So mogya tu wo ntɛm nso? So ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛpirapira? Momma yensua Bleeding Diathesis ho ade!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ mogya retu wo sen sɛnea wususuw, esiane sɛ woatwitwa wo ketewaa bi mpo nti? Anaasɛ wodan bruu na woyɛ akuru kɛkɛ? Anaasɛ bere nyinaa na mogya tu wo sẽ bere a worehohoro wo sẽ no? Sɛ wuhyia saa nneɛma yi a, ebia wo nso wobɛma mogya atɔ wo asen sɛnea ɛte daa . Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka saa tebea yi (Bleeding Diathesis) ho asɛm. Mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛho hia paa sɛ wuhu eyi.

Dɛn ne eyi (Bleeding Diathesis), Oduruyɛfo?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Bleeding Diathesis yɛ tebea a ɛma mogya tu wo nipadua no ntɛmntɛm na ɛsen sɛnea ɛte daa. Asɛmfua "diathesis" no fi Hela kasa mu, a ɛkyerɛ su a ɛkɔ tebea pɔtee bi mu.

Saa mogya a ɛtɔ yi betumi ayɛ nea ɛwɔ nipadua no mu (mogya a ɛba nipadua no mu) anaa akyi (mogya a ɛba akyi). Mogya a ɛba yɛn mu yɛ mogya a yɛnhu. Mogya a ɛtɔ fi akyi yɛ mogya a efi opira mu ba. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia wobɛpirapira a ntease biara nnim. Ntease pii betumi ama eyi aba. Ebetumi ayɛ mogya mu yare anaa awosu mu tebea bi. Asɛmpa no ne sɛ nnuruyɛfo betumi adi mogya a ɛretu yi so na wɔasa tebea a ɛde ba a ɛde ba no.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ eyi reto me anaa? Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?

Sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Bleeding Diathesis a, wubetumi apirapira anaasɛ mogya atɔ wo ntɛm. Hwɛ sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi bi anaa:

• Mogya a ɛretu wo sẽ: So wunya mogya wɔ wo sẽ brɔs anaa floss so bere a worebɔ wo sẽ anaa wo sẽ ntam no? So eyi taa si?
• Mogya a ɛtu dodo: So mogya tu wo boro nea wobɛhwɛ kwan, mpo esiane opira ketewaa bi mpo nti? Anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobegyae mogya a ɛretu no? So mogya tu wo sen sɛnea wotaa tu, te sɛ awo akyi anaa oprehyɛn akyi?
• Menorrhagia: So wo nna a ɛba ɔsram biara no kɔ so nna pii? So emu yɛ duru sen sɛnea ɛtaa yɛ no? So mogya a ɛtwetwe akɛse wɔ hɔ?
• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nkwaa mu (Hemarthrosis): Fa no sɛ, nkwaa te sɛ wo kotodwe anaa wo nsateaa hohoro mpofirim, ɛyɛ yaw, na sɛ woka a, ɛyɛ hyew? Eyi fi mogya a ɛhyɛn nkwaa no mu.
• Nsu tuntum (Melena): So wo nsukorade yɛ tuntum tuntum, te sɛ tar? Eyi betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya retu wo wɔ wo aduan mu fã a ɛwɔ soro te sɛ wo menewam anaa wo yafunu mu.
• Nsonsonoe nketenkete kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ honam ani `(Petechiae)`: So wowɔ nsensanee kɔkɔɔ nketenkete wɔ wo honam ani, anaasɛ yɛbɛka no yiye a, wɔ honam ani, a ɛte sɛ nea wɔde pin ketewaa bi na ɛbɔɔ no?
• Mogya a ɛwɔ honam ani `(Purpura): So nsensanee kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ, anaa bruu wɔ honam ani a ɛte sɛ mogya a ɛretu fi mogya ntini nketenkete mu? Eyinom yɛ akɛse kakra sen `Petechiae`.
• Mogya a ɛba hwene mu a enni nea ɛde ba (Epistaxis): .So mogya tu wo hwene bere a wugyina hɔ ara kwa mpo? So ɛtɔ mmere bi a mogya tu araa ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobegyae?

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wotaa hu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwehwɛ afotu.

Dɛn nti na mogya taa tu yɛn kɛse saa? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Mpɛn pii no, aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛda adi na ɛde mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua no mu ba. Nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ nneɛma a ɛde ba yi mu akuw atitiriw pii. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

Mogya a Ɛtu Ho Nsɛnnennen

Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wo mogya ntumi nkɔ sɛnea ɛsɛ, enti wo mogya tu sen sɛnea ɛte daa. Eyi ho nhwɛso ne:

• Fibrinogen a enni nipadua no mu tebea horow: Fibrinogen yɛ protein a ɛboa ma mogya tu. Nnuruyɛfo nso frɛ no ade a ɛma mogya tu anaa nea ɛma mogya tu. Sɛ wunni fibrinogen a ɛdɔɔso wɔ wo nipadua mu, anaasɛ fibrinogen a wowɔ no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, ebia mogya bɛtɔ wo ntɛm anaasɛ worentumi nnyae mogya.
• Hemophilia: Eyi yɛ yare a ɛntaa nsi, a efi awosu mu a ɛma mogya no nso ntumi nkɔ yiye.
• Mmɛn mu yare: Bere a mmerɛbo mu yare kɔ so no, mogya mmoroso ne akuru betumi aba. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ, mmerɛbo no na ɛyɛ nneɛma a ehia ma mogya tu no bi.
• Von Willebrand yare: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛmma mogya nkɔ nipadua no mu, te sɛ hemophilia, nanso ɛtaa ba.

Nyarewa afoforo a ɛma mogya tu

Mogya a ɛma mogya tu no bi wɔ hɔ a ɛma nipadua no yɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe a ɛho nhia. Nanso nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa tebea horow yi betumi ama mogya atu obi a wontumi nni so. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ wɔde nneɛma a ɛma mogya tu a ehia ma mogya tu no di dwuma dodo. Nhwɛso ahorow:

• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Eyi yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den yiye. Ɛba sɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo a emu yɛ den mu nsɛnnennen. Sɛ wɔansa no ntɛm a, ebetumi de ne nkwa ato asiane mu.
• Thrombocythemia: Wɔ tebea yi mu no, wo mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ama mogya atu dodo.

Nkwammoaa a Ɛma Nkwammoaa Mu Nyarewa

Nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛboa ma mogya tu bere a woayɛ kuru no. Ɔhaw ahorow betumi aba saa mogya nkwammoaa yi nso ho.

• Thrombocytopenia: Eyi yɛ mogya mu mogya nkwammoaa dodow a ɛso tew. Eyi betumi ama akisikuru a ɛnyɛ den na ama ayɛ den sɛ obegyae mogya a ɛretu no.
• Thrombocytosis a ɛma mogya tu:Eyi fi mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ mogya no mu. Eyi nso betumi ama mogya atɔw wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so na ɛtɔ mmere bi a mogya atu.

Mogya a Ɛtu Ntini Mu Ntini Mu Nyarewa

Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɛnyɛ mogya no ankasa ho haw na ɛde mogya ba, na mmom ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ ntini (mogya ntini) a mogya no fa mu no mu.

• Cryoglobulinemia: Eyi yɛ tebea bi a ɛwɔ nyarewa kuw bi a wɔfrɛ no vasculitis, a ɛma mogya ntini no ho hyehye no mu. Ebetumi ama purpura (mogya a ɛwɔ honam ani nsensanee) aba.
• Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia a Efi Awosu Mu: Eyi yɛ yare a wonya fi awo mu. Ɛfa sintɔ ahorow a ɛwɔ ɔkwan a mogya ntini ahorow fa so hyehyɛ mu ho.
• Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Wɔ tebea yi mu no, mogya ntini no yɛ mmerɛw yiye na ebetumi apaapae ntɛm. Eyi betumi ama mogya a ɛyɛ hu atɔ nipadua no mu, te sɛ akisikuru.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu eyi pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a ɔwɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, obedi kan abisa wo wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho asɛm. Bere tenten ahe na woanya bi ne sɛnea wɔn mu yɛ den. Afei wɔbɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Wɔbɛbisa nso sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo bi ne sɛ ebia obi wɔ w’abusua mu anya mogyatɔw ho haw ahorow yi anaa. Nea ɛka ho no, ebia wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow bi te sɛ:

• Mogya Dodow a Edi Mu (CBC): Eyi kyerɛ nkwammoaa ahorow (nkwaboaa kɔkɔɔ, nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa) dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu.
• Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS): Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ mogya bi wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu de ahwɛ sɛnea nkwammoaa no te ne ne kɛse.
• Prothrombin Time (PT) nhwehwɛmu: Eyi kyerɛ bere tenten a egye ansa na mogya atɔ.
• Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) sɔhwɛ: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ foforo a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea mogya tumi tu.

Wogyina nea efii nhwehwɛmu a edi kan yi mu bae so no, sɛ oduruyɛfo no susuw sɛ tebea pɔtee bi wɔ hɔ a, obetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw pii. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wosusuw sɛ tebea bi te sɛ hemophilia bi wɔ hɔ a, obetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu nhwɛ nneɛma a ɛma mogya tu te sɛ fibrinogen. Ebia wɔde wo bɛkɔ mogya ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn nso.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?

Ayaresa no gyina nea ɛde wo mogya a ɛretu wo diathesis no so. Nanso nea edi kan no, nnuruyɛfo bɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wobedi mogya a ɛretu no so. Ebia wɔbɛma wo mogya anaa wɔbɛma wo plasma de asi mogya a woahwere no ananmu. Ɛno ansa na wɔbɛsa tebea a ɛde ba no.

Sɛ mewɔ saa tebea yi a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan?

Esiane sɛ tebea horow pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama mogya atɔ diathesis nti, ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka nea yɛbɛhwɛ kwan ankasa. Tebea horow bi yɛ nea enni sabea. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wontumi nsa wɔn yare koraa, nanso ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma wɔadi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so (te sɛ mogya a ɛretu). Wo nkɔmhyɛ bɛyɛ soronko a egyina wo tebea, sɛnea wohu yare no, ne ayaresa so. Enti, wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ onipa a oye sen biara a wo ne no bɛkasa afa eyi ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ me ho?

Mogya a Ɛba Mpɛn pii no, aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛda adi na ɛde Diathesis ba. Enti, sɛ wowɔ bi a, nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ de aboa ma w’akwahosan nyinaa akɔ so atra hɔ ni:

• Di w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ: Nom nnuru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo nyinaa wɔ bere ano.
• Kɔ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe: Wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ nhyehyɛe ama wo. Kɔ kɔhwɛ no da biara da. Saa kwan no so no, obetumi ahwɛ w’akwahosan, sɛnea wo yare no te, ne sɛ ebia w’ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma anaa.
• Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo : Ntwɛn nkosi sɛ wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ wo bere a edi hɔ no, sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne foforo bi te sɛ akuru foforo anaa mogya a ɛretu a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Eyi betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo tebea no reyɛ kɛse.
• Susuw asetra mu nsakrae ahorow bi ho hwɛ: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ di aduan a ɛma koma nya ahoɔden akyi, gyae sigaretnom, na di adwennwen ho dwuma. Saa nneɛma yi betumi aboa ma woabɔ w’akwahosan nyinaa ho ban.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa : Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ betumi aboa ma woadi adwennwen so. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ahorow a ɛfata ma wo ne nea ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ. Ebia dwumadi ahorow bi remfata wo.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara?

Sɛ mogya tu wo diathesis a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara sɛ mogya tu wo a wuntumi nni so, sɛ́ efi nea wɔatwa ketewaa bi, mogya a ɛba wo hwene mu, anaa mogya foforo biara a wuntumi nni so. Kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa oduruyɛfo no?

Sɛ worehwehwɛ nnuruyɛfo afotu wɔ mogyatɔw ho haw bi ho a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa nsɛm yi:

• So oduruyɛfo no nim nea enti a mogya retu me saa?
• Sɔhwɛ afoforo bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ na ama mahu nea ɛde eyi ba ankasa?
• So nnuruyɛfo atitiriw bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ me ne wɔn di nkitaho esiane me yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne nti?

Mogya a ɛba diathesis yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛmfua a wɔde kyerɛ mogya a ɛba ntɛmntɛm na ɛboro sɛnea ɛte daa so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, obiara nya akuru ne akuru nketenkete. Nanso sɛ mogya retu wo dodo, sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo akuru pii kɛkɛ, anaasɛ wode wo nsu retu mogya a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa. Obetumi ayɛ nneɛma bi de asiw mogya a ɛretu no ano na wahu nea ɛde ba na wasa.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ afei de moanya ntease pa wɔ tebea a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ (Bleeding Diathesis) no ho. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ne sɛ, sɛ worehyia mogya anaa akuru a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu bere nyinaa a, mmu w’ani ngu so.

• Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a mogya bɛtɔ wo kakra afi akisikuru ketewaa bi mu, anaasɛ kakra bere a worehohoro wo sẽ no. Nanso sɛ ɛtaa ba, sɛ mogya a ɛretu no boro so, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobegyae mogya a ɛretu no a, ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw yɛn ho.
• Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woka eyi ho asɛm a, wubetumi ahu nea ɛde eyi ba na sɛ ɛho hia a, woanya ayaresa a ɛfata.
• Mpɛn pii no, mogya a ɛtɔ dodo yi yɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛda adi ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Enti, sɛ wodi asɛm yi ho dwuma ntɛm a, ebetumi aboa ma wɔasiw nsɛnnennen a anibere wom ano.

Hwɛ w’akwahosan so yiye. Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw bi a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

` Mogya a ɛtɔ, Akuru, Mogya a ɛtɔ Diathesis, Hematoma, Mogya mu Nyarewa, Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Ayaresa