So wo nso worehyia ɔhaw wɔ ahomegye mu? So ɛyɛ ahɔho nipadua bi a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu? Momma yɛnka Bullous Emphysema ho asɛm!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw kakra, wo koko mu ayɛ wo den? Anaasɛ wofe a ɛyɛ den kɛse anɔpa, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ woabrɛ? Ebia eyinom nyɛ atiridii ho sɛnkyerɛnne ara kwa. Ebia wɔyɛ ahurututu mu yare bi a wɔfrɛ no Bullous Emphysema , a ɛsɛ sɛ wohaw wo ho ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Enti, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri kakra nnɛ, te sɛ nea wo ne w’adamfo bi rekasa, ɛyɛ?

Dɛn ne Bullous Emphysema?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Bullous Emphysema yɛ ahurututu mu yare bi a wɔfrɛ no emphysema . Emphysema ba bere a mframa kotoku nketenkete a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu a wɔfrɛ no alveoli , no afasu sɛe no. Kae sɛ, saa ntini ahorow yi na ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛne sɛ yegye mframa pa na ɛma carbon dioxide fi mu bere a yɛrehome no.

Afei, wɔ bullous emphysema mu no, nea ɛba ne sɛ saa ntini ahorow no afasu sɛe, na ɛhohoro na ɛyɛ mframa kotoku akɛse te sɛ balloon. Yɛfrɛ eyinom bullae . Saa bullae yi betumi ayɛ akɛse asen sɛntimita biako.

Sɛ saa akisikuru yi ba a, ɛmma ahurututu no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Ɛbɛyɛ den ma ntini a ɛwɔ ntini no mu no sɛ ɛbɛsesa oxygen ne carbon dioxide. Saa tebea yi betumi aba ahurututu biako anaa abien no nyinaa mu. Nanso, sɛ saa akisikuru yi ba ahurututu biako mu mpo a, ebetumi asiw ahurututu foforo no kwan sɛ ɛbɛhohoro, na ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɔbɛhome. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ saa akisikuru yi yɛ kɛse paa a, ahurututu no betumi abubu, na ɛde tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Vanishing Lung Syndrome aba . Ɛwom sɛ eyi betumi asɛe ahurututu no daa de, nanso ayaresa a ɛfata betumi adi tebea yi so na ama wo nkwa nna akɔ soro.

Hena na ɛda adi sɛ obenya saa tebea yi?

Nokwarem no, obiara betumi anya bullous emphysema, a mfe a wadi, abusuakuw, anaa ɔbarima anaa ɔbea mfa ho. Nanso, mpɛn pii no ɛne ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea (COPD) , ahurututu mu yare a sigaretnom de ba no wɔ abusuabɔ. Afei nso, sɛ wowɔ awosu mu tebea horow bi a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no yɛ kɛse. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Alpha-1 antitrypsin a enni nipadua no mu
• Ehlers-Danlos yare a ɛma obi nya ɔyare no
• Marfan yare a ɛma obi nya ɔyare no

Nea ɛka ho no, nnipa a wɔanya Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) no nso wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya bullous emphysema.

Eyi abu so dɛn? Dɛn nti na eyi ba?

Wɔ wiase nyinaa no, wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ nnipa bɛboro 5% ne mpanyimfo a wɔadi boro mfe 30 bɛboro 12% wɔ bullous emphysema. Ɛsan nso ne nea ɛto so abiɛsa a ɛde owu ba wɔ aman te sɛ United States mu. Enti, eyi nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wobu no adewa.

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nea enti a eyi ba.

Nea ɛde bullous emphysema ba titiriw ne sigaretnom . Ɔfe a enni sabea a sigaret wusiw de ba no sɛe wo ntini a ɛwɔ wo ntini mu no afasu. Eyi ma mframa kotoku no yɛ kɛse, na esiw oxygen ne carbon dioxide kwan.

Sɛ sigaretnom da nkyɛn a, nneɛma afoforo wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba:

• Crack cocaine anaa wii a wɔnom.
• Nnuru a wɔde fa ntini mu.
• Awosu mu tebea horow a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no nso betumi ama ahurututu no afasu ayɛ mmerɛw na asɛe, na ɛde bullous emphysema aba.

