So asikreyare ka w’ani? (Diabetes-Related Retinopathy) Momma yensua ho ade.

So wowɔ asikreyare? Anaasɛ obi a wunim no wɔ asikreyare? Afei nea merebɛka no ho hia wo paa. Asikreyare yɛ yare a ɛma asikre dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu kɔ soro. Eyi betumi asɛe yɛn ani wɔ akwan horow a yɛnhwɛ kwan so. Wɔfrɛ saa ɔsɛe no `(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` anaasɛ asikreyare a ɛfa retina yare ho. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ, ɛyɛ?

Dɛn ne Asikreyare a Ɛfa Retinopathy Ho?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` kyerɛ sɛ asikreyare ma mogya ntini a ɛwɔ retina a ɛwɔ w’ani mu no yɛ mmerɛw na ɛsɛe. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ mfoninitwa afiri. Retina no yɛ adwuma te sɛ sini a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri yi mu no. Ɛha na wohu ahoni bere a hann atɔ no. Enti, sɛ saa ntini nketewa a ɛde mogya kɔ retina yi sɛe esiane asikreyare nti a, retina no nso gyae adwumayɛ yiye. Eyi betumi ama n’ani so atew, aniwa nhu ade yiye, na awiei koraa no, n’ani afura mpo .

Ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ asikreyare na obenya saa tebea yi. Na, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de akyɛ ne mfiase, anaasɛ mpo atew ne nkɛntɛnso so sɛ ɛba saa a. Enti nsuro, ɛyɛ? Momma yɛnka ɛno nso ho asɛm.

Yare yi afã abien na ɛwɔ hɔ.

`(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` nsɛe prɛko pɛ. Ɛwɔ afã atitiriw abien.

1. Mfiase: Asikreyare a ɛnyɛ nea ɛdɔɔso a ɛfa aniwa mu yare (NPDR) .

Eyi ne yare no mfiase. Wɔ saa bere yi mu no, mogya ntini a ɛwɔ retina no mu no fi ase twe mogya. Fa no sɛ nsu paipu a abubu. Saa adesɛe yi betumi ama mogya ntini no bi asiw. Eyi ba bere a nipadua no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ebesiesie nneɛma a asɛe no. Ebia worennya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw biara wɔ saa bere yi mu.

2. Asɛm a emu yɛ den: Asikreyare a ɛdɔɔso a ɛfa aniwa mu yare (PDR) .

NPDR kɔ so kodu baabi a wɔfrɛ no PDR bere a mogya ntini a asɛe no mu yɛ den kɛse no. Eyi ne bere a mogya ntini foforo, nanso ɛyɛ mmerɛw, fi ase hyehyɛ si nea asɛe no ananmu. Wɔhyehyɛ ntini foforo yi de bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma mogya a ɛkɔ retina no mu no ayɛ kɛse. Nanso, saa ntini foforo yi yɛ mmerɛw yiye na ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛpae na mogya atu. Saa mogya yi tumi boaboa ano wɔ ade a ɛte sɛ jelly a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu a wɔfrɛ no vitreous no mu. Esiane sɛ saa ntini foforo yi ba retina no ani nti, bere kɔ so no, jelly no tumi bata saa ntini yi ho na retina no tumi tetew (retina detachments) . Sɛ eyi ba a, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi befura no yɛ kɛse.

Dɛn ne yare yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Wɔ Asikreyare-Retinopathy no mfiase no, ebia worenhu sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Ɛno ne ɔfã a ɛyɛ hu no. Ebia worenhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani so kosi sɛ nneɛma a asɛe no bɛyɛ kɛse. Nanso, sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne fi ase da adi pɛ a, nea ebetumi ayɛ:

• Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu anaasɛ ɛyɛ kyinkyim: Ɛte sɛ nea worehwɛ sum mu, anaasɛ ɛte sɛ nea nneɛma atrɛw.
• Nsakrae a ɛba wɔ sɛnea wohu kɔla ahorow mu: Kɔla ahorow a kan no na wotumi hu no pefee no betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea afei de ayera anaasɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi kɛse. Ebia wubenya kɔla anifurae foforo mpo.
• Anadwo anifurae (nyctalopia): Anisoadehu so tew kɛse anadwo.
• Aniwa a ɛsensɛn nsu mu (myodesopsias): Ɛte sɛ nea nsensanee tuntum nketewa anaa nhama a ɛsensɛn aniwa no anim .
• Anifuraefo (scotomas): Nea wuhu no afã horow bi yɛ nea wontumi nhu.
• Mfomso ahorow a ɛwɔ aniwa so: Aniwa dodow a ɛwɔ mmeae a atwa ho ahyia no so tew.
• Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na awiei koraa no, aniwa a ɛyera.

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara .

Dɛn nti na tebea yi ba?

Nea ɛde ba titiriw ne asikreyare . Asikreyare ahorow betumi afi tebea yi mu aba.

• Asikreyare a ɛto so 1 `(Asikreyare a ɛto so 1)`
• Asikreyare a ɛto so abien `(Asikreyare a ɛto so abien)`
• Asikreyare a ɛto so 3c `(asikreyare a ɛto so 3c)`
• Asikreyare a ɛba wɔ nyinsɛn mu

Asikreyare yɛ tebea a efi ase bere a asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no kɔ soro bere tenten no . Sɛ asikre yi dɔɔso a, ɛsɛe mogya ntini a ɛwɔ wo nipadua nyinaa mu no mu afasu. Ɛka mogya ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ w’ani so no nso.

Mogya ntini a asɛe no bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobesiesie wɔn ho na wɔhwehwɛ akwan foforo a wɔbɛfa so ama mogya akɔ so asen. Ne saa nti, saa mogya ntini foforo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a madi kan aka ho asɛm no ba retina no ani. Ɛnyɛ den sɛ eyinom betumi apae na mogya akɔ ade a ɛte sɛ jelly a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu (vitreous) no mu. Afei nso, nsu betumi atu afi mogya ntini a asɛe no mu na ama retina no mfinimfini fã, ɔfã a yehu kɔla ahorow yiye na yehu nsonsonoe (macula) no ahonhon. Wɔfrɛ eyi macular edema . Afei, anisoadehu yɛ nea wontumi nhu.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde asiane ba?

Asiane afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aka `(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` nkɔso.

• Asikreyare a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedi so: Sɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu no kɔ soro bere nyinaa a, asiane no yɛ kɛse.
• Mogya mmoroso (ntini mmoroso) .
• Cholesterol dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ mogya mu (hyperlipidemia) .
• Koma mu nyarewa te sɛ komayare ne ahrawa mu ntini mu yare
• Asaabo mu yare a enni sabea ne asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye

Sɛ tebea horow yi wɔ hɔ a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ aniwa bɛsɛe no kɔ soro kɛse mpo bere a wɔde ka asikreyare ho no.

Nsɛnnennen a ebetumi afi yare yi mu aba

Sɛ wɔantumi anhyɛ Asikreyare a Ɛfa Asikreyare Ho no so yiye a, nsɛnnennen foforo betumi aba.

• Asikreyare a ɛde macular edema (asikreyare a ɛma aniwa no mfinimfini a ɛho ahonhon) .
• Retina a ɛpaapae
• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ aniwa no fã a ɛte sɛ jelly (vitreous hemorrhage) .
• Glaucoma (ani so nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro) .
• Mogya a ɛkɔ retina no fã a ɛma kɔla ne anisoadehu a ɛyɛ nnam no so tew (macular ischemia) .

Awiei koraa no, saa nsɛnnennen yi betumi ama nkwammoaa a ehu hann a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu a wɔfrɛ no photoreceptors no agyae adwumayɛ yiye. Eyi betumi ama obi ani abere daa na n’ani afura.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu yare yi?

Sɛnea madi kan aka no, nsakrae pii a ɛba aniwa mu a `(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` de ba no nkyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow wɔ mfiase no. Nanso, aniwa ho oduruyɛfo betumi ahu nsakrae yi ntɛm ara. Wɔnam nnwinnade titiriw a wɔde di dwuma ne nnuru a wɔde trɛw aniwa no mu so na ɛyɛ eyi. Wɔsan frɛ eyi `(dilated eye exam)` .

Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, ebia oduruyɛfo no behu nneɛma te sɛ:

• Cotton wool nsensanee wɔ aniwa no mu
• Mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ retina mu
• Mogya ntini nketenkete a ɛho ahonhon na ɛpae (microaneurysms) .
• Neovascularization of the eye (mogya ntini foforo a ɛba aniwa no mu) .
• Retina no mfinimfini fã a ɛho ahonhon (macular edema) .
• Srade a ɛwɔ retina no mu (retina exudates) .
• Mogya ntini a ɛte sɛ nea ɛnteɛ wɔ retina no mu
• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ ade a ɛte sɛ jelly a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no mu (vitreous hemorrhage) .

Enti, sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a, sɛ wunni sɛnkyerɛnne biara mpo a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, aniwa ho oduruyɛfo bɛhwɛ w’ani pɛnkoro afe biara.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa `(Asikreyare-Retinopathy)`?

Eyi ne ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara. `(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` yɛ tebea a wobetumi asa, nanso wontumi nsa koraa . Wobetumi asa yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne nsakrae a ɛba retina no mu no bi. Nanso, sɛ nneɛma a asɛe no mu yɛ den dodo pɛ a, wontumi nsakra nneɛma bi.

Ayaresa atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ: asikreyare a wubedi so ne w’ani a wobɛsa.

1. Wo asikreyare a wobɛhwɛ so

Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi pefee sɛ dodow a asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu ne hemoglobin A1C kɔ soro no, dodow no ara na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya Asikreyare a Ɛfa Retinopathy Ho no yɛ kɛse . Enti, asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu a wobɛhwɛ so – a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛma akɔ fam na ayɛ nea ɛyɛ den – ho hia yiye na ama yare yi afi ase akyɛ na woatew ne mu den so.

Sɛ wubetumi adi asikreyare so a, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nneɛma yi:

• Asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu a wobɛhwɛ daa:Wobetumi de nsateaa a wɔde poma ayɛ nhwehwɛmu anaasɛ glucose a wɔbɛkɔ so ahwɛ so ayɛ eyi.
• Ma w’adwene si aduan a wudi so: Nea wudi no ka asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu ne A1C bo tẽẽ.
• Nnuru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo a wobɛnom no yiye: Fa wo asikreyare aduru no sɛnea wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Eyi bɛboa kɛse ma asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no akɔ so ayɛ nea wɔkamfo kyerɛ no.
• Kɔ a wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ wo daa: Eyi ho hia yiye sɛ wubehu w’akwahosan nyinaa ho asɛm. Wubetumi ahu nsakrae a aba ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ada adi mpo.
• Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wobɛyɛ daa sɛnea wɔkamfo kyerɛ no: Eyi ho hia sɛ wowɔ asikreyare anaa asikreyare a edi kan a. Wobetumi afi ase ayɛ ayaresa ansa na nneɛma a asɛe no abɛyɛ nea ɛtra hɔ daa.
• Wo mu duru a ɛfata a wobɛkɔ so akura mu: Eyi nso boa ma wodi asikreyare so. W’abusua oduruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo kwan wɔ eyi ho.

2. Aniwa ayaresa

Botae a ɛwɔ aniwa ayaresa mu ne sɛ wobedi aniwa ne aniwa mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so na wɔasiw ɔsɛe a ɛba retina no ano anaasɛ ɛbɛtew so. Ayaresa pɔtee bi a wɔde sa Asikreyare-Retinopathy no bi ne:

• Nnuru: Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde nnuru a ɛko tia ntini mu endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) anaa corticosteroids di dwuma. Wɔde eyinom gu aniwa no mu. W’ani duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nnuru afoforo a wubetumi apaw mu.
• Laser oprehyɛn: Wɔ akwan horow te sɛ laser photocoagulation , aniwa ho ɔbenfo de laser sa wo retina yare. Eyi betumi asiw mogya ntini foforo a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a enyin no ano, atew so, anaasɛ ɛbɛma mogya no agyae. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyi betumi ama obi ahwere ade anadwo anaasɛ onhu ade wɔ akyirikyiri kakra.
• Aniwa oprehyɛn: Sɛ wo retina no atew (retina detachment), sɛ mogya aboaboa ano wɔ aniwa no mu (vitreous hemorrhage) na ɛrentu, anaasɛ sɛ nneɛma foforo asɛe kɛse wɔ aniwa no so a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo oprehyɛn a wɔfrɛ no vitrectomy .

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ me duruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare, anaasɛ wɔahu sɛ wowɔ Asikreyare a Ɛfa Asikreyare Ho a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ aniwa ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn daa. Ɔbɛkyerɛ wo mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ woba mu kɔhwɛ wo. Nhyehyɛe yi akyi a wubedi no betumi aboa wo ma woahu nsakrae biara a anibere wom ansa na ayɛ den.

Afei nso, sɛ wuhu nsakrae a ɛba w’ani so nkakrankakra a edidi so yi mu biara a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara :

• Anisoadehu a ɛso tew anaasɛ onhu ade yiye te sɛ kan no.
• Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu anaasɛ ɛyɛ kyinkyim.
• Sɛ nneɛma a worehwɛ no afã horow bi yɛ sum, ayera, anaasɛ ɛsono sɛnea na ɛte kan no a.

Nanso, sɛ wohu nsakrae mpofirim wɔ w’ani so te sɛ eyinom a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea anaa baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ a ɛbɛn wo ntɛm ara:

• Aniwa mu yaw a emu yɛ den.
• Anisoadehu a ɛyera koraa mpofirim anaasɛ aniwa a ɛyera kɛse.

Daakye bɛn na obi a ɔwɔ `(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` betumi ahwɛ kwan?

Asikreyare-Retinopathy yɛ tebea a ɛtra hɔ daa, nkwa nna nyinaa. Aduru biara nni hɔ a wɔde bɛsa. Nanso, wubetumi ayɛ nneɛma bi de adi so na woato aniwa a ɛyera no ano hye.

Nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare no taa nya saa tebea yi, nanso ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ asikreyare na obenya bi. Nanso, ebetumi anya w’asetra so nkɛntɛnso kɛse, enti ɛho hia sɛ woyɛ nea wubetumi biara de siw ano anaasɛ wobɛtwentwɛn so.

Sɛ wuhu yare no ntɛm na wunya ayaresa wɔ bere ano a, wubetumi asiw aniwa a ɛyera ano na ama yare no akɔ so akyɛ. Sɛ wosa wo yare akyi mpo a, sɛ wudi wo asikreyare so yiye na woma asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no yɛ nea wo nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ a, wubenya hokwan a eye sen biara sɛ wobɛtew yare yi nkɛntɛnso ano.

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, nnipa binom betumi anya nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den. Nanso, akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so twentwɛn saa nsɛnnennen no ase sɛnea wobetumi na wɔadi nsakrae a asikreyare de ba aniwa so no ho dwuma.

So wobetumi asiw Asikreyare a Ɛfa Retinopathy Ho no ano?

Yiw, asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu a wobɛhwɛ so na woakura hemoglobin A1C dodow a ɛba fam mu no betumi aboa ma woasiw Asikreyare-Retinopathy ano. Sɛ woyɛ saa nneɛma yi a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a retinopathy no tumi san n’akyi.

Ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ asikreyare na ɔwɔ eyi, nanso wɔn a wɔn mogya mu asikre dodow a wontumi nhyɛ so ne wɔn a wɔwɔ asikreyare bere tenten no taa nya ``Diabetes-Related Retinopathy'' kɛse.

Sɛ wunni asikreyare mpo a, sɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wowɔ asikreyare ansa na woanya asikreyare a), wubetumi ayɛ ho biribi ansa na wɔahu sɛ wowɔ asikreyare. Sɛ woyɛ ho biribi ntɛm a, ebetumi asiw asikreyare a ɛbɛba no ano anaasɛ akyɛ. Ebetumi aka asikreyare a ɛma obi nya aniwa mu yare nso.

Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa wo ma woahu asikreyare a ɛfa Aniwa mu Yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan bere tenten ansa na woahu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow. Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu, titiriw w’awofo, wo nuanom, anaa wo mma, wɔ asikreyare a, asiane kɛse wom sɛ wo nso wubenya bi. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa no.

Ɛmfa ho sɛnea wobɛdi wo asikreyareɛ so yie no, ɛtɔ da bi a ebia ɛrennɔɔso sɛ ɛbɛsi ``Diabetes-Related Retinopathy'' a ɛbɛba no ano. Nanso, asikreyare a wubedi so, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wobɛyɛ daa, ne w’ani a wobɛhwɛ so no da so ara ho hia yiye. Wobetumi aboa ma woabɔ w’anisoadehu ho ban.

Wo asikreyare ho oduruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ wo kwan wɔ eyi ho na ɔde wo akɔ aniwa ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn. Sɛ wohwɛ yiye na woboa wo daa a, nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de abɔ w’anisoadehu a ɛsom bo no ho ban.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti nneɛma bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu ni:

• Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a, hwɛ w’ani so titiriw. Asikreyare-Retinopathy betumi ayɛ tebea a emu yɛ den.
• Ma asikre a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu ne ``Hemoglobin A1C`` dodow nkɔ so. Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara.
• Sɛ wunni sɛnkyerɛnne biara mpo a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woma aniwa ho oduruyɛfo hwɛ w’ani anyɛ yiye koraa no pɛnkoro afe biara (dilated eye exam). Sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa.
• Sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani so (ɛyɛ kusuu, nsensanee tuntum, kɔla a ɛsakra) a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
• Sɛ wonom sigaret a, gyae. Sigaretnom nso betumi ama tebea yi asɛe kɛse.
• Di nneɛma te sɛ mogya mmoroso ne srade a ɛwɔ nipadua mu no so.

Kae sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nko ara. Nnuruyɛfo ne abusua mufo wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa wo. Sɛ wommɔ hu, na woannya ayaresa a ɛfata, na woabɔ bra pa a, wubetumi abɔ w’ani ho ban.

` Asikreyare, asikreyare aniwa a ɛsɛe, retinopathy, aniwa akwahosan, anisoadehu ahobammɔ, asikreyare ayaresa, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu