Momma yensua pii fa ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no ho.

So woasusuw sɛnea yɛn aniwa yɛ adwuma te sɛ mfoninitwa mfiri nketewa ho pɛn? Te sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri mu no, ahwehwɛ bi a ɛho hia yiye na ɛyɛ nwonwa wɔ yɛn aniwa mu. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka aniwa ahwehwɛ, anaa sɛnea nnuruyɛfo frɛ no, ``Crystalline Lens'' ho asɛm. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, nea ɛyɛ, ɔhaw ahorow a ebetumi de aba, ne nea wobetumi ayɛ wɔ ho.

Dɛn ne aniwa a wɔde hwɛ ade? So ɛte sɛ mfoninitwa afiri a wɔde hwɛ ade?

Yiw, nokwarem no, yɛn aniwa no te sɛ aniwa a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri mu no yiye. Fa no sɛ woretwa mfonini bi a ɛyɛ fɛ. Saa bere no, mfoninitwa afiri no ahwehwɛ no boaboa hann no ano na ɛde kɔ sini no so, anaasɛ wɔ dijitaal mfoninitwa afiri fam no, ɛkɔ ne sensor no so. Saa na yɛn aniwa ahwehwɛ no yɛ adwuma.

Eyi yɛ nhyehyɛe a emu da hɔ na ɛyɛ kurukuruwa . Ɛte sɛ bɔɔl ketewaa bi a ɛda adi pefee. Ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa mu, emu dɔ kakra. Sɛ hann fa saa ahwehwɛ yi mu a, ahwehwɛ no twetwe saa hann no na ɛkotow, anaasɛ sɛ yɛbɛka no yiye a, ɛde ba baabi biako. Eyi ne sɛnea hann no twe adwene si sensor a ɛwɔ aniwa no akyi a ɛyɛ yɛn retina no so. Ