So wote nka nso sɛ wonyɛ wo ho? Momma yɛnka eyinom (Dissociative Disorders) ho asɛm!

So woate nka pɛn sɛ wiase a wote mu no nyɛ nea ɛwɔ hɔ ankasa? Anaasɛ te sɛ nea worehwɛ wo ho afi w’ankasa wo nipadua akyi? So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo werɛ fi nneɛma a ɛho hia mpo? Sɛ wunya saa osuahu ahorow yi daa a, ebia wowɔ dissociative disorder . Mma ɛnhaw wo, yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so a wubetumi ate ase.

Dɛn ne saa dissociative disorders yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dissociation disorder yɛ adwenemyare bi. Ɛyɛ bere a wote nka sɛ wo ne wo nokwasɛm, w’ankasa nipadua, anaa wo nkae ntam abusuabɔ atwa. Asɛmfua "dissociation" no kyerɛ ankasa sɛ "ntetewmu." Ɛkyerɛ sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ne nnipa afoforo, wiase a atwa wo ho ahyia, anaa w’ankasa mpo ntam abusuabɔ atwa na wo ntam.

Mpɛn pii no saa tebea horow yi sɔre esiane bere tiaa anaa bere tenten mu ahodwiriw a emu yɛ den (`trauma`) a wɔahyia wɔ asetra mu bere bi nti. Fa no sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so abɔ adwene no ho ban. Ɛne sɛ, sɛ ahodwiriw bi a wontumi nnyina ano ba a, adwene no ‘twa’ bere tiaa bi de yi ɛyaw no fi hɔ. Nanso sɛ eyi kɔ so a, ɛbɛyɛ ɔhaw.

Dɛn ne dissociative disorders ahorow atitiriw?

Dissociative disorders ahorow atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

1. Ɔhaw a Ɛma Nnipa Tew Wɔn Ho (DID) .

Eyi ne nea nnipa binom frɛ no "nipasu ahorow pii." Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ ha ne sɛ onipa koro no ara wɔ nipasu ahorow abien anaa nea ɛboro saa a ɛsono emu biara . Yɛfrɛ saa nkyerɛkyerɛmu ahorow yi ``alters.' ' ``Alter'' biara di onipa no nneyɛe so wɔ mmere ahorow mu. Fa no sɛ ɛnyɛ onipa koro wɔ bere bi mu, na mmom bere foforo. ``Alter'' biara betumi anya n'ankasa abakɔsɛm soronko, su ahorow, nea ɔpɛ ne nea ɔmpɛ. Ɛte sɛ nea nnipa pii wɔ nipadua biako mu.

2. Dissociative Amnesia a Ɛma Nnipa Tew Wɔn Ho

Wɔ saa tebea yi mu no , wohwere w’asetra ho nsɛm a ɛho hia. Ebia asɛm pɔtee bi a esii wɔ w’asetra mu nkutoo na werɛ fi yi. Anaasɛ ebia wo werɛ befi w’asetra mu nsɛm no fã kɛse bi, ebia onipa ko a woyɛ mpo.

3. Depersonalization/Derealization Ɔhaw

Wubetumi anya osuahu abien no nyinaa wɔ eyi mu, anaasɛ wubetumi anya biako pɛ.

• Depersonalization: Eyi ne bere a wote nka sɛ wo ho atew afi w’adwene, wo nkate, ne wo nipadua ho. Ɛte sɛ nea worehwɛ w’asetra wɔ abɔnten, te sɛ nea worehwɛ sini.
• Derealization: Eyi ne bere a wote nka sɛ nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia, nnipa, ne nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia no nyɛ nokware. Ebia biribiara bɛyɛ te sɛ dae, a ɛyɛ kusuu.

Nea ɛka eyi ho no , dissociative fugueNsɛnkyerɛnne bi nso wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no "nsisi." Nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wobɛhwere nkae bere tiaa bi na woatra baabi a wontumi nsusuw ho a wunsusuw ho.

Esiane sɛ dissociative disorders yɛ tebea a efi ahodwiriw mu nti, nnipa pii a wɔwɔ saa tebea horow yi nso betumi anya adwenemyare afoforo. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Adwennwen a Ɛba Akyirikyiri (PTSD) .
• Nnipa a Wɔyɛ Ɔhye (BPD) .
• Nnubɔne a Wɔde Di Dwuma Ho Nsɛnnennen
• Hahaahayɔ
• Dadwen Ho Nsɛnnennen

Henanom na tebea horow yi ka no kɛse?

Dissociative disorders betumi aka nnipa a wɔadi mfe, abusuakuw, anaa asetra mu sikasɛm tebea biara, nanso wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ abu so kɛse wɔ mmea mu .

Nnipa a wɔayɛ wɔn ayayade wɔ honam fam anaa nna mu bere a na wɔyɛ mmofra no wɔ asiane mu titiriw sɛ wobenya dissociative identity disorder (DID). Wɔ aman te sɛ United States, Canada, ne Europa mu no, wɔahu sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ DID no mu bɛyɛ 90% na wɔyɛɛ wɔn ayayade na wobuu wɔn ani guu wɔn so bere a na wɔyɛ mmofra.

Dissociative disorders abu so dɛn?

Saa tebea horow yi ho yɛ na ankasa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Amerikafo dodow bɛyɛ 2% na wɔwɔ saa ɔhaw ahorow yi.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛwɔ dissociative disorders ho?

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi gu ahorow gyina ɔhaw ko a obi wɔ so. Mpɛn pii no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi fi ase da adi wɔ asɛm bi a ɛyɛ hu akyi. Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi asɛe kɛse wɔ adwennwen bere mu na asiw da biara da dwumadi ahorow kwan.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi yɛ dissociative identity disorder (`DID`):

Obi a ɔwɔ `DID` wɔ nipasu soronko abien anaa nea ɛboro saa. `Core` identity no ne onipa no nipasu a ɛfata. `Alters` yɛ onipa no nipasu foforo.

`(alter)` biara wɔ n'ankasa suban soronko, suban, akɔnnɔ, nkae, ne akwan a ɔfa so susuw nneɛma ho. Ebia afoforo nso betumi ahu nsonsonoe a ɛda saa `(asesa)` yi ntam, ne nsonsonoe a ɛda onipa a ɔwɔ `DID` no ntam nso. Nsakraeɛ a ɛfiri `(alter)` baako mu kɔ foforɔ mu no ba wɔ adwenem naayɛ mpofirim.

DID ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw foforo ne da biara da nsɛm a esisi, ankorankoro nsɛm, ne/anaasɛ nsɛm a ɛyɛ awerɛhow a esisii wɔ bere a atwam no mu ho nkae a ɛkɔ so . Bere a saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ayɛ mmerɛw ama nnipa binom de, nanso ebetumi anya afoforo asetra so nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

Dissociative Amnesia Ho Nsɛnkyerɛnne:

Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne nkae a ɛba mpofirim , a ebetumi atra hɔ asram pii anaa mfe pii mpo.

Nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛma obi kae ade:

• Localized: Wo werɛ fi asɛm pɔtee bi a esii anaa bere bi (eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛtaa ba).
• Nea wɔpaw: .Nsɛm bi a esisii wɔ bere pɔtee bi mu nkutoo na wɔn werɛ fi.
• Generalized: Wohwere wo nkae nyinaa wɔ wo nipasu ne w’asetra mu asɛm ho (eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛntaa nsi).

Ebia wunnim sɛ wokae ade yiye, anaasɛ ebia wunim ho hwee kakra. Nanso mpɛn pii no wɔn a wɔbɛn wo paa no betumi ahu saa nkae a wɔhwere yi.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ɛkyerɛ sɛ Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder:

Wɔ saa tebea yi mu no, osuahu ahorow a edidi so yi mu biako anaa abien no nyinaa ba wɔ ɔkwan a ɛsan ba so wɔ bere tenten mu:

• Depersonalization: Nkate a ɛne sɛ wo ho atew wo ho afi w’adwene, wo nipadua, anaa wo ho, na wo ne nokwasɛm nni nkitaho. Te sɛ nea worehwɛ w’asetra ne nsɛm a esisi wɔ akyirikyiri, na woremfa wo ho nhyɛ mu denneennen.
• Derealization: Nkate a ɛne sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia ho na woayɛ nea ɛnyɛ nokware. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea nnipa ne nneɛma nyɛ nokware.

Wɔ saa nsɛm yi mu no, wunim nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia, na wunim sɛ nea worehyia no nyɛ ade a ɛfata.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi afi ase wɔ mmofraase. Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, mfe a obi adi ansa na wafi ase no bɛyɛ mfe 16. Nnipa a wɔwɔ tebea no mu nnu 20% na wonya wɔn yare a edi kan wɔ mfe 20 akyi.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde dissociative disorders ba?

Mpɛn pii no, dissociative disorders ba sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so gyina asɛm bi a ɛboro so anaa adwennwen, ayayade, anaa ahodwiriw a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ ano .

Eyi te saa titiriw bere a nsɛm yi sisi wɔ mmofraase, bere a mmofra sua no. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ saa bere no, abofra no tumi a ɔde bɛte nea ɛrekɔ so no ase no sua. Afei nso, akwan horow a wɔfa so gyina ɔhaw bi ano no nnya nwiei. Sɛ mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ asɛyɛde na wɔwɔ nimdeɛ wɔ hɔ nkutoo a, wobetumi anya mmoa ne mmoa.

Adwene mu ‘nkitahodi a wobɛtwe’ afi tebea a ɛyɛ awerɛhow mu no betumi ayɛ bere tiaa mu ahobammɔ afiri a ɛboa wo ma wuguan ɛyaw no. Nanso sɛ saa afiri a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban yi kɔ so tetew wo fi nokwasɛm ho, na ɛpopa bere tenten bi fi wo nkae mu a, ɛnde ɛbɛyɛ ɔhaw.

Tebea horow a ɛyɛ awerɛhow ho nhwɛso ahorow:

• Honam fam, adwene, anaa nna mu ayayade a wɔyɛ no mpɛn pii
• Akwanhyia bi
• Abɔde mu asiane
• Ɔko mu ntawntawdi ahorow
• Nsɛmmɔnedi bi a wɔayɛ no bɔne

Nnansa yi, nyansahufo reyɛ amemene no nhyehyɛe ne dwumadi pɔtee a ɛne mpaapaemu wɔ abusuabɔ no mu nhwehwɛmu. Nea wɔahu ne sɛ bere a wɔpaapae amemene no mu no, amemene no afã horow a ɛwɔ amemene no mu tɔnn a ɛne nkae wɔ abusuabɔ no da dwumadi bi a ɛyɛ nnyigyei a ɛyɛ dɛ adi, bere a ɛte sɛ nea abusuabɔ a ɛda afã afoforo a ɛyɛ nea ɛma wosusuw nneɛma ho na wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe no yera .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobehu dissociative disorders?

Nnuruyɛfo hwehwɛ sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛma obi tetew obi ntam denam wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne w’ankasa abakɔsɛm a wɔhwehwɛ mu yiye so.

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu mfa nhwɛ nipadua mu tebea afoforo a ebetumi de saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi aba (e.g., nkae a ɛyera). Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Ti a wɔapirapira
• Amemene mu akisikuru
• Dae a wonnya nni
• Nnubɔne ne/anaasɛ nsa a wɔde di dwuma

Sɛ wopow nipadua mu nneɛma biara a ɛde wo ba wie a, ɛda adi sɛ wɔde wo bɛkɔ adwenemyare ho ɔbenfo te sɛ adwenemyare ho ɔbenfo anaa adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn, na ɔnam ayaresabea nsɛm a wobisabisa ne nea ɔhwɛ so bɛhu.

Adwene mu akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo de gyinapɛn ahorow a efi American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) mu na ɛkyekyɛ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛma obi tetew mu no mu na wɔhwehwɛ mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa dissociative disorders?

Ayaresa titiriw a wɔde sa dissociative disorders ne adwene mu ayaresa, anaa kasa mu ayaresa. Eyi boa wo ma wudi dissociative process ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho dwuma.

Adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo a wɔatete no a ɔwɔ tumi krataa , te sɛ adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo anaa adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo na ɔde adwenemyare ho ayaresa ma. Ɛma wo ne/anaa w’abusua mmoa, nhomasua, ne akwankyerɛ a ɛbɛboa wo ma woagyina da biara da asetra ano na ama w’adwene mu yiyedi atu mpɔn.

Akwan a wɔtaa fa so sa adwene mu ayaresa wɔ dissociative disorders ho no bi ni:

• Nkate mu Suban Ho Ayaresa (CBT): Eyi yɛ adwene mu ayaresa a wɔahyehyɛ, a wɔde wɔn ani asi so. Wo duruyɛfo boa wo ma wohwɛ wo nsusuwii ne wo nkate mu kɔ akyiri. Ɛnam CBT so no, wobɛtumi asua sɛ wobɛgyae nsusuiɛ ne nneyɛeɛ a ɛnyɛ papa na woanya adwene ne suban a ɛyɛ papa.
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Wɔayɛ DBT titiriw ama nnipa a wonya nkate a emu yɛ den. Botae titiriw ne sɛ wobɛkari pɛ wɔ onipa ko a woyɛ ne nea wo nsɛnnennen yɛ ho adansedi ne nsakrae mu mfaso horow no mu. Wo duruyɛfo no bɛboa wo ma woasua nneɛma foforo a ɛbɛma woatumi ahwɛ wo nkate so yiye.

Ayaresa no betumi ayɛ den, efisɛ nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wɔbɛkae nsɛm a ɛyɛ hu a atwam na wɔasua sɛnea wobegyina ano. Nanso, bere tenten mu no, ebetumi ama wo ho atɔ wo kɛse afi wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu .

Ayaresa afoforo a ebetumi aboa:

• Hypnosis (`Nneɛma a wɔde dadaa` / `Ayaresa a wɔde dadaa`):Hypnosis yɛ tebea a ɛma obi ho dwo no kɛse na ɔde n’adwene si biribi so denneennen. Sɛ wowɔ adwenem naayɛ mu a, saa adwene a emu yɛ den yi ma wubu w’ani gu nneɛma a ɛtwetwe adwene a ɛfata so na wubue w’ani kɛse ma nyansahyɛ ahorow a ebetumi akyerɛ wo kwan ma woayɛ nsakrae na ama w’akwahosan atu mpɔn.
• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR therapy): Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wobɛkanyan w’ani wɔ akwan pɔtee bi so bere a woredi nkae a ɛyɛ awerɛhow ho dwuma no. EMDR botae ne sɛ ɛbɛboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo afi adwenemhaw anaa asetra mu osuahu afoforo a ɛhaw adwene mu. Sɛ wɔde toto ayaresa afoforo ho a, EMDR yɛ ɔkwan foforo koraa.

Aduru pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔde sa dissociative disorders. Nanso, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nnuru te sɛ nnuru a ekum adwenemhaw akyerɛ wo de asa adwenemyare afoforo a ebia ɛwɔ hɔ.

Dɛn na daakye bɛyɛ ama obi a ɔwɔ dissociative disorder?

Nkɔmhyɛ a ɛbɛba obi a ɔwɔ dissociative disorders ho no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho.

Sɛ wɔde animdefo sa yare (mpɛn pii no wɔde adwene mu ayaresa) di dwuma a, nnipa pii a wɔwɔ dissociative disorder betumi adi wɔn sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw so na wɔayɛ adwuma yiye wɔ da biara da asetra mu.

Nanso wɔ nnipa binom fam, titiriw wɔn a wɔwɔ dissociative identity disorder (DID) no, tebea no betumi de wɔn nkwa ato asiane mu. Mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ wobekum wɔn ho na wɔapira wɔn ho abu so wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ DID mu. Wobu akontaa sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ DID no mu bɛboro 70% bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobekum wɔn ho.

Sɛ wo anaa obi a ɔbɛn wo renya adwene sɛ obekum ne ho a, yɛsrɛ wo frɛ National Mental Health Helpline wɔ 1926. Obi wɔ hɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 da biara sɛ ɔbɛboa wo.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wote nka sɛ wowɔ dissociative disorder ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, wo ne oduruyɛfo anaa adwenemyare ho ɔfotufo nkasa ntɛm ara.

Sɛnea ɛte wɔ adwenemyare biara ho no, mmoa a wobɛhwehwɛ bere a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi ara pɛ no betumi aboa ma w’asetra mu ɔhaw no so atew. Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛtetew wo ho a, wo ne oduruyɛfo nkasa. Adwene mu akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo betumi de ayaresa nhyehyɛe ama wo de aboa wo ma woadi wo tebea no ho dwuma.

Take-Home Message a efi Nea Yɛaka no mu

Okay, enti momma yɛnkae wo nsɛntitiriw bi a ɛho hia sen biara a efi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu.

• Dissociative disorders yɛ adwene mu tebea bi a ebetumi aba bere a obi anya adwenemhaw a emu yɛ den .
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ne wo ho, wo nkae, anaa wiase a wote mu no ntam atwa .
• Dissociative identity disorder (DID), dissociative amnesia, ne depersonalization/reality disorder ne ahorow titiriw no.
• Saa tebea horow yi ho yɛ na, nanso ayaresa ahorow wɔ hɔ.
• Ayaresa titiriw ne adwene mu ayaresa.
• Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, nsuro anaasɛ ɛnwu sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wubenya mmoa ntɛm.
• Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara. Nnipa pii repere saa tebea horow yi, na ebinom nso wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa wo.

Kae sɛ, tebea yi a wubehu, ho asɛm a wobɛka, ne mmoa a wobɛhwehwɛ no yɛ anammɔn akɛse a wobɛfa so asan adi w’asetra so.

` Dissociative Disorders, Adwene mu Akwahosan, Ahodwiriw, Nkae a Ɛyera, Adwene mu Ayaresa, DID, Depersonalization