So wo ba ketewa no wɔ thyroid haw fi n’awo mu? Momma yɛnka Congenital Hypothyroidism ho asɛm!

Anigye ne ɔdɔ a wunya bere a wo ba ketewa no ba wiase yi mu no yɛ nea wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu, ɛnte saa? Ɔwofo biara wɔ anidaso sɛ obehu sɛ ne ba no wɔ apɔwmuden na n’ani agye. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, mmofra nkumaa mpo tumi nya akwahosan ho haw a wɔnhwɛ kwan. Tebea a ɛte saa no biako a wohu wɔ mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu, nanso sɛ wohu ntɛm na wɔsa no ntɛm a, wobetumi adi so koraa no, wɔfrɛ no ‘congenital hypothyroidism’. Yɛfrɛ tebea yi wɔ aduruyɛ mu (Congenital Hypothyroidism) . Ɛwom mpo sɛ edin yi a wobɛte no betumi ayɛ hu de, nanso sɛ wɔbɔ wo amanneɛ yiye a, wubehu sɛ ɛyɛ biribi a wobetumi adi ho dwuma.

Dɛn ne ‘awosu mu hypothyroidism’ yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, (Congenital Hypothyroidism) yɛ tebea a ɛma thyroid ntini no nyɛ adwuma yiye wɔ awo mu . Thyroid gland yɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntontom a ɛwɔ yɛn kɔn anim. Ɛma hormone bi a ɛho hia kɛse ma yɛn nipadua, a ɛne thyroid hormone. Saa nkwaadɔm yi ho hia na ama abofra kumaa amemene, ne nipadua nyin, ne ne nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no nyin.

Enti, sɛ akokoaa a wɔawo no foforo thyroid gland no nnyin yiye, anaasɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye a, nipadua no ntumi nyɛ thyroid hormone a ɛdɔɔso. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no (Congenital Hypothyroidism).

Sɛ wɔansa tebea yi wɔ bere ano a, ebetumi anya abofra no nkɔso so nkɛntɛnso kɛse, titiriw adwene mu dɛmdi . Nokwarem no, (Congenital Hypothyroidism) ne ade titiriw a ɛde adwene mu dɛmdi a wobetumi asiw ano ba. Ɛno nti na wɔ aman pii a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa, a Sri Lanka ka ho no, wɔyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ketewaa bi de hwɛ sɛnea akokoaa thyroid yɛ adwuma wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi wɔ awo akyi no. Eyi yɛ biribi a wɔyɛ no daa.

Sɛnea akontaabu kyerɛ no, tebea yi ka mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo bɛyɛ 3,000 kosi 4,000 biara mu biako. Wɔka nso sɛ mmeawa betumi anya bi sen mmarimaa mmɔho abien.

Ɛho behia sɛ nkokoaa dodow no ara a wɔwo wɔn a wɔn thyroid nyarewa no nom thyroid hormone nnuru wɔ wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa mu. Nanso, nkokoaa binom nya hypothyroidism bere tiaa bi, na ɛno ankasa gyae wɔ adapɛn anaa asram kakraa bi mu. Sɛ wɔsa mmofra yi yare yiye a, wobetumi atra ase a ɛfata koraa , na apɔwmuden wom.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ abofra bi wɔ saa tebea yi?

Ebia ɛrenna adi ntɛm ara sɛ akokoaa a wɔawo no foforo wɔ awosu mu hypothyroidism. Ɛno nti na thyroid nhwehwɛmu a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no ho hia kɛse no.

Nanso, wobetumi ahu nsɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛnyɛ anifere wɔ nkwa nna adapɛn kakraa a edi kan no mu. Eyinom bi ne:

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ebetumi ada adi wɔ adapɛn kakraa a edi kan no mu:

• Ayamtim:Ɛyɛ den ma akokoaa no sɛ ɔbɛkɔ tiafi, na ebia ɔrenkɔ nna pii.
• Ntini a ɛba fam (Hypotonia): Akokoaa no nipadua te nka sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nkwa nni mu, na sɛ wɔde wɔn nsa ka akokoaa no ho a, ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Nufusu a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnom: Nufusu a ɔmpɛ sɛ ɔnom, sɛ ɔnom mpo a ontumi nnom no yiye, anaasɛ nufusu no a ɔbɛfe bere a wanom awie no.
• Jaundice a ɛkɔ so tra hɔ: Jaundice a ɛba wɔ awo akyi bere tiaa bi no taa brɛ ase wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Nanso, wɔ eyi mu no, jaundice betumi akɔ so adapɛn pii.
• Ɔbrɛ: Ɛte sɛ nea akokoaa no da bere nyinaa, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛsɔre, na ɛte sɛ nea n’ani nnye agodie ho.
• Ɛnne a ɛyɛ dede: Sɛ akokoaa su a, nsakrae ba ne nne mu, ɛyɛ dede.
• Hypothermia: Akokoaa no nipadua te awɔw nka bere nyinaa.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ ɛte sɛ nea wo ba a wɔawo no foforo no da bere nyinaa, ɔyɛ ɔkwasea dodo sɛ ɔbɛma no aduan, na sɛ woka no a, ɛte sɛ nea awɔw wom a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwɛ yiye kakra wɔ mmere te sɛ eyinom mu.

Sɛ wɔansa a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ebetumi aba bere a bere kɔ so no bi ne:

Sɛ wɔanhu saa nsɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan yi na wɔansa a, bere kɔ so no, sɛnkyerɛnne pii betumi ada adi.

• Ahurututu: Ɛte sɛ nea yafunu no yɛ kɛse na ɛho ahonhon.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu: Mogya dodow a ɛso tew wɔ nipadua no mu.
• Bradycardia: Koma no bɔ brɛoo.
• Nwi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw: Nwi yɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Wora a ɛyɛ nwini na ɛyɛ nwini: Sɛ woka honam ani a, ɛyɛ nwini na ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ nwini.
• Goiter: Ɛhonhon wɔ kɔn mu baabi a thyroid gland no wɔ.
• Mogya mmoroso: Mogya mmoroso a ɛba fam .
• Tɛkrɛma a ayɛ kɛse (Macroglossia): Tɛkrɛma no yɛ kɛse sen sɛnea ɛte daa, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a epue fi ano.
• Aniwa no ho a ɛho ahonhon: Ɛte sɛ nea baabi a aniwa no ho ahyia no ayɛ kurukuruwa.

Ɛho nhia sɛ wobɔ hu sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa abien a, efisɛ nneɛma afoforo nso betumi de saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi aba. Nanso sɛ wuhu biribi te sɛ eyi a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ eye sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Dɛn nti na yɛn mma nya eyi?

Ade titiriw a ɛde awosu mu thyroid yare ba ne sintɔ a ɛba wɔ thyroid ntini no nyin mu (Thyroid Dysgenesis) . Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi de eyi aba:

Nneɛma a ɛtaa ba:

• Ectopic Thyroid Gland: Ebia thyroid gland no wɔ beae foforo wɔ kɔn no mu, ebia wɔ tɛkrɛma ase, sen sɛ ɛbɛtra baabi a ɛfata.
• Thyroid agenesis: Ebia thyroid ntini no nni hɔ fi awo mu.
• Thyroid hypoplasia a ɛyɛ mmerɛw:Ɛwom sɛ thyroid gland no ayɛ de, nanso ne kɛse sua koraa na ennyinii yiye.

Saa tebea abiɛsa yi ne nneɛma a ɛtaa de awosu mu thyroidism ba.

Ntease ahorow a enti ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu nea ɛba fam kakra:

Ntease afoforo kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛka eyi ho, nanso ɛnyɛ nea ɛtaa ba kakra.

• Awosu mu Nsakrae: Ebetumi afi nsakrae bi a ɛba awosu mu a ɛka thyroid hormone ahorow a wɔyɛ no mu. Ebia eyinom nso fi awosu mu.
• Iodine a Ɛna Ɛna no Nnya Bere a Ɔyem: Iodine a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no ho hia na ama thyroid mu nkwaadɔm a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma no yɛ kɛse. Sɛ ɛna bi nni iodine a ɛdɔɔso wɔ n’aduan mu wɔ nyinsɛn mu a, ebetumi aka akokoaa no thyroid.
• Nnuru bi a ɛna no nom bere a wanyinsɛn: Sɛ ɛna no de nnuru a wɔde sa adwenemyare bi te sɛ lithium, anaa nnuru a wɔde sa thyroidism a ɛboro so, te sɛ nnuru a ekum thyroid, di dwuma bere a wanyinsɛn a, ebetumi asiw akokoaa no thyroid hormone a ɔyɛ no kwan.
• Ɛna a ɔrenya thyroid kokoram ayaresa bere a onyinsɛn: Sɛ ɛna bi nya thyroid kokoram (te sɛ radioactive iodine) ayaresa bere a onyinsɛn a, ebetumi aka akokoaa no nso.

Sɛ wɔansa a, nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, sɛ wɔansa no ntɛm a, (Congenital Hypothyroidism) betumi de nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den aba . Eyinom mu nea ɛho hia sen biara ne:

• Adwene mu M dɛm: Esiane sɛ thyroid hormone ho hia na ama amemene no nyin nti, hormone no a enni hɔ no betumi ama adwene mu nkɔso asɛe.
• Onyin a ɛkyɛ: Nneɛma te sɛ tenten a ɛkɔ soro ne nipadua nyin kyɛ.
• Aso a ɛyɛ den: Mmofra binom mpo tumi kɔ baabi a wontumi nte asɛm.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu
• Koma mu tebea horow te sɛ koma a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye
• Anisoadehu mu haw ahorow

Ɛno nti na yɛka sɛ ɛho hia paa sɛ yehu saa tebea yi ntɛm na yɛhyɛ ayaresa ase ntɛm ara wɔ oduruyɛfo afotu ase. Saa a wobɛyɛ no betumi asiw nsɛnnennen yi pii ano.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu saa tebea yi?

Wɔ aman pii mu, a Sri Lanka ka ho no, wɔyɛ akokoaa biara a wɔawo no foforo thyroid nhwehwɛmu. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobeyi mogya nketenkete kakraa bi afi akokoaa no nan ase na wɔahwɛ sɛnea hormone dodow abien wɔ mu.

• TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone): Eyi yɛ hormone bi a pituitary gland no gyae a ɛkanyan thyroid gland no ma ɛyɛ thyroid hormone. Sɛ thyroid no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, TSH dodow taa kɔ soro.
• T4 (Thyroxine): Eyi ne hormone titiriw a thyroid ntini no yɛ. Eyi boa akokoaa no nyin na ne nipadua mu nneɛma yɛ adwuma. Wɔ (Congenital Hypothyroidism) mu no, saa T4 dodow yi sua.

Sɛ nea efi mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ TSH no dɔɔso yiye na T4 no sua koraa a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi ayɛ thyroid scan anaa ultrasound de ahwɛ sɛ ebia thyroid gland no wɔ baabi a ɛfata, sɛnea ne kɛse te, ne sɛ nsakrae bi aba ne nhyehyɛe mu anaa. Eyinom nkutoo ne akwan a wɔfa so hu yare no yiye.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?

Ayaresa a wɔde sa awosu mu hypothyroidism ne sɛ wɔde besi thyroid hormone a enni nipadua no mu no ananmu. Aduru a wɔtaa de di dwuma ne levothyroxine . Eyi yɛ T4 hormone a wɔayɛ ankasa. Ɛba wɔ ɔkwan a ɛte sɛ aduru a wɔde kum ɔyare mmoawa so. Enti sɛ wode rema akokoaa ketewaa bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wobubu aduru no na wode nufusu, nufusu, anaa nsu bi fra. Wo ba no endocrinologist bɛkyerɛ wo sɛnea wode bɛma no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nnuru bi a wɔde soya ayɛ betumi asiw thyroid hormone a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu no kwan, enti ɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa nneɛma a ɛtete saa ho.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubefi saa aduru yi ase wɔ ɔsram a edi kan wɔ akokoaa no awo akyi. Ɛno ansa na yebetumi asiw adwenemhaw a yɛkaa ho asɛm no ano daa.

Sɛ oduruyɛfo no fi ase nom nnuru wie a, ɔbɛhwɛ thyroid hormone dodow a ɛwɔ wo ba no mogya mu daa ahwɛ sɛ ɔrenya nnuru dodow a ɛfata anaa. Wɔtaa yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a:

• Ɔsram anaa asram abien biara kosi sɛ akokoaa no bedi asram 6.
• Pɛnkoro wɔ asram abien anaa abiɛsa biara mu bere a akokoaa no adi asram 6 akyi.

Ɛho behia sɛ nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ awosu mu thyroidism no nom saa aduru yi wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa. Nanso, sɛnea madi kan aka no, ebia nnipa binom behia ayaresa bere tiaa bi pɛ. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea wo ba no tebea te ne bere tenten a ebehia sɛ wɔnom aduru no mu akyerɛ wo.

Abofra a ɔwɔ saa tebea yi betumi atra ase bere tenten ahe?

Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu, nanso abofra a ɔwɔ (Congenital Hypothyroidism) nkwa nna ne obi a onni tebea no de yɛ pɛ ankasa. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubefi ase ayɛ akokoaa no ayaresa ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi. Sɛ woyɛ saa a, worensuro daakye ho hwee.

Sɛ wo ba nyin a, obetumi ayɛ adwuma biara a ɔpɛ, sɛ ɔpɛ a, obefi abusua ase, na wayɛ biribiara sɛnea ɛsɛ. Sɛ ogyae thyroid hormone nnuru a ɔnom da biara da pɛ a, obetumi atra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ koraa.

So ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw eyi ano?

Esiane sɛ ɛyɛ awosu mu nso nti, wontumi nsiw awosu mu hypothyroidism ano bere nyinaa. Nanso sɛ woanyinsɛn a, bisa wo duruyɛfo sɛnea wubetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ wo ba no so no so. Obetumi asɔ wo iodine dodow ahwɛ na wahwɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nsakrae biara wɔ wo nnuru mu anaa.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wo ba no wɔ awosu mu hypothyroidism a, endocrinologist bɛhwɛ ne thyroid hormone dodow daa. Nanso, sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ba no yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne resan aba bio bere a woafi ase anom nnuru akyi mpo a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛma wo duruyɛfo ahu. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ nsakrae wɔ aduru no dodow mu.

Nsɛmmisa a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo

Sɛ́ ɔwofo no, ebia nsɛmmisa pii wɔ w’adwenem. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛyɛ daa. Wubetumi abisa oduruyɛfo a ɔrehwɛ wo ba no nsɛm te sɛ:

• So wubetumi aka nea ɛde tebea yi reba me ba no mu ankasa akyerɛ me?
• So eyi yɛ bere tiaa mu tebea anaasɛ ɛyɛ daa?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ ɔnom nnuru ne nkwa nna nyinaa?
• Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu nnuru dodow pɔtee a wɔde di dwuma?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ mede saa aduru yi ma me ba?
• Na sɛ wuntumi mma nnuru dodow bi nso ɛ?
• Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ thyroid nhwehwɛmu?

Nsuro sɛ wubebisa oduruyɛfo no nsɛm biara a wowɔ.

Adeɛ a ɛtwa toɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ meka ne yei (Take-Home Message) .

Sɛ́ ɔwofo no, wowɔ anidaso kɛse wɔ wo ba a wɔawo no foforo no ho bere a waba wiase no. Enti, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka na wunsi pi bere a wote sɛ wo ba no wɔ akwahosan tebea pɔtee bi no. "Sɛ meka kyerɛ no (Congenital Hypothyroidism) a, ɛbɛka me ba no dɛn?" "Ne daakye bɛyɛ dɛn?" Ebia nsɛmmisa pii wɔ w’adwenem.

Nsuro. Wo duruyɛfo wɔ hɔ sɛ obebua nsɛmmisa yi nyinaa na waboa wo. Bisa no nsɛm ne nneɛma a wuhia nyinaa. Asɛmpa no ne sɛ, sɛ wufi ase sa yare wɔ bere a ɛfata mu na wonom nnuru a ɛfata a, wo ba no betumi atra ase anigye ne apɔwmuden te sɛ obiara. Enti kɔ so nyɛ den na di wo duruyɛfo afotu akyi. Ɛno ne ade a eye sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ ama wo ba.

` Awosu mu hypothyroidism, thyroid ntini, mmofraberem nyarewa, thyroid hormone, mmofra nkɔso, Levothyroxine