Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wɔka kyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya ho amanneɛbɔ, nsu ho amanneɛbɔ, ɛnte saa? Anaasɛ wɔhwɛ wo mogya mmoroso (BP), wo koma bɔ (koma a ɛbɔ). Nokwarem no, ɛdenam saa nneɛma yi nyinaa so no, oduruyɛfo no rebɔ mmɔden sɛ obenya tebea a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no ho adwene a emu da hɔ. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka saa ‘ biomarkers ’ yi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu na ɛma yenya yɛn akwahosan ho nsɛm a ɛsom bo kɛse yi ho asɛm .
Dɛn ankasa ne biomarkers?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, biomarker yɛ wo nipadua no su biara a wotumi susuw. Wobetumi ahu wɔ wo mogya, nipadua mu nsu afoforo (te sɛ nsu mu nsu), anaa ntini mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a nnuruyɛfo frɛ wɔn ``Molecular markers'' anaa ``Signature molecules''.
Fa no sɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ wo kar no dashboard so no. Sɛnea ‘check engine’ kanea no sɔ bere a ɔhaw bi wɔ engine no mu no, saa biomarkers yi ma yenya nsɛnkyerɛnne, sɛnkyerɛnne, fa yare tebea bi, adeyɛ bi a ɛnteɛ, anaa adeyɛ a ɛfata wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ho. Afei nso, sɛ woreyɛ yare bi ayaresa a, nnuruyɛfo de saa biomarkers yi di dwuma de hu sɛnea wo nipadua reyɛ n’ade wɔ saa ayaresa no ho.
Dɛn ne biomarkers ahorow atitiriw?
Wobetumi akyekyɛ biomarkers mu ahorow pii. Ɛsono sɛnea type biara ka wo nipadua ho asɛm. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea saa ahorow atitiriw yi yɛ.
| Biomarker Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Yɛ | Dɛn na ɛno ka? |
|---|---|
| Nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu yare | Eyinom boa ma wuhu sɛ ebia wowɔ yare pɔtee bi anaa. Eyi ma oduruyɛfo no tumi hu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ. |
| Nneɛma a wɔhwɛ so | Wɔde eyinom di dwuma de hwɛ wo tebea no so bere tenten (adapɛn, asram, anaa mfe) na wɔhwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ yiye, ɛyɛ kɛse, anaasɛ ɛtra hɔ sɛnea ɛte no ara . |
| Nsɛm a wɔka sie | Eyinom boa oduruyɛfo no ma ɔkyerɛ sɛnea wo nipadua bɛyɛ n’ade wɔ ayaresa pɔtee bi ho. |
| Sɛnea Ɛyɛ mmerɛw/Asiane | Wɔde eyinom di dwuma de hu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya yare bi. Wobetumi ayɛ eyi ansa na yare no akɔ wo nipadua mu mpo. |
| Nkɔmhyɛ a wɔde ma | Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ yare no wie a, eyinom betumi ama woahu sɛnea wo tebea no bɛyɛ daakye . |
Dɛn ne Biomarkers a yenim no yiye?
Ebia biomarkers bɛyɛ te sɛ asɛmfua a wunnim, nanso wunim emu pii dedaw.
Eyinom yɛ biomarkers a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, da biara da:
- Wo mogya mmoroso: Eyi ka pii fa wo koma ne wo mogya ntini ahorow akwahosan ho.
- X-ray nhwehwɛmu: Eyi yɛ biomarker a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma te sɛ dompe a abubu anaa ahurututu mu yare.
- Nea efi CAT scan mu ba: Ɛma akwaa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no ho mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri.
- Pulse: Biomarker a ɛnyɛ den a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea koma bɔ.
Nanso nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ eyi akyi no, biomarker ahorow a ɛyɛ den kɛse nso wɔ hɔ a wɔsɔ hwɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan ahorow mu.
- Lab nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ mogya ne ntini mu: Sɛ nhwɛso no, mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔfrɛ no HbA1c ma obi a ɔwɔ asikreyare betumi akyerɛ sɛnea wɔadi asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wɔn mogya mu no so yiye wɔ asram 3 a atwam no mu pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Molecules a efi akisikuru mu: Kokoram ahorow bi ma protein pɔtee bi kɔ mogya no mu. Wobetumi asusuw eyinom de aboa ma wɔahu kokoram.
COVID-19 ɔyaredɔm no mu no, yɛn nyinaa ate `(PCR)` sɔhwɛ no ho asɛm, ɛnte saa? Ɛyɛ biomarker sɔhwɛ ho nhwɛso kɛse nso. Ɛhwehwɛ mmoawa no awosu mu asinasin wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛnyɛ COVID-19 nko na wɔde hu, na mmom nneɛma afoforo pii.
Dɛn nti na biomarkers ho hia yɛn?
Biomarkers nyɛ akontaabu a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ bi so kɛkɛ. Wɔma nnuruyɛfo nya yɛn akwahosan ho nsɛm a ɛsom bo pii . Wɔboa ma wosusuw baabi a nhyehyɛe bi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu reyɛ adwuma sɛnea ɛsɛ anaasɛ ɛnyɛ ne kwan so kodu.
Titiriw wɔ kokoram a wohu ne ayaresa mu
Sɛ ɛba kokoram so a, biomarkers yɛ adwinnade a ɛho hia yiye. Eyinom betumi ayɛ protein, awosu, anaa nneɛma afoforo.
- Ɛboa ma wohu kokoram ntɛm: Wobetumi de biomarker nhwehwɛmu ahu kokoram ahorow bi ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ada adi. Sɛ wohu kokoram ntɛm a , ɛkyerɛ sɛ hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ayaresa no bɛyɛ yiye no dɔɔso kɛse.
- Wobetumi ahyɛ sɛnea kokoram no mu yɛ den ho nkɔm: Biomarkers boa oduruyɛfo no ma ɔte baabi a kokoram no atrɛw akodu wɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa ne fã a ɛwɔ mu ase.
- Ɛkyerɛ wo kwan ma paw ayaresa a ɛfata: Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara. Biomarkers binom betumi akyerɛ wo sɛ ebia wo nipadua bɛyɛ n’ade wɔ aduru pɔtee bi a ekum kokoram (chemotherapy) ho anaasɛ ɛnte saa. Afei wubetumi apaw ayaresa a ɛfata wo yiye , akwati nnuru a mfaso nni so na ɛde nsunsuanso bɔne nkutoo ba.
- Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ kokoram bɛsan aba bio a wɔbɛsusu: Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn yi kokoram akisikuru bi akyi a, wɔhwehwɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ akisikuru no mu na wɔde `asiane a ɛbɛsan aba no nkontabuo` ma de bu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ kokoram no bɛsan aba no ho akontaa. Eyi betumi aboa kɛse wɔ gyinaesi ahorow a ɛfa daakye ayaresa ho no mu.
Wɔde din ahorow frɛ saa biomarker nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔde hu kokoram yi. Sɛ wo amanneɛbɔ no kura nsɛmfua yi a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ biomarker sɔhwɛ.
- Genomic nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ
- Molekyule mu sɔhwɛ
- Tumor marker nhwehwɛmu
- Awo ntoatoaso a edi hɔ a wɔde di dwuma nnidiso nnidiso (NGS) .
- Somatic sɔhwɛ
Biomarkers ne nnuruyɛ daakye
Ɛnyɛ kokoram nkutoo na hia a biomarkers ho hia. Nhwehwɛmufo de biomarkers di dwuma de susuw sɛnea nnuru foforo ka nkurɔfo bere a wɔreyɛ nnuru foforo no.
Saa ara nso na anidaso kɛse wɔ biomarkers a ɛwɔ adwenemyare (adwene mu yare) mu no ho. Mprempren wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ sɛ wobetumi de biomarkers adi dwuma de ahu adwenemyare (e.g., adwenemhaw) na wɔahu sɛnea ayarefo yɛ wɔn ade wɔ nnuru ho anaa. Sɛ eyi di yiye a, ɛbɛyɛ yiye daakye sɛ wɔde adwene mu ayaresa a wɔayɛ ama ankorankoro biara bɛma , sen sɛ wɔde "ɔkwan biako a ɛfata obiara" bɛma.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Biomarkers yɛ w’akwahosan ho nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛho hia a wobetumi asusuw wɔ nneɛma te sɛ wo mogya, wo nsu, ne wo ntini mu.
- Biomarkers no bi ne nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ mogya mmoroso ne X-ray, ne nneɛma a ɛyɛ den te sɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu.
- Eyinom ho hia yiye ma yare bi a wobehu ntɛm, titiriw kokoram, ahwɛ sɛnea ɛrekɔ so, ne ayaresa a ɛfata wo yiye a wobɛpaw.
- Sɛ wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ biomarker nhwehwɛmu a, nsuro sɛ wubebisa nea enti a ɛte saa. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw nea ebefi mu aba no ho bere nyinaa.
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