Nna bi wɔ hɔ a wowɔ adwuma bepɔw bi a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ, nanso ɛte sɛ nea wuntumi mfi ase kɛkɛ. Anaasɛ ebia wubehu sɛ woretu mmirika akɔ baabiara, wuntumi mfa w’adwene nsi biribi so, na nneɛma nketenkete mpo atwetwe w’adwene. Ebia worebisa wo ho sɛ, "Dɛn nti na eyi reto me? So meyɛ ɔkwasea?" Sɛ woanya osuahu a ɛte saa ara a, saa asɛmti a yɛreka ho asɛm nnɛ yi bɛyɛ nea ɛho hia wo yiye. Momma yɛnka Executive Dysfunction ho asɛm.
Dɛn ne Executive Dysfunction?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Executive Dysfunction nyɛ yare. Ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛyɛ suban ho haw a ɛba bere a yɛn amemene no dwumadi ahorow bi ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye no. Eyi siw yɛn adwene, nkate, ne yɛn nneyɛe ho dwuma a yetumi nni.
Susuw CEO a ɔwɔ adwumayɛbea bi ho hwɛ. Ɔno na ɔhwɛ adwumakuw no nyinaa so, ɔyɛ nhyehyɛe, kyekyɛ adwuma, na odi ɔhaw ahorow ho dwuma. Yɛn amemene te saa. Nhyehyɛe titiriw bi a wɔde di dwuma te sɛ eyi wɔ amemene no anim fã no mu. Yɛfrɛ eyi ‘adwumayɛfo dwumadi’ anaasɛ Adwumayɛfo Dwumadi. Sɛ nhyehyɛe yi yɛ mmerɛw a, Executive Dysfunction ba.
Dɛn ne yɛn amemene no ‘Executive Functions’?
Sɛ yɛte saa Executive Functions yi ase yiye a, ɛnyɛ den yiye sɛ yɛbɛte nea Executive Dysfunction yɛ ase. Wobetumi akyekyɛ saa dwumadi ahorow yi mu abiɛsa titiriw.
| Dwumadie | Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a... |
|---|---|
| Adwumayɛ mu Nkae | Eyi te sɛ bere tiaa mu nkae (RAM) a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu no. Ɛboa yɛn ma yɛkae nsɛm a yehia bere a yɛreyɛ biribi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ yɛbɛkae telefon nɔma bi a obi de ama yɛn kosi sɛ yɛbɛbɔ. |
| Nhumu mu Nsakrae | Eyi kyerɛ tumi a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛdan afi asɛmti biako so akɔ foforo so, afi adwuma biako so akɔ foforo so. Susuw sɛnea saa tumi yi som bo bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wosakra kɔ tebea bi a ɛsakra mpofirim mu no ho hwɛ. Nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tumi yi pii no yɛ adebɔfo kɛse. |
| Impulse Control (Ahyɛnsode a Wɔde Siw Ano) . | Eyi ne yɛn amemene no ‘breki’ nhyehyɛe. Ɛboa yɛn ma yedi yɛn nkate, nsusuwii a yɛmpɛ, ne nneyɛe so. Ɛwɔ afã abien: Suban Ho Nkonimdi - biribi a ɛnsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ (e.g. sɛ yɛrenka asɛmmɔne bere a yɛn bo afuw) ne Interference Control - a yɛde yɛn adwene si adwuma a ɛwɔ yɛn nsam no so, yebu yɛn ani gu dede ne nsusuwii a yɛmpɛ a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no so. |
Saa dwumadi atitiriw yi gyina dwumadi ahorow a ɛkorɔn te sɛ nhyehyɛe , nsusuwii, ne ɔhaw ahorow ano aduru so . Eyinom nyinaa ho hia wɔ yɛn da biara da asetra mu.
Obi a ɔwɔ Executive Dysfunction te nka dɛn?
Esiane sɛ saa Executive Functions yi fa nneɛma pii ho nti, tebea a wɔfrɛ no Executive Dysfunction no betumi aka wo wɔ akwan horow pii so. Ebia woanya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa.