Dɛn ne eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Bullous emphysema ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne nea ɛtaa ba ne ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wote nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw, ɛnyɛ bere a woabrɛ kakra, bere a woreforo antweri nko, na mmom ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a wugyina hɔ ara kwa.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo wɔ hɔ a ɛtaa ba:

• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo koko yɛ wo yaw anaasɛ wo ho ayɛ wo den.
• Ɔfe a obi bɛkɔ (eyi taa yɛ kɛse anɔpa).
• Ɔbrɛ ne ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka bere nyinaa (Ɔbrɛ).
• Aduan no nyɛ dɛ.
• Abofono.
• Ɔhaw a ɛba wɔ ɔhome mu.

Nanso, ebia nnipa binom benya bullous emphysema nanso wonhu sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Sɛ bullae no yɛ akɛse paa a, yɛfrɛ wɔn giant bullae , ɛnde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no betumi ayɛ kɛse.

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ɔbɛhwehwɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ eyinom bere a ɔreyɛ wo nhwehwɛmu no:

• Adaka a ɛte sɛ toa.
• Nsateaa a wɔde nhama ayɛ.
• Wo koma bɔ denneennen a wobɛte esiane ahurututu mu mogya mmoroso nti.
• Nsuo a ɛho ahonhon (Edema).
• Ahomegye a ɛyɛ hu.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu eyi pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Wo duruyɛfo bedi kan abisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, w’akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm, ne sɛ ebia obi wɔ w’abusua mu anya tebea a ɛte saa ara anaa. Afei wɔbɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu.

Sɛ wosusuw sɛ bullous emphysema a, wo duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu (PFT) . Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi hwɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu no retu mframa yiye ne sɛ ebia bullae no resiw mframa a ɛbɛkɔ no kwan anaa.

Sɛ́ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi fã no, spirometryWubetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wofa afiri bi mu home kɔ afiri (spirometer) mu. Eyi kyerɛ mframa dodow a ɛkɔ w’ahurututu mu na efi mu ba bere a worehome na worefi mu no.

Bio nso, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ mfonini mu nhwehwɛmu mfa nhwɛ sɛ ntini a ɛwɔ ntini mu no ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ asɛe anaa. Ebia eyinom bi ne:

• Chest X-ray: Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ ebia bullae bi wɔ hɔ ne baabi a ɛwɔ wɔ ahurututu no mu.
• CT scan: Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu beae pɔtee a akisikuru no wɔ, dodow, ne ne kɛse.

Wobetumi ahyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo ho nyansa, sɛ nhwɛso no:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Hwɛ sɛ carbon dioxide aboaboa ano wɔ ahurututu mu, na ɛma mogya no yɛ acidic (wɔfrɛ eyi respiratory acidosis ), anaasɛ oxygen dodow a ɛba fam.
• Mogya dodow a edi mũ (CBC): Ɛhwɛ sɛ hemoglobin dodow sua anaa.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG): Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ koma no mu nkɛntɛnso biara a ahurututu mu yare de ba, te sɛ nifa so ahurututu a ɛboro so anaasɛ nifa so ahurututu a ɛtrɛw .

Wo duruyɛfo nso betumi ahwɛ sɛ wowɔ Alpha-1 antitrypsin a enni wo mu denam mogya mu nhwehwɛmu so.

So aduru bi wɔ hɔ a edi mũ ma eyi?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, wonni aduru biara a wɔde sa bullous emphysema. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ enyin pɛ a, wontumi nsan n’akyi. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo! Ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa wo ma woatra ase ne yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no na asiw yare no ano na ansɛe.

Enti dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no?

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na woaboa ma woadi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so no, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru a wɔfrɛ no bronchodilators . Wɔtaa fa afiri a wɔde home so na ɛhome eyinom . Nnuru a ɛma ahurututu mu trɛw yɛ adwuma denam ntini a ɛwɔ wo mframa kwan mu a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ mframa bɛfa w’ahurututu mu, na ɛtew ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa so.

Fa no sɛ, saa nnuru yi yɛ adwuma te sɛ nea ɛtrɛw ɔkwan a nnipa ayɛ so ma mu kakra, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ kar bɛfa so.

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den anaasɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a, wobetumi nso ama wo nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa anaa corticosteroids bere tiaa bi.

Sɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mu no sua a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa oxygen ayaresa foforo , a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wobɛma wo nipadua no oxygen foforo denam afiri bi a wɔde ahyɛ wo hwene mu anaa akataso a wɔde ahyɛ w’anim so.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, titiriw bere a woka saa noSɛ bullae akɛseɛ wɔ hɔ, sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhome a, ɛyɛ den paa, anaasɛ nsɛnnennen foforɔ bi wɔ hɔ a ɛnam saa yareɛ yi so a, sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no:

• Ahurututu a abubu (Pneumothorax) .
• Mogya a wɔfe (Hemoptysis) .
• Ahurututu mu nyarewa

Sɛ nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ sisi a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn.

Oprehyɛn ahorow a wɔyɛ ma bullous emphysema:

• Bullectomy: Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no yi bulla (mframa kotoku) no fi w’ahurututu mu. Wobetumi ayɛ eyi sɛ oprehyɛn a wɔabue ano (Thoracotomy) anaasɛ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu (Video-assisted thoracic surgery - VATS).
• Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR): Wɔ saa adeyɛ a ɛnyɛ kɛse yi mu no, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no de valve bi hyɛ w’ahurututu mu na ɔhyɛ da tew ahurututu no fã bi so.
• Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS): Wɔ eyi mu no, oprehyɛn no yi ahurututu mu ntini a asɛe no fi hɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ntini a aka no betumi ayɛ adwuma yiye.

Sɛ saa ayaresa yi mu biara ntumi nyɛ adwuma, na sɛ ɛfata a, wo duruyɛfo betumi de wo akɔma wɔakɔyɛ wo ahurututu foforo .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi atew asiane yi so?

Ade a eye sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya bullous emphysema no so atew ne sɛ worennom sigaret, anaasɛ sɛ wonom sigaret a, wubegyae. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka akwan horow a ɛbɛboa wo ma woagyae sigaretnom ho asɛm. Yenim sɛ ɛnyɛ mmerɛw, nanso ɛfata ma w’ahurututu akwahosan.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan bere a wo ne tebea yi te ase no?

Bullous emphysema yɛ akwahosan tebea a ɛba obi nkwa nna nyinaa mu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ w’ahurututu sɛe pɛ a, ɛrennya ahoɔden koraa da. Nanso, dodow a wufi ase sa yare ntɛm no, dodow no ara na ɛda adi sɛ wubegyae tebea no na ansɛe. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ nnuruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Wubetumi adi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho dwuma na woatra ase yiye. Sɛ wunya ayaresa a ɛfata ma wo a, ebetumi ama w’asetra atu mpɔn kɛse.

Ɛho hia nso sɛ wobɛkɔ so anya apɔwmuden na woakwati akwahosan mu nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den. Enti, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa fa nnuru ahorow a ebia wubehia ho, te sɛ atiridiinini aduru, COVID aduru, ne Pneumococcus aduru .

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wuhu bullous emphysema ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara, anaasɛ wunya sɛnkyerɛnne foforo a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi a, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara:

• Kɔla a ɛyɛ bruu anaa fitaa a ɛkɔ w’ano anaa wo nsateaa nnadewa so (cyanosis).
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛma w’ani ada hɔ wɔ adwene mu.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den a ɛkɔ soro.
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm (Tachycardia).

Ahome a ɛyɛ den betumi ayɛ ade a ɛyɛ hu. Sɛ wowɔ bullous emphysema a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ worepere bere nyinaa sɛ wobɛhome. Kae sɛ sigaretnom ne ade titiriw a ɛde ba. Afei nso, awosu mu tebea horow bi betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no ayɛ kɛse. Sigaretnom a wubegyae no ne ade a eye sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ na ama bullous emphysema anyɛ kɛse. Wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ wo ayaresa ahorow a ebetumi aboa wo ma woahome ayɛ mmerɛw na ama wo da biara da asetra ayɛ nea wotumi di ho dwuma yiye.

Kae ade a ɛho hia sen biara (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a yɛaka ho asɛm nnɛ a ɛbɛboa wo ma woakae no bi ni:

• Bullous emphysema yɛ tebea a mframa kotoku a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu no sɛe na mframa kotoku akɛse (bullae) ba.
• Sigaretnom ne ade titiriw a ɛde eyi ba, enti ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛkwati sigaretnom.
• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ahome a ɛyɛ den, ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa, anaa wo koko mu yaw a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.
• Ɛwom sɛ wonni eyi ano aduru koraa de, nanso ayaresa a etu mpɔn wɔ hɔ a wɔde siw yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ano na wɔasiw yare no ano.
• Sɛ wuhu yare no ntɛm na wosa yare a, ebetumi ama w’asetra atu mpɔn.

Enti, sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, mma wo ho nnpopo na kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn nkɔhwehwɛ afotu. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Bullous emphysema, ahurututu mu yare, ɔhome mu haw, sigaretnom, COPD, bullae, alveoli