So wote nka sɛ woabrɛ bere nyinaa? So wowɔ ano a ɛyɛ mmerɛw? Anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotaa tow wo ho? Eyinom betumi ayɛ asikreyare ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka yareɛ yi a wɔfrɛ no Asikreyare a nnipa pii suro, sɛdeɛ wɔbɛhunu, ne sɛdeɛ wɔbɛsa no wɔ ɔkwan tiawa a wobɛtumi ate aseɛ so ho asɛm.
Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ mewɔ asikreyare?
Sɛ wowɔ nneɛma a ɛde asikreyare ho asiane ba, anaasɛ asikre pii wɔ wo nsu mu a, ebia wo duruyɛfo besusuw sɛ wowɔ asikreyare. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ hormone insulin a dwensɔtwaa no yɛ wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no so tew (Asikreyare a ɛto so 1) anaasɛ nipadua no nyɛ insulin ho biribi yiye (asikreyare a ɛto so abien) a, asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu, kyerɛ sɛ, mogya mu glucose, kɔ soro.
Sɔhwɛ atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde si so dua sɛ wɔahu yare no. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ oduruyɛfo no hu sɛ sɔhwɛ biako bo yɛ kɛse a, obetu fo sɛ wɔnsan nyɛ nhwehwɛmu no bio mfa nsi so dua.
| Sɔhwɛ no din | Sɛnea wɔyɛ | Asikreyare ho adwenem naayɛ dodow |
|---|---|---|
| Mogya mu Asikre a Wɔde Di Dwumadi (FBS) . | Asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu a wobɛhwɛ anɔpa ansa na woadi biribiara. | Sɛ 126 mg/dL anaa nea ɛboro saa a. |
| Glucose a Wɔde Ma Anom Ho Nhwehwɛmu (OGTT) . | Nom anonne a glucose wom na hwɛ asikre a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu simma 30-60 biara kosi nnɔnhwerew 3. | Sɛ 200 mg/dL anaa nea ɛboro saa wɔ nnɔnhwerew 2 akyi a. |
| HbA1c Nhwehwɛmu (A1c Sɔhwɛ) . | Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den a ɛkyerɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu wɔ asram 2-3 a atwam no mu. | Sɛ 6.5% anaa nea ɛboro saa a. |
Bio nso, ɛtɔ da bi a wo duruyɛfo nso betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔfrɛ no Zinc Transporter 8 Autoantibody (ZnT8Ab). Saa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi betumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ ebia obi wɔ asikreyare a ɛto so 1 anaa asikreyare foforo. Sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm na wɔyɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wobetumi afi ayaresa a ɛfata ase ntɛm.
Dɛn ne asikreyare ayaresa?
Asikreyare nyɛ yare a w’ankasa wubetumi asa. Ɛyɛ tebea a emu yɛ den. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe wɔ oduruyɛfo hwɛ ase.
Wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo na wubetumi ate ase. Ebia wubehia akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo afoforo mmoa wɔ kwan so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wubehia mmoa a efi nan ho oduruyɛfo, aduan ho ɔbenfo, aniwa ho oduruyɛfo, ne nipadua mu nkwaadɔm ho oduruyɛfo hɔ.
Asikreyare ayaresa titiriw ne nnuru, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, ne aduan a wode bɛka abom na ama asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no akɔ so ayɛ nea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no. Sɛ wode w’adwene si nea wudi ne bere a wudi so a, wubetumi atew asikre dodow a ɛkɔ soro mpofirim wɔ wo mogya mu (seesaw nkɛntɛnso no) so. Eyi betumi aboa ma ɛho nhia sɛ wosakra w’aduru, titiriw wo insulin dodow, mpɛn dodow a ɛho hia no so.
Asikreyare Nnuru
Asikreyare a Ɛto so 1 Ayaresa
Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a ɛto so 1 a, wo dwensɔtwaa no ntumi nyɛ insulin a wuhia na ama woanya ahoɔden no bio. Enti ɛsɛ sɛ wunya insulin fi abɔnten, denam nnuru a wɔde twitwiw wo mu anaa insulin pɔmpɛ so . Bere a ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu kakra sɛ wobɛma wo ho a, mfiase no, ɛnyɛ den sɛnea wususuw no.
Nnipa binom de kɔmputa afiri bi a wɔfrɛ no insulin pɔmpɛ a ɛma insulin kɔ nipadua no mu bere a ɛfata ne dodow a ɛfata na edi dwuma.
Insulin ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde di dwuma mprempren.
| Insulin Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Yɛ | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|---|
| Adwuma a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm | Ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ simma kakraa bi mu na ɛtra hɔ nnɔnhwerew 2-4. |
| Bere tiaa mu (Daa anaa Bere tiaa mu adeyɛ) . | Ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ simma 30 mu na ɛtra hɔ nnɔnhwerew 3-6. |
| Mfinimfini-adeyɛ | Efi ase yɛ adwuma nnɔnhwerew 1-2 na ɛtra hɔ nnɔnhwerew 18. |
| Adeyɛ a ɛkyɛ | Ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ nnɔnhwerew 1-2 mu na ɛtra hɔ bɛboro nnɔnhwerew 24. |
| Ultra-a ɛyɛ adwuma bere tenten | Efi ase yɛ adwuma wɔ nnɔnhwerew 1-2 mu na ɛtra hɔ nnɔnhwerew 42. |
Asikreyare a Ɛto so 2 Ayaresa
Nnipa bi a wɔwɔ asikreyare a ɛto so abien no betumi adi wɔn yare no so denam aduan ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ nkutoo so. Afoforo nso hia nnuru anaa insulin a wɔde twitwiw wɔn. Saa nnuru yi yɛ adwuma wɔ akwan horow so ma asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu no san ba sɛnea na ɛte kan no.
- Nnuru a ɛma insulin yɛ kɛse wɔ dwensɔtwaa mu: Nhwɛso: glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide.
- Nnuru a ɛma asikre a ɛtwetwe fi aduan mu no so tew: Nhwɛso: acarbose (Precose).
- Nnuru a ɛma sɛnea nipadua no de insulin di dwuma no tu mpɔn: Nhwɛso ahorow: pioglitazone (Actos).
- Nnuru a ɛtew asikre a mmerɛbo no yɛ so na ɛtew insulin a ɛko tia no so: Nhwɛso: metformin (Glucophage). Metformin nso boa ma wɔhyɛ asikre so efisɛ ɛboa ma obi mu duru so tew.
- Nnuru a esiw asikre a asaabo no san ntumi nnye no kwan na ɛma ne ho kɔ soro wɔ nsu mu (SGLT2 inhibitors): Nhwɛso ahorow: canagliflozin (Invokana), dapagliflozin (Farxiga). Eyinom nso wɔ mfaso afoforo te sɛ mu duru a ɛso tew ne komayare ho asiane a ɛso tew.
Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛnom aduru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no, wɔ dodow a ɛfata mu, wɔ bere a ɛfata mu . Mfa obi foforo aduru nni dwuma da anaasɛ nnyae nom a wonkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wodi ma asikreyare?
Aduan a ɛkari pɛ ho hia ma obi a ɔwɔ asikreyare. Enti wo ne wo duruyɛfo anaa aduannuru ho ɔbenfo nkasa na ɔnyɛ aduan ho nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo.
- Adidi ne bere: Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a ɛto so 1 a, insulin dodow a wobɛnom no begyina wo dwumadi ne w’aduan so. Enti nea wudi, dodow a wudi, ne bere a wudi no ho hia saa ara. Wɔtaa kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wodi nnuan atitiriw abiɛsa ne nnuan nketenkete abiɛsa anaa anan.
- Mprɛte ho mmara: Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wode nhabannuru a starch nnim (sɛ nhwɛso no, broccoli, karɔt, kukuruku, kabege, tomato, bankye) bɛhyɛ wo prɛte no fã ma.
- Ma w’adwene si carbohydrates so: Carbohydrates dodow a wuhia ne dodow a woredi a wubehu no ho hia yiye na ama asikre a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no ano abrɛ ase. Paw aburow a wɔayam (e.g., aburow a ɛyɛ bruu, aburow a ɛyɛ bruu, oats, atoko).
- Srade ne protein: Tew srade a ɛyɛ den so. Yi trans srade fi hɔ koraa. Paw nam a ɛnyɛ den, mpataa, nnuaba, ne nufusu a srade nnim.
Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ho hia
Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ yɛ asikreyare ayaresa odum foforo a ɛho hia. Nanso akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa ansa na woafi apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ nhyehyɛe biara ase . Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ma sɛnea wo nipadua de insulin di dwuma no tu mpɔn na ebetumi ama asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so atew.
- Hwɛ yiye wɔ asikre a ɛba fam ho: Hwɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu bɛyɛ dɔnhwerew fã ansa na woateɛteɛ w’apɔw mu na sɛ ɛho hia a, di aduan ketewaa bi a carbohydrates wom. Sɛ wohu asikre a ɛba wo mogya mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne (adwene a ɛyɛ wo yaw, fifiri, wosow) bere a woreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a, gyae apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ na di biribi a ɛyɛ dɛ ntɛm ara (e.g. asikre nsenia biako, glucose bi).
- Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ dodow ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ?: Wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no , simma 150 apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ nantew a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm dapɛn biara. Fi ase ketewaa bi na nkakrankakra ma bere no nkɔ soro.
Asetra mu nsakrae yi yɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ.
Kwati sigaretnom.
Gyae saa su yi nnɛ. Sɛ wonom sigaret a, ɛbɛyɛ den kɛse sɛ wubedi asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so. Na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nsɛnnennen a efi asikreyare mu (komayare, asaabo mu yare, ntini a ɛsɛe, anifurae) no dɔɔso kɛse.
To nsa ano hye.
Sɛ wonom insulin anaa asikreyare nnuru bi a, nsa a wobɛnom no betumi ama asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so atew wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hu so. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ, sɛ wonom nsa a, wo mmerɛbo reyɛ adwuma de ayi nsa no afi hɔ mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ asikre a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so.
Tew adwennwen so.
Adwennwen betumi ama asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no akɔ soro, enti hwehwɛ akwan a wobɛfa so agye w’ahome. Nneɛma te sɛ adwendwene, yoga, ne bere a wo ne wo nnamfo bɛbɔ betumi aboa.
Hwɛ wo sẽ ne wo sẽ.
Asikreyare betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya anom yare no ayɛ kɛse, enti brush wo sẽ na fa nhama twitwiw wo sẽ mu yiye da biara.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Ɛwom sɛ asikreyare yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den de, nanso sɛ wodi ho dwuma yiye a, ebetumi aba sɛ obi bɛtra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ.
- Di wo duruyɛfo ayaresa nhyehyɛe no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Mma w’ankasa nsakra wo nnuru no anaasɛ nnyae da.
- Aduan, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, ne nnuru adum abiɛsa no ne asikreyare ano aduru fapem.
- Ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛhwɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu daa.
- Kwati suban a epira te sɛ sigaretnom ne nsa a wɔnom boro so koraa.
- Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ansa na wode aduru foforo anaa nnuru foforo biara a wɔde ka ho adi dwuma.
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