini sɔhwɛ yɛ mmuae a ɛyɛ pintinn sen biara, ɛno nti na anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ mfonini sɔhwɛ biako wɔ `(Valgus)` anaa `(Varus)` sɔhwɛ akyi.

Dɛn ne nea efi mu ba a minya? Dɛn na wɔka kyerɛ me?

`(Valgus)` ne `(Varus)` sɔhwɛ no mu aba no nyɛ nea efi mu ba tẽẽ te sɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow bi a woadi kan ayɛ no. Ɛne sɛ, sɛ́ anka wɔbɛkyerɛ baabi pɔtee bi anaa dodow pɔtee bi no, nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ma wo duruyɛfo no nya adwene pa wɔ sɛ ebia ebia opira bi wɔ wo nkwaa mu ne sɛnea saa opira no mu yɛ den no ho.

Eyinom te sɛ nsɛmmisa a "ɛteɛ anaasɛ ɛnteɛ" kɛse , ɛnyɛ akontaabu mu haw ahorow a mmuae a ɛyɛ pintinn wom. Wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛkyekyɛ wo nhwehwɛmu no mu sɛ "positive" sɛ wɔhunu biribi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ collateral ligament injury a. Nea efii mu bae "negative" kyerɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo no ante nka anaasɛ ante biribi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wufi mu ba a enye a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wunnyaa opira. Ɛkyerɛ kɛkɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo no anhu biribiara a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ nhwehwɛmu no mu, sɛ́ ɛyɛ ``Valgus'' anaa ``Varus''. Ebia woda so ara wɔ wo ntini mu a atetew, anaasɛ ebia woapira foforo.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mefrɛ me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɛyaw anaa ɔfe no mu yɛ den wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara :

• Ɛyaw a emu yɛ den yiye .
• Sɛ ɔfe no reyɛ kɛse a .
• Sɛ wuhu sɛ kɔla asakra a .
• Sɛ wuntumi ntutu wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa koraa a .

Nneɛma a Ɛsɛ sɛ Wokae (Take-Home Message) .

``(Valgus)`` ne ``(Varus)`` adwennwen sɔhwɛ yɛ anammɔn a edi kan a ɛyɛ ntɛm, ɛnyɛ den a ɛboa nnuruyɛfo ma wohu sɛ ebia ntini a ɛwɔ wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa mu no apira anaa. While they don’t provide a definitive answer , wobetumi aboa ma wɔakyerɛ anammɔn a edi hɔ a wobɛfa so ahu wo opira no na wɔasa no kwan.

Sɛ wopira wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa – titiriw sɛ wuntumi mfa nni dwuma anaasɛ wuntumi ntutu a – kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaa kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara. W’akwahosan a wobɛhwɛ so yiye ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara!

` Kotodwe mu yaw, Elbow yaw, Ligament opira, Adwennwen sɔhwɛ, Valgus sɔhwɛ, Varus sɔhwɛ, Nkwaa mu yare