Dɛn ne funu mu nhwehwɛmu? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri.

So woate afunu mu nhwehwɛmu ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia woahu wɔ sini mu anaa atesɛm nkrataa mu. Ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ asɛmti a ɛkanyan adwene de, nanso ɛfata sɛ wuhu ho asɛm. Efisɛ, ɛyɛ ade a ɛho hia yiye wɔ aduruyɛ ne mmara mu. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea amu mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ, onii a ɔyɛ, ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ, ne nea enti a ɔyɛ no ho asɛm.

Dɛn ankasa ne funu mu nhwehwɛmu?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, funu mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a wɔyɛ bere a obi awu akyi de ahu nea ɛde owu bae ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɔkwan a ɔfa so wui. Ɛte sɛ detective adwuma. Oduruyɛfo bi a wɔatete no titiriw, a wɔfrɛ no ɔyare ho ɔbenfo , hwehwɛ owufo no nipadua mu ne akyi yiye.

Engiresi asɛmfua "autopsy" no fi Hela asɛmfua "autopsia" mu. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ "sɛ obi behu ne ho." Ɛne sɛ, ɔyaresafo no de n’ankasa aniwa hwehwɛ nipadua no mu na ɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ obehu nea ɛde owu bae. Nnipa binom nso frɛ eyi "owu akyi nhwehwɛmu," titiriw wɔ aman te sɛ England mu. "Post" kyerɛ "akyi" na "mortem" kyerɛ "owu." Enti nea ɛkyerɛ no yɛ ade koro.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu?

Amu mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ, a egyina nea enti a wɔyɛ no so. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

1. Forensic Autopsy ho nhwehwɛmu

Eyi ne nea yɛtaa susuw ho bere a yɛte asɛmfua "forensic" anaa "forensic " wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu no. Wɔyɛ eyinom sɛ mmara mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow no fã. Asɛmfua "forensic" kyerɛ sɛ "ɛfa nyansahu akwan a wɔfa so siesie nsɛmmɔnedi ho." Fa no sɛ, sɛ polisifo hwehwɛ owu bi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ mu a, eyi ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ.

Mpɛn pii no, wɔ Sri Lanka ne aman afoforo a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa no, mmara no kyerɛ nsɛm pɔtee bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ asɛnnibea. Sɛ yɛbɛka no ɔkwan biara so a, owu ahorow a edidi so yi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ asɛnnibea:

• Ɛnyɛ awosu: Ɛne sɛ, sɛ biribi te sɛ awudi, obi a okum ne ho, anaa akwanhyia bi na ɛmaa owu no bae a.
• Owu a ɛba mpofirim anaasɛ wɔnhwɛ kwan: titiriw akokoaa anaa abofra kumaa.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ a: Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ owu no ho a.
• Sɛ wonnim nea ɛde owu bae a.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ owu a basabasayɛ wom a.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ owu a wonni ho adanse a .
• Sɛ owuo no sii esiane akwanhyia bi a esii wɔ adwumam (Acute Workplace Injury) mu a.
• Owu a mfiridwuma mu asiane bi de ba: Sɛ nhwɛso no, ogya anaa nnuru a awuduru wom a ɛretu.
• Sɛ owu bi si wɔ aduruyɛ anaa oprehyɛn ayaresa mu anaasɛ bere a wɔreyɛ no akyi, ne sɛ wɔabɔ sobo sɛ wɔyɛɛ anibiannaso wɔ aduruyɛ mu a.
• Owu a ɛnam aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu ba ne:Ɛno kyerɛ owu a ɛba bere a wɔde aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ama obi ma wɔayɛ oprehyɛn anaa aduruyɛ foforo bi akyi.

Nnipa a wɔwɔ tumi sɛ wɔhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛte saa no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ ɔman biara mu. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Coroner anaa Aduruyɛ mu Nhwehwɛmufo
• Ɔtemmufo
• Polisi

2. Ayaresabea amu mu nhwehwɛmu (Clinical Autopsy) .

Wɔsan frɛ eyi Pathological Autopsy . Mpɛn pii no, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi a ɔwɔ ayaresabea na ɔyɛ eyi de hu nea ɛde owu ba ankasa sɛ obi wu a efi awosu mu a , anaasɛ ɔbɛte ase yiye.

Abɔde mu owu yɛ owu a ɛba bere a nipadua no gyae adwumayɛ esiane biribi a efi nipadua no mu te sɛ kokoram, komayare, anaa ɔyare a ɛde ɔyare ba nti. Ɛne sɛ, abɔnten so ade biara nni hɔ a ɛde owu ba (e.g., opira, nsu a ɛmene).

Ɛtɔ da bi a, owufoɔ no abusuafoɔ a wɔbɛn no – kyerɛ sɛ, abusua no – bɛtumi abisa sɛ wɔnyɛ funu mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛte saa. Fa no sɛ, abusua no pɛ sɛ wohu, "Dɛn na ɛtoo yɛn nipa no ankasa, dɛn ankasa ne yare no?" Afei wobetumi abisa eyi. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ foforo no, oduruyɛfo a ɔsaa onipa no yare no nso betumi anya kwan afi abusuafo no hɔ na wayɛ funu mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛte saa.

Bere tenten ahe na wobetumi ayɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ owu akyi?

Wobetumi ayɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu bere biara wɔ owu akyi. Nanso, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛyɛ no ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ, bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 24 akyi no, nipadua no akwaa ne ntini afoforo fi ase porɔw. Eyi ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow bi na wɔahwɛ sɛnea nea efi mu ba no yɛ nokware.

Forensic pathologists betumi ayɛ afunu mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ afunu a aporɔw anaa afunu a wɔatu mu. Nanso, ebia nsɛm ne adanse dodow a wobetumi ahu wɔ nsɛm a ɛtete saa mu no sua.

Hena na ɔreyɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu yi?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, oduruyɛfo titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no ɔyaresafo na ɔyɛ eyi . Pathology yɛ aduruyɛ fã bi a nea ɛka ho ne nipadua mu ntini a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu de hwehwɛ yare anaa asɛnnibea.

Nyarewa ho animdefo a wɔyɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu no yɛ nnuruyɛfo. Wɔwɔ nimdeɛ pii ne ntetee titiriw a ɛfa onipa nipadua ho. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ obi bɛyɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo a, egye mfe 11 kosi 13 nhomasua.

Ebia woate obi a wɔfrɛ no "Medical Examiner" a ɔreyɛ funu ho nhwehwɛmu. Wɔtaa de "Medical Examiner" di dwuma sɛ adwuma din ma forensic pathologist, mpɛn pii no aban adwumayɛfo a ɔyɛ forensic funu nhwehwɛmu.

Dɛn na wɔyɛ ankasa bere a wɔreyɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu no?

Ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu no betumi ayɛ soronko kakra a egyina nea enti a wɔyɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu no so. Mpɛn pii no, amu a wɔyɛ wɔ asɛnnibea no yɛ nea ɛkɔ akyiri yiye. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔhwehwɛ nipadua no fã biara mu. Wɔtaa nso de nsɛmmɔnedibea nhwehwɛmu ne awuduru ho adesua ka ho – awuduru ho adesua, nea efi mu ba, ne nea wohu.

Nanso, bere a wɔreyɛ afunu mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ ayaresabea no, nipadua no afã horow pɔtee bi nkutoo na wobetumi ayɛ mu nhwehwɛmu. Afei nso, wɔntaa nyɛ awuduru ho nhwehwɛmu wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu.

Mpɛn pii no, ebia anammɔn a wɔfa so yɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu no te sɛ eyi:

1. Ɔyare ho ɔyaresafo no de ahwɛyiye de owufo no amu gu nhwehwɛmu pon so.

2. Afei, wɔhwɛ nipadua no akyi yiye. Wɔhwehwɛ biribiara a ɛyɛ soronko, biribiara a ebetumi ne owu no wɔ abusuabɔ. Wɔkyerɛw eyinom nyinaa gu kasɛt so. Wobetumi atwa nipadua no mfonini ne X-ray nso.

3. Afei, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no de scalpel a ano yɛ nnam twa honam ani fi ne kɔn mu kɔ yafunu no ase na ɔhwehwɛ nipadua no mu. Ɛhɔ no, woyi ntini ne akwaa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa na wɔhwehwɛ mu, ne nea ɛyɛ pɔtee nso.

4. Wɔfa ntini nketenkete bi fi akwaa ahorow mu na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu.

5. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no twa ti nhwi ne ti nhwi no mu na ɔhwehwɛ amemene no mu.

6. Wɔfa nipadua mu nsu, ntini, ne akwaa nhwɛsode na wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow (e.g., nnuru mu nhwehwɛmu, awuduru mu nhwehwɛmu) wɔ aduruyɛdan ahorow mu.

7. Wɔ forensic funu nhwehwɛmu mu no, wɔboaboa nneɛma a "ɛnyɛ abɔde mu" (e.g., nneɛma a asɛe, atuo) a wohu wɔ nipadua no mu anaa akyi no ano na wɔhwehwɛ mu.

8. Sɛ wɔyɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ asɛnnibea akyi a, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no taa de akwaa no san kɔ nipadua no mu, gye amemene no nkutoo, na ɔpam honam ani denneennen. Ɛne sɛ, wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma abɛn mfitiase de no sɛnea wobetumi. Nanso, wɔ afunu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ayaresabea mu no, mpɛn pii no wɔmfa akwaa ahorow nsan nkɔ nipadua no mu. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ wobetumi de akwaa no ayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo, na ebia wɔde ayɛ aduruyɛ ho adesuafo adesua mpo.

9. Nanso, ɔyare ho animdefo bɔ mmɔden bere nyinaa sɛ wɔde obu bedi owufo no nipadua ho dwuma na wɔde aba tebea a eye sen biara a wɔde yɛ ahosiesie mu.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ ɔyaresafo no de akwaa ahorow bi sie ma wɔsan yɛ ho nhwehwɛmu, anaasɛ obetumi akora akwaa ahorow so sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ Mpene Krataa no mu no. Sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nyinaa wie a, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no siesie Amanneɛbɔ a Ɛkɔ Akyiri.

Botae Afoforo a Ɛwɔ Forensic Autopsy ho

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, atirimpɔw titiriw a ɛwɔ amu mu nhwehwɛmu biara mu ne sɛ wobehu nea ɛde owu bae. Nanso, amu a wɔyɛ wɔ asɛnnibea no wɔ atirimpɔw pɔtee afoforo pii:

• Onipa a Wɔde Besi Hɔ: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wonnim onii ko a owufo no yɛ. Afei nneɛma te sɛ nsateaa nkyerɛwee ne DNA nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa wɔ eyi mu.
• Boa a wɔboa ma wosi sobo ahorow a ɛfa ɔkwan a wɔfaa so wui ho no so dua anaasɛ wɔbɔ no gu: Ɛne sɛ, boa a wogyina nnuruyɛ mu adanse so hu sɛ ebia owu bi yɛ awudi anaa akwanhyia.
• Bere a Wobebu Fi bere a Wowu.

Bere tenten ahe na egye amu mu nhwehwɛmu?

Mpɛn pii no, egye nnɔnhwerew abien kosi anan na ɔyare ho ɔbenfo ahwɛ nipadua no mu. Wɔbɛwie amu mu nhwehwɛmu no na wɔanya nea edi kan a wobenya afi mu aba wɔ nna abien kosi abiɛsa ntam.

Nanso, mpɛn pii no ebetumi agye adapɛn asia anaa nea ɛboro saa ansa na wɔayɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu ho amanneɛbɔ a edi mũ. Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama wɔakyɛ yi:

• Sɛ́ ɛyɛ forensic anaa ayaresabea amu a wɔde hwehwɛ amu no.
• Sɛnea owu no yɛ den ne/anaasɛ sɛnea adanse no yɛ den.
• Sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no twɛn nea ebefi nhwehwɛmu afoforo mu aba (e.g. mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, DNA nhwehwɛmu).
• Afunu mu nhwehwɛmu dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo yɛ wɔ bere pɔtee bi mu ne ɔyare ho animdefo dodow a wɔwɔ saa beae no.

Dɛn na ɛwɔ Autopsy Report mu?

Amanneɛbɔ a wɔde hwehwɛ funu mu yɛ krataa a ɛwɔ nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri a ɛfa biribiara a wɔahu, nhwehwɛmu, ne sɔhwɛ biara a wɔyɛ wɔ amu no ho.

Eyi taa ka Nea ɛde Owu Ba ne Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Du Owu no mu pefee . Pathologist no gyina nyansahu ne aduruyɛ mu adanse so kyekyɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so wu no mu akuw anum no mu biako:

1. Akwanhyia

2. Abɔde mu Nneɛma a Ɛde Ba

3. Awudisɛm

4. Nnipa a wokum wɔn ho

5. Wɔnhyɛɛ gyinae

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɔyare ho ɔbenfo yɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu yiye no, wontumi nhu nea ɛde owu bae. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ "negative" anaa "obscure" funu mu nhwehwɛmu . Daakye, ɛdenam aduruyɛdan mu akwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so no, ebia wobetumi ahu nea ɛde owu a ɛte saa ba akyiri yi.

Dɛn na amanneɛbɔ a wɔde hwehwɛ amu mu ka ankasa?

Amanneɛbɔ a wɔde hwehwɛ amu no kura nea efii nyansahu mu nhwehwɛmu ne sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔyɛe wɔ amu no ne amu no mu mu bae. Nanso, amu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ asɛnnibea nkutoo ntumi nkyerɛ sɛnea obi wui wɔ mmara kwan so. Wɔ aman dodow no ara mu no, Asɛnnibea na esi gyinae a etwa to. Aban ahwehwɛfo ne mmara kwan so ananmusifo afoforo de nsɛm a ɛwɔ afunu mu nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ no mu ne adanse afoforo a wɔaboaboa ano bom de ba awiei wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfaa so wui no ho.

Ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae sɛ ɛmfa ho nimdeɛ ne ntetee dodow a ɔyare ho animdefo wɔ no, wɔyɛ nnipa te sɛ yɛn ara. Te sɛ obiara no, wobetumi adi mfomso. Anaasɛ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia wontumi nhu nea ɛde owu bae ankasa. Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, abusua anaa mmara kwan so mpanyimfo betumi abisa sɛ wɔmfa ɔyare ho ɔbenfo foforo nhwehwɛ owufo no amu mu ne mprenu so.

Mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ amu mu nhwehwɛmu so?

Mfaso pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi anya afi funu mu nhwehwɛmu mu. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Aduruyɛ ho nimdeɛ a yɛbɛtrɛw mu: Titiriw afunu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ayaresabea ma nnuruyɛfo ma wɔte nyarewa ne sɛnea ɛka yɛn nipadua no ase kɛse. Aduruyɛ ho nimdeɛ a wobenya afi eyi mu no bɛyɛ nea ɛho hia yiye na ama ayaresa atu mpɔn daakye.
• Owu pii a wobesiw ano: Bere bi a atwam no, ɔyare ho animdefo a wɔyɛ amu mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ asɛnnibea no ahu ɔmanfo akwahosan ho nsɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ te sɛ anthrax amumɔyɛfo ntua. Saa ara nso na wɔahu ɔmanfo akwahosan ho asiane ahorow te sɛ mpa anaa kar nkongua a asɛe a ama nkokoaa awuwu no nso denam nhwehwɛmu a ɛtete saa so.
• Awosu mu Tebea a Wobehu: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, funu mu nhwehwɛmu da no adi sɛ owufo no wui esiane awo mu tebea bi a na wonni kan nhu anaasɛ wɔanhu no yiye nti. Eyi betumi aboa owufo no mogya abusuafo ma wɔahu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya yare no.
• Mmara mu Adanse a Wɔde Ma: Afunu mu nhwehwɛmu boa kɛse wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm te sɛ awudi a wodi ho dwuma mu. Nanso, wobetumi de mmara kwan so adanse nso ama wɔ nsɛm te sɛ adwumam owu, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho asiane, anaa aduruyɛ mu nneyɛe bɔne mu. Owu ahorow yi betumi ama wɔde wɔn akɔ asɛnnibea mpo.
• Akyinnyegye ahorow a wobeyi afi hɔ:Sɛ afunu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ayaresabea de nea ɛde owu bae ho mmuae ma, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ yare a wohui ne ayaresa a owufo no nyae no teɛ a, ɛtaa ma abusuafo ne wɔn adɔfo te nka sɛ wɔato mu anaasɛ wɔkyekye wɔn werɛ. Sɛ́ anka wobɛtra adwenem naayɛ so no, mmuae a wubenya no betumi aboa wo ma woadi awerɛhow na woagyina wo dɔfo wu no ano.

Sika ahe na wɔbɔ wɔ amu mu nhwehwɛmu ho ?

Ayaresabea dodow no ara nnye sika wɔ afunu mu nhwehwɛmu a ɔyare ho ɔbenfo yɛ wɔ ayaresabea ho, na wɔde afunu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ owudifo anaa aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmufo tumi ase nso ma kwa.

Nanso, ebia wobetua sika de afunu akɔ ayaresabea na wɔasan aba. Nea ɛka ho no, ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wutua awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ho ka na ama woahu tebea horow a wonya fi awo mu.

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Afunu mu nhwehwɛmu ho hia yiye ma aduruyɛ mu ne atɛntrenee a wɔde di dwuma nso. Wɔboa kɛse ma wɔtrɛw aduruyɛ ho nimdeɛ mu na wonya nsɛmmisa a wonnim ho mmuae.

Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wo dɔfo no funu mu nhwehwɛmu a, hu sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no de ahwɛyiye ne obu kɛse bedi amu no ho dwuma. Wɔde wɔn nimdeɛ bedi dwuma de ama wo aduruyɛ mu mmuae biara a ebetumi aba.

Ɛyɛ den kakra sɛ wobɛka biribi a ɛte sɛɛ ho asɛm, nanso mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi ho bɛba wo mfaso.

`Autopsy, Owu akyi nhwehwɛmu, Nea ɛde owu bae, Pathologist, Forensic Autopsy, Clinical Autopsy