| Feature/Ɔhaw a ɛwɔ mu | Nhwɛso ketewaa bi |
|---|---|
| Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so | Nneɛma nketenkete mpo betumi atwetwe w’adwene. Sɛ woretie asɛm bi, wɔ nhyiamu mu, anaa adesua mu a, w’adwene kyinkyin (awia daeɛ). |
| Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubefi adwuma ase na woayɛ nhyehyɛe | Mente nka mpo sɛ mefi adwuma ase efisɛ mintumi nsusuw sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ bere a wɔawie no ho. Mintumi mfa me ho mmfi adwuma a misusuw sɛ ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ mfonoe ase. |
| Ntwitwiridii ne werɛ a wofi | Sɛ wunni adagyew a, biribi foforo twetwe w’adwene na wo werɛ fi nea na woreyɛ no. Fa no sɛ worekɔ frigye mu akɔfa nsu a wobɛnom a wo nsafe wɔ wo nsam, na woagyaw safe no wɔ frigye no mu na wo werɛ afi. |
| Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa nkate a wɔde di dwuma ho | Ɛwom mpo sɛ woresusuw ho sɛ wobɛkɔ adidi mu de, nanso mpofirim ara wudi keeki asinasin. Woka nea ɛba w’adwenem biara kɛkɛ, a wunsusuw ho sɛ ebia ɛbɛhaw ɔfoforo no nkate anaa. |
| Ɛyɛ den sɛ obi bɛkyerɛkyerɛ ne nsusuwii mu | Sɛ wote nea ɛwɔ wo tirim ase yiye mpo a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wode nsɛm bɛka ho na woakyerɛkyerɛ mu pefee akyerɛ obi foforo. |
Dɛn na ebetumi de eyi aba?
Abenfo da so ara nnim nea ɛde adwumayɛfo a wɔnyɛ adwuma yiye ba, nanso wɔahu sɛ ɛne adwene ne ntini mu tebea horow bi wɔ abusuabɔ.
Adwene mu akwahosan tebea horow
- Adwene a Wɔde Si Adwene a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma Ntraso (ADHD) .
- Hahaahayɔ
- Ɔyare a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so (OCD) .
- Autism Spectrum Nyarewa a Ɛyɛ Fɛ
- Nnubɔne ne nsa a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so Adwene mu yare a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so
Amemene a ɛsɛe ne nyarewa
- Ti a opira (e.g. Ahodwiriw, Amemene mu Apirakuru a Ɛyɛ Hu - TBIs) .
- Nnwodwoɔ
- Adwene mu yare ne Alzheimer yare
- Amemene mu kokoram
- Ɔsɛe a mframa pa a enni amemene no mu ba (Cerebral hypoxia) .
- Amemene mu nyarewa te sɛ meningitis
- Ntini a Ɛyɛ Fɛ (MS) .
So aduru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa eyi?
Yiw, koraa. Kae sɛ ɛnyɛ Executive Dysfunction ho sɛnkyerɛnne no na yɛresa wɔ ha, na mmom nea ɛde ba titiriw no . Enti, sɛ worehu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn .
Ayaresa a wubetumi apaw no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina wo tebea, w’akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm, ne nea wopɛ so. Ayaresa atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:
1. Nnuru: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru a ɛkanyan tebea horow te sɛ ADHD ne nnuru a ekum adwenemhaw ama adwenemhaw. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔfa eyinom wɔ nnuruyɛfo afotu ase nkutoo .
2. Adwene ne Nkate Ho Ayaresa: Ayaresa a wɔtaa de sa eyi ne Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) . Eyi boa wo ma wudi ɔhaw ahorow yi ho dwuma denam wo nsusuwii ne wo nneyɛe a wobɛsakra no so.
So Executive Dysfunction ne Procrastination yɛ ade koro?
Eyi yɛ biribi a nnipa pii adwene tu fra. Ɛsono abien no koraa. Ɔbrɛ yɛ bere a yɛde adwempa to biribi a yɛbɛyɛ no ase. Ɛyɛ nea wɔpaw.
Nanso, Executive Dysfunction nyɛ ɔbrɛ anaa anigye a wonni. Ɛyɛ tebea a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedi so a nsakrae a ɛba amemene no dwumadi mu na ɛde ba. Enti, sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ obi a ɔte sɛɛ sɛ, "Nnyɛ ɔkwasea, kɔyɛ biribi" a, ɛremmoa.
So wobetumi asiw tebea yi ano?
Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobesiw adwumayɛfo a wɔnyɛ adwuma yiye a adwenemyare ahorow de ba no ano. Nanso nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yɛn amemene no bɛsɛe no so:
- Hyɛ ahobammɔ ho nneɛma: Hyɛ dade kyɛw bere a wote sakre anaa moto so no. Hyɛ ahobammɔ bɛlt bere a woreka kar no. Eyinom betumi asiw ti a wopirapira pii ano.
- Mmu w’ani ngu ɔyare mmoawa so: Hwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm ara ma aso anaa aniwa mu yare. Saa nyarewa yi betumi ayɛ asiane sɛ ɛtrɛw kɔ amemene no mu a.
- Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ na kura mu duru a ɛfata mu: Eyi betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nyarewa te sɛ akisikuru so.
- Bɔ wo ho ban fi mframa a awuduru wom ho: Sɛ wode wo ho hyɛ mframa a awuduru wom te sɛ carbon monoxide mu a, ebetumi asɛe amemene. Sɛ wususuw sɛ awuduru bi aka wo ho a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara. Sɛ ɛho hia a, wubetumi nso afrɛ Ɔman Awuduru Ho Amanneɛbɔbea a ɛwɔ Colombo Ɔman Ayaresabea hɔ akɔhwehwɛ afotu.
Executive Dysfunction a wobɛtra ase no betumi ayɛ asɛnnennen. Wɔ obi a ofi abɔnten fam no, ebia wobɛyɛ te sɛ obi a onnwen ho na ɔyɛ ɔkwasea. Nanso wunim saa apereperedi yi yiye. Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara. Sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa ho a, ɛno ne ade a edi kan ne nea ɛho hia sen biara a wode bedi ɔhaw yi ho dwuma. Sɛ wɔde mmoa ne ayaresa a ɛfata ma nnipa pii a, wɔatumi atew nkɛntɛnso a saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi nya so na wɔatra ase yiye.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Executive dysfunction nyɛ ɔbrɛ anaa anigye a wonni. Ɛyɛ tebea ankasa a nsakrae a ɛba amemene no dwumadi mu na ɛde ba.
- Eyi betumi ayɛ tebea foforo a ɛda adi te sɛ ADHD, adwenemhaw, anaa amemene a asɛe ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
- Eyi ka tumi te sɛ nhyehyɛe, adwene a wɔde si biribi so, nkate a wodi so, ne ɔhaw ahorow ano aduru.
- Sɛ worehu amane wɔ saa ɔhaw ahorow yi ho a, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ neHwɛ wo duruyɛfo na ka ho asɛm.
- Wobetumi adi adwumayɛfo a wɔnyɛ adwuma yiye no ho dwuma kɛse denam nea ɛde ba no a wɔbɛsa so.
👩🏽 ⚕️ Nsɛmmisa foforo (FAQs)
💬 Propafenone (Propafenone / Rythmol) tablets yɛ aduru a tumi wom paa a wɔde sa yareɛ bɛn?
Eyi nyɛ mogya mmoroso aduru a wɔde di dwuma kwa! Ɛyɛ Class 1C Antiarrhythmic aduru a ano yɛ den a nnuruyɛfo de di dwuma de ma koma no san yɛ nea ‘ɛyɛ nea ɛfata’ bere a ɔyarefo bi atifi dan bɔ mpofirim wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so/a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm araa ma ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu (Atrial Fibrillation / PSVT)!
💬 Sɛ koma no rebɔ te sɛ ɔkraman a, wobɛyɛ dɛn ama koma no ayɛ normal denam aduru yi (Propafenone) a wode bɛma no so?
Koma no bɔ ntɛmntɛm efisɛ anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne retu mmirika wɔ koma no mu a wontumi nni so! Sɛ ɛbɛbɔ nea edi kan a, ɛsɛ sɛ ‘Sodium’ nneɛma nketenkete ba mu na ama koma no anyinam ahoɔden nkwammoaa no ahyɛ mu ma. Sɛ saa aduru yi hyɛn koma no mu a, apon a ɛma sodium kɔ mu no nyinaa siw/toto mu 100% (ɛyɛ den yiye). Esiane sɛ sodium ba mu nkakrankakra (Prolongs conduction phase 0) nti, egye bere tenten ansa na anyinam ahoɔden nkwammoaa no atumi ayɛ charge. Afei koma no ntumi mmɔ ntɛmntɛm sɛnea ɛsɛ na mpofirim ara koma no san kɔ ne nnyigyei a ɛfata mu te sɛ nea ɛyɛ nwonwa.
💬 Dɛn ne 'Black Box Warning' a ɛsɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔnom saa aduru (Rythmol) yi hu?
Ɛno ne asiane ne owu a ɛsen biara! Eyi te saa efisɛ ɛma koma no mu yɛ den, na sɛ woanya ‘koma mu yare’ pɛn (MI/Structural heart disease), bere a woanom saa aduru yi awie no, ‘koma mu nnyigyei foforo a edi awu (Proarrhythmic effect)’ betumi aba na ɔyarefo no betumi awu mpofirim/akɔ koma no mu! Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo kyerɛw eyi ma ahwɛyiye kɛse no.
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