Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka, wo ho adwiriw wo, na wuntumi nsi pi bere a wɔahu sɛ wowɔ kokoram no. "Dɛn na ɛbɛba mprempren?" ne "Ayaresa bɛn na mehia?" ebia wɔ w’adwene mu. Nanso so wunim sɛ kokoram koro te sɛ nufu mu kokoram mpo betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho? Te sɛ yɛn nsateaa nkyerɛwee no, kokoram biara wɔ ‘awosu mu nsɛnkyerɛnne’ soronko bi. Ɛdenam saa nsaano nkyerɛwee no a wɔkenkan so no, mprempren aduruyɛ ho nyansahu atumi apaw ayaresa a eye sen biara na etu mpɔn sen biara a wɔde sa wo kokoram no. Ɛnnɛ, yɛreka saa ɔsesɛw kwan no ho asɛm, a ɛne genomic sɔhwɛ.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne genomic sɔhwɛ?
Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ asɛmfua a ɛyɛ den, nanso adwene no yɛ mmerɛw yiye. Susuw ho hwɛ, nkwammoaa ɔpepem pii na ɛka bom yɛ yɛn nipadua. Wɔnam awosu mu nkwaadɔm so ma nkwammoaa biara akwankyerɛ. Kokoram nkwammoaa yɛ nkwammoaa bi a saa akwankyerɛ nhyehyɛe yi ayɛ basaa na ɛpaapae a wontumi nni so.
Genomic nhwehwɛmu hwehwɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛwɔ wo kokoram nkwammoaa mu no mu kɔ akyiri. Afei etumi hu nsakrae pɔtee bi, anaa nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae, wɔ saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm no mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛda kokoam mmara a ɛboa ma kokoram nyin na ɛtrɛw no adi.
Nanso eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ a kokoram ɔyarefo biara hia. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia kokoram a enyin brɛoo yiye na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔde ayaresa a wɔtaa de sa yare no renhia nhwehwɛmu a emu dɔ saa. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde eyinom di dwuma ma kokoram a wɔntaa nhu, anaasɛ kokoram a enni ayaresa a wɔtaa de di dwuma no ho dwuma. Wo duruyɛfo ne onipa a oye sen biara a obesi gyinae yi.
Mfaso titiriw bɛn na ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi so?
Dɛn nti na oduruyɛfo bi bɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu yi akyerɛ? Nneɛma pii nti na ɛte saa. Saa sɔhwɛ yi betumi ayɛ adwinnade a ɛho hia yiye wɔ kokoram ayaresa nhyehyɛe a wɔbɛkyerɛ mu.
| Mfaso a ɛwɔ so | Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a... |
|---|---|
| Ayaresa a ɛfata wo a wobɛpaw (Targeted Therapy) . | Bere bi a atwam no, na wɔsa kokoram wɔ ɔkwan a ‘ɛfata obiara’ so. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ aduru koro no ara ma obiara a ɔwɔ ahurututu mu kokoram. Ɛnyɛ saa bio. Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu hu kokoram no ‘nsakrae’ na ɛma wonya nnuru a ɛtow hyɛ saa nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae no nkutoo so (Targeted Therapy). Sɛ nhwɛso no, ayarefo binom a wɔwɔ ahurututu mu kokoram wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae bi a wɔfrɛ no (EGFR). Wɔma wɔn nnuru a ɛde n’ani si saa awosu mu abɔde no so. Nnuru pɔtee bi nso wɔ hɔ, te sɛ (PARP inhibitors), a wɔde sa nufu, awotwaa, ne prostate kokoram a (BRCA) awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae wom. |
| Tumi a wotumi gyina ayaresa ano no ase | Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, kokoram nkwammoaa yɛ anifere paa. Bere kɔ so no, nnuru a wɔde ma wɔn no tumi ko tia. Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu betumi adi kan akyerɛ sɛ ebia wo kokoram no betumi agyina ayaresa pɔtee bi ano anaa. Sɛ saa a, wo duruyɛfo betumi afi ayaresa foforo a etu mpɔn ase fi mfiase. |
| Hwɛ sɛ ebia ayaresa foforo ho hia anaa | Fa no sɛ wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn de ayi kokoram bi afi hɔ. So asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ kokoram no bɛsan aba bio? Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu betumi asusuw sɛnea kokoram no yɛ basabasa na wɔabu asiane kɛse a ɛwɔ mu no ho akontaa. Sɛ asiane no sõ a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔsa yare foforo (sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru a wɔde sa yare) na amma kokoram no ansan amma bio. |
| Nneɛma bɔne a efi mu ba a wɔbɛtew so | Ɛnyɛ kokoram nkwammoaa nko na atetesɛm mu ayaresa te sɛ nnuru a wɔde sa yare ne mframa a wɔde sa yare betumi akum wɔn na mmom nkwammoaa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden nso. Ɛno nti na nsunsuanso bɔne te sɛ ti nhwi a ɛtɔ ne ɔfe wɔ hɔ no. Nanso ayaresa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so, a wohu denam awosu mu nhwehwɛmu so no te sɛ aprɛm a ɛbɔ nea wɔde asi wɔn ani so no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ɛkɔ kokoram nkwammoaa no mu tẽẽ na ɛbɔ wɔn nkutoo. Enti, ɔsɛe ne nsunsuanso bɔne a ɛba nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw so no sua koraa. |
| Ayaresa foforo a wobenya (Clinical Trial) . | Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde sɔ hwɛ a ebia ɛbɛyɛ adwuma yiye asen ayaresa a wɔapene so mprempren. Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no ‘Clinical Trials’. Sɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo bi wɔ wiase baabi a ɛne awosu mu nsakrae a ɛba wo kokoram mu no hyia a, sɔhwɛ yi nso betumi aboa ma wo ne no abɔ. |
Mɛyɛ dɛn asi gyinae sɛ mepɛ sɛ meyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?
Eyi ne asɛmmisa a ɛho hia sen biara. Kae sɛ eyi nyɛ gyinae a ɛsɛ sɛ wo nkutoo si. Eyi yɛ gyinae a ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne wo oncologist bom si .
Wo duruyɛfo besusuw nneɛma pii ho ansa na wakamfo nhwehwɛmu yi akyerɛ:
- Wo kokoram no su ne ne gyinabea.
- Ayaresa bɛn na woanya wɔ bere a atwam no mu ne sɛnea woyɛɛ w’ade wɔ ho.
- W’akwahosan nyinaa.
- Gyina nsɛm a wonya fii sɔhwɛ yi mu so kyerɛ sɛ ebia ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde wɔn ani asi so a wobetumi de ama wo anaa.
Nsuro sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛka eyi ho asɛm pefee. Bisa nsɛm te sɛ, "Oduruyɛfo, so awosu mu nhwehwɛmu yi fata ma me kokoram?", "Mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ nhwehwɛmu yi so ma me?", "So m'ayaresa nhyehyɛe bɛsakra a egyina nea efi nhwehwɛmu yi mu ba so?" Ɛyɛ wo duruyɛfoɔ asɛdeɛ sɛ ɔkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu wɔ ɔkwan a wobɛtumi ate aseɛ so.
Saa mfiridwuma yi de bɔhyɛ kɛse aba kokoram ayaresa mu. Seesei yɛwɔ tumi a yɛde bɛma ɔyarefo biara ayaresa a ɛyɛ pɛ a ɛfata obiara no aba awiei na yɛama ɔyarefo biara ayaresa a ɛfata a wɔayɛ ama ne kokoram no awosu mu nneɛma. Ɛno yɛ asɛm kɛse ankasa.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Kokoram nyɛ yare biako pɛ. Kokoram biara wɔ n’ankasa awosu mu sɛnkyerɛnne soronko.
- Wɔde awosu mu nhwehwɛmu di dwuma de hu awosu mu nsakrae pɔtee (nsakrae) a ɛba kokoram nkwammoaa mu.
- Sɛ wɔde saa nsɛm yi di dwuma a, wobetumi apaw ayaresa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so a wɔde wɔn ani asi kokoram no so, enni nsunsuanso bɔne pii, na etu mpɔn kɛse.
- Saa nhwehwɛmu yi ho nhia mma ɔyarefo biara, na wo ne wo duruyɛfo no susuw ho na wosi gyinae a eye sen biara.
- Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa wo oncologist no mfiridwuma foforo yi ho asɛm. Sɛ wobɛbɔ wo amanneɛ a, ɛyɛ anammɔn a ɛho hia wɔ w’ayaresa akwantuo no mu.
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