So yɛbɛka kokoram a ɛyɛ ‘clear cell’ a ɛba wɔ asaabo mu (Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma - ccRCC) nnɛ yi ho asɛm?

Asaabo yɛ akwaa a ɛho hia paa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no mu biako. Saa akwaa nketewa abien yi a ɛsepa yɛn mogya da biara da na ɛyi nneɛma a ɛho nhia fi mu sɛ nsuo no te sɛ afiri mmienu a ɛyi yɛn nipadua mu. Nanso, saa asaabo yi nso tumi nya nyarewa ahorow. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka asaabo mu kokoram bi a ɛyɛ aniberesɛm kakra ho asɛm, nanso ɛho hia yiye sɛ yɛma yɛn ani da hɔ. Eyi ne `(Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma)`, ne tiawa mu no `(ccRCC)`.

Dɛn ne ‘clear cell renal cell carcinoma’ (ccRCC)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa `(Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma - ccRCC)` yi yɛ asaabo mu kokoram no fã ketewaa bi. Sɛ yɛka asaabo mu kokoram ho asɛm a, yɛtaa ka sɛ `(Renal Cell Carcinoma - RCC)`. Saa `(ccRCC)` yi yɛ ne ahodoɔ no mu baako.

So wunim sɛ yɛn asaabo no wɔ nsu nketenkete bi te sɛ afiri a wɔde yiyi mu? Eyinom ne wɔn a wɔyiyi nneɛma fĩ a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no na ɛde kɔ mu sɛ nsu. Saa kokoram yi fi ase wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ saa akwan no mu no mu. Saa `(ccRCC)` nkwammoaa yi mu paapae na ɛdɔɔso ntɛmntɛm yiye, na ɛyɛ akisikuru biako anaa nea ɛboro saa. Mpɛn pii no, ɛka asaabo biako, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aka asaabo abien no nyinaa.

Dɛn ne yare yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Mpɛn pii no, wɔ saa `(ccRCC)` yi mfiase no, sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw biara nni hɔ. Ɛno ne nea ɛyɛ hu kakra. Efisɛ ebia wunnim mpo sɛ wowɔ yare no. Nanso bere a yare no kɔ so no, ebia wubehyia nneɛma te sɛ:

• Mogya a ɛwɔ nsu mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a, nsuo no betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, pink, anaa bruu. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi ``hematuria''.
• Ɔbrɛ yɛ ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so ho nkate, ɛmfa ho sɛnea wobɛda no. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ woabrɛ da mũ nyinaa.
• Atiridii a ɛba a ntease biara nnim. Sɛ wowɔ atiridii kɛkɛ a yare foforo biara nni ho a, ɛno nso yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye.
• Ɛte sɛ akisikuru a wotumi te nka wɔ asaabo a ayɛ basaa no mu .
• Flank pain yɛ ɛyaw a ɛba asaabo no nkyɛn . Saa ɛyaw yi betumi ayɛ nea ɛkɔ so daa anaasɛ ɛba na ɛkɔ.
• Mu duru a ɛso tew a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu. Sɛ wo mu duru so retew kɛkɛ a wunnni adidi anaa woteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu a, ɛno yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ mu.

Adɛn nti na saa `(ccRCC)` yi ba? Dɛn na ɛde ba?

Sɛ yɛbɛka nokware a, wonnim nea ɛde asaabo mu kokoram dodow no ara ba ankasa, a `(ccRCC)` yi ka ho . Nanso, wɔahu sɛ nneɛma bi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya bi no yɛ kɛse. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ?

• Tawa a wɔde di dwuma : Ɛnyɛ sigaretnom nko na ɛka eyi ho na mmom nea ɛka ho ne vaping nso. Nnuru a epira a ɛwɔ tawa mu no betumi asɛe asaabo no.
• Body Mass Index (BMI) over 25 : Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ obi mu duru boro so/moyɛ kɛse mmoroso. Kɛse mmoroso betumi ama nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae ne ɔhaw afoforo a ebetumi ama kokoram ho asiane ayɛ kɛse.
• Mogya mmoroso (hypertension): Eyi ne bere a wo mogya mmoroso kɔ soro. Saa asiane yi betumi aba efisɛ mogya mmoroso sɛe asaabo no.
• Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ asaabo mu kokoram esiane asaabo mu yare a akyɛ nti : Nnipa a wɔreyɛ dialysis nso wɔ asiane mu sɛ wobenya asaabo mu kokoram.
• Nnuru bi a awuduru wom a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu wɔ adwumam : Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ nnuru a wɔde siw ano te sɛ trichloroethylene, asbestos, ne cadmium mu nso wɔ asiane kɛse mu.
• Nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw a wode bedi dwuma bere tenten : Nnuru bi a wɔde kum ɛyaw te sɛ acetaminophen (Tylenol®) nyɛ papa mma wo sɛ wokɔ so nom anaasɛ wonom boro so a.

Hena na obetumi anya saa `(ccRCC)` yi kɛse?

Nokwarem no, obiara betumi anya saa tebea yi, a wɔfrɛ no ``(ccRCC)``. Nanso wɔahu sɛ mmarima betumi anya yare yi mmɔho abien sen mmea . Afei nso, ɛtaa ba nnipa a wɔadi fi mfe 50 kosi 70 mu.

Sɛnea Amerika Kokoram Fekuw kyerɛ no, afe biara wohu sɛ nnipa bɛboro 81,000 nya asaabo mu kokoram wɔ United States. Eyinom mu no, wɔfrɛ asaabo mu kokoram a abu so sen biara no ccRCC .

So yare a wɔfrɛ no `(ccRCC)` yi fi awosu mu?

Sɛ wowɔ mogya busuani bi a ɔwɔ renal cell carcinoma a, ebia asiane kɛse wom kakra sɛ wubenya asaabo mu kokoram. Nanso, nnuruyɛfo ntumi nhu nea enti a ɛte saa.

Nnipa binom wɔ awosu mu tebea horow a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya ccRCC. Nhwɛso bi ne Von Hippel-Landau (VHL) yare no.

Wɔ tebea horow yi mu no, awosu mu nsakrae a ɛkɔ so wɔ awo ntoatoaso ahorow mu no ma akisikuru ne akisikuru ba nipadua no afã horow. Mpɛn pii no, saa akisikuru yi nyɛ kokoram. Nanso, nnipa a wɔwɔ mmusua yi mu betumi anya ccRCC mpɛn pii, na ebetumi nso anya wɔ mfe a ennua sen sɛnea ɛte daa no mu.

Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ ccRCC wɔ wo mmofraase, anaasɛ wowɔ akisikuru pii a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu saa `(ccRCC)` yare yi?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, asaabo mu kokoram taa nya sɛnkyerɛnne kakraa bi pɛ wɔ ne mfiase. Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo taa hu asaabo mu akisikuru bere a wɔrehwehwɛ tebea afoforo no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi ahu asaabo mu akisikuru bi wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ MRI anaa CT scan de ahwehwɛ asaabo mu abo.

Mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom betumi ahu sɛ akisikuru bi wɔ hɔ. Nanso, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobefi scan nkutoo mu ahu sɛ ebia akisikuru no nyɛ hu anaasɛ ɛyɛ hu.

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ no , oduruyɛfoWobetumi ayɛ asaabo mu nhwehwɛmu, anaasɛ wɔbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ oprehyɛn de yi akisikuru no.

Sɛ wɔfa oprehyɛn so yi akisikuru no a, wɔfa ntini a efi akisikuru no mu na wɔsɔ hwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram anaa. Wɔde nea efi mu ba no di dwuma de kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram ne sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan bi a wɔfrɛ no ``ccRCC''.

Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, ɛda adi sɛ asaabo mu akisikuru nketewa 10 biara mu 4 pɛ na ne kɛse nnu sɛntimita 4 na ɛyɛ akisikuru a ɛnyɛ hu te sɛ adwene mu oncocytomas.

Dɛn ne (ccRCC) kokoram no fã ahorow?

Bere a wɔahu sɛ ɔwɔ `(ccRCC)` akyi no, oduruyɛfo no kyerɛ ``kokoram gyinabea`` . Ɛne sɛ, wɔhwɛ sɛnea akisikuru no kɛse te ne sɛ ebia atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo anaa.

Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ahorow atitiriw anan na ɛwɔ hɔ.

• Dodow a hokwan no sua no, dodow no ara na kokoram no mu nyɛ den.

Oduruyɛfo no ne wo bɛkasa afa saa nneɛma yi ho:

• Ɔkwan bɛn so na wo kokoram no wɔ.
• Asiane bɛn na ɛwɔ mu sɛ ɛbɛtrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo ?
• Nneɛma bɛn na edi hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ?

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔde ma `(ccRCC)`?

Mpɛn pii no, ayaresa a wobetumi apaw no gyina sɛ ebia kokoram no atrɛw akɔ akyiri sen asaabo no so. Okay, ma yɛnhwɛ.

Sɛ kokoram no ntrɛw nsen asaabo no a:

Wɔ eyi mu no, wobetumi ayɛ ayaresa te sɛ eyi:

• Oprehyɛn - Nephrectomy : Oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn yi asaabo no fã a kokoram wɔ no nkutoo fi hɔ. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ nephrectomy fã bi. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ foforo no, wobetumi ayi asaabo no nyinaa afi hɔ. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ radical nephrectomy.
• Ablative therapies : Saa ayaresa ahorow yi de ɔkwan a wɔfa so fa honam ani di dwuma de sɛe kokoram nkwammoaa denam ade a wɔde fa honam ani no so. Akwan ahorow wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ eyi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi asɛe kokoram nkwammoaa denam awɔw a ano yɛ den (cryoablation) anaa ɔhyew a ano yɛ den (thermal ablation) a wɔde bedi dwuma so.

Sɛ kokoram no atrɛw, anaasɛ asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛtrɛw a:

Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, ayaresa a wobetumi apaw ne:

• Immunotherapy : Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobɛkanyan wo nipadua no ankasa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ma asɛe kokoram nkwammoaa. Nnuru a wɔde yɛ eyi ne pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) anaa nivolumab (Opdivo®).
• Ayaresa a wɔde asi wɔn ani so : Saa ayaresa yi yɛ adwuma denam kokoram nkwammoaa nyin ne dodow a egyae so. Nnuru a wɔde yɛ eyi ne axitinib (Inlyta®) ne cabozantinib (Cabometyx®).

So `(ccRCC)` yɛ kokoram a emu yɛ den a ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm?

Te sɛ `(carcinoma) ahorow afoforo nyinaa no, saa `(Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma)` yi betumi atrɛw (metastasize) akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo. Kokoram a atrɛw saa kwan yi so (metastatic cancer) a wɔbɛsa no yɛ den kakra.

Sɛ wɔde toto asaabo mu kokoram ahorow afoforo ho a, ``(ccRCC)`` taa yɛ basabasa kɛse na ɛtaa trɛw ntɛmntɛm .

Renal Cell Carcinoma taa trɛw kɔ mmeae a edidi so yi:

• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu
• Ahrawa
• Adrenal glands (a ɛwɔ asaabo atifi) .
• Brɛboɔ
• Adwene
• Nnompe

Kokoram (ccRCC) nyin ntɛmntɛm dɛn?

Sɛnea Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma nyin no betumi ayɛ soronko kɛse. Sɛnea nhwehwɛmu bi kyerɛ no, wotumi nyin wɔ baabiara fi sɛntimita 0.2 kosi 6.5 (nsateakwaa 0.07 kosi 2.5) afe biara. Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nkɔso a ɛba no bɛyɛ sɛntimita 2.13 (nsateakwaa 0.83) afe biara.

Dɛn ne nkwagye dodow ma `(ccRCC)`?

Mpɛn pii no, mfe anum a wɔde tra ase ma (ccRCC) no yɛ 50% kosi 69% .

Nanso, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo yi gyina wo akisikuru no kɛse so. Mpɛn pii no, ayaresa no ntumi nyɛ yiye kɛse mma akisikuru akɛse anaasɛ sɛ `(ccRCC)` no atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo a. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, sɛ akisikuru kɛse bi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ kokoram no atrɛw a, mfe anum a wɔde tra ase no betumi ayɛ bɛyɛ 10%. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wohu no ntɛm na wofi ase sa yare ntɛm no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ me ho?

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nkate ahorow nka bere a wuhu sɛ wowɔ Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma no. Ebia wobɛte nneɛma ahorow nka, a ehu, abufuw, awerɛhow, dadwen, ne adwenemhaw ka ho.

Nnipa pii nya ahotɔ denam (ccRCC) ho ade pii a wosua na wɔsrɛ mmoa fi wɔn adɔfo hɔ no so. Ɛyɛ adwene pa nso sɛ wobɛka (ccRCC) mmoa akuo a wɔbɛtumi ate nea worefa mu no ase pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Ɛho hia yiye nso sɛ wubenya w’aduruyɛfo kuw no mu ahotoso. Bisa wɔn nsɛm biara a wowɔ fa ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ne ayaresa kwan no ho.

Akwan foforo a wubetumi afa so ahwɛ wo ho ni:

• Fa nnuru a nnuruyɛfo akyerɛw ama no nyinaa sɛnea wɔakyerɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ .
• Kwati sɛ wobɛyɛ teateaa denam nnuan a protein ne calories pii wom a wubedi so.
• Da yiye sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ wobedi adwennwen ho dwuma denam nneɛma te sɛ ahome a emu dɔ, adwennwen, yoga, adwinni ho ayaresa, anaa dwumadi ahorow a ɛma obi dwo te sɛ ahodwiriwde so.
• Sɛnea wo nipadua wɔ ahoɔden no.Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara:

• Sɛ mogya wɔ nsuo no mu a.
• Sɛ wowɔ akisikuru anaa ɛyaw bi wɔ wo nsa mu a ɛnkɔ a .
• Sɛ wowɔ atiridiinini a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu anaasɛ wo mu duru so tew a .

Sɛ wɔresa (ccRCC) wo yare dedaw a, sɛ wunya sɛnkyerɛnne foforo anaasɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa ntɛm ara . Wobetumi akyerɛ wo sɛnea wubedi wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma, asesa nnuru dodow a wode di dwuma, anaasɛ wobɛkamfo ayaresa foforo akyerɛ wo. W’ayaresa no fã titiriw ne sɛ wobɛkɔ so anya apɔwmuden sɛnea wubetumi.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa oduruyɛfo no?

Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• "Dɛn ne ayaresa a eye sen biara ma me?"
• "Dɛn ne ayaresa a wokamfo kyerɛ no mu nsunsuanso bɔne?"
• "So mewɔ asiane mu sɛ menya kokoram a ɛtrɛw kɔ mmeae afoforo?"
• "Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mɛtrɛw saa `(ccRCC)` yi mu?"
• "So obi wɔ me mogya abusua mu a ɔwɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya `(ccRCC)`?"
• "So nsɛnnennen ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ mihu titiriw?"

Saa nsɛmmisa yi yɛ nea ɛbɛboa wo ara kwa. Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo biribiara a ɛwɔ w’adwenem, ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɛyɛ ketewaa no. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛte biribiara ase pefee.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda ‘nkwaboaa a emu da hɔ’ ne ‘papillary’ asaabo mu kokoram ntam?

Eyinom ne `(Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma)` ne `(Papillary Adwene mu Nkwammoaa mu Kokoram)`. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ abien no nyinaa mu no di nsɛ yiye. Ayaresa ahorow no nso di nsɛ yiye.

Nsonsonoe titiriw no ne sɛnea kokoram nkwammoaa yi hwɛ bere a wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ no.

• Papillary cancer nkwammoaa no da adi sɛ ntini atenten a ɛyɛ tratraa na ɛte sɛ nsateaa.
• `(ccRCC)` Kokoram nkwammoaa te sɛ ahurututu a emu da hɔ.

Bɛyɛ nnipa 10 biara mu biako a wɔwɔ renal cell carcinoma na wɔwɔ papillary type no.

Awiei koraa no, nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Mete sɛnea ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wubehu sɛ wowɔ kokoram no ase. Nkate te sɛ ehu, awerɛhow, abufuw, adwene a ɛyɛ basaa, ne ankonamyɛ betumi aba wo nyinaa so prɛko pɛ. Ebia wote saa nneɛma yi nyinaa nka prɛko pɛ. Anaasɛ, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ne wo nkate ntam abusuabɔ atwa bere a wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyina saa yare yi ano no. Te ase sɛ biribiara a wote nka no, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata.

Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) ne asaabo mu kokoram a abu so sen biara. Ebetumi anyin ntɛmntɛm na ayɛ basabasa sen asaabo mu kokoram ahorow afoforo.

Wowɔ ɔhaw pii, na ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne obi kasa fa wo nsusuwii ne wo nkate ho.Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase da sɛ wobɛsrɛ mmoa afi wo nnuruyɛfo hɔ na fa wo ho to wo mmoa nhyehyɛe (abusua, nnamfo) so.

Eyi betumi ayɛ akwantu a emu yɛ den, nanso fa no anammɔn biako biara, na da ayamye adi kyerɛ wo ho. Kae sɛ sɛ wuhu ntɛm na wosa no ntɛm a, ebetumi ama nsakrae kɛse aba. Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara.

` Asaabo mu kokoram, ccRCC, Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, asaabo mu yare, kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne, kokoram ayaresa, asaabo akwahosan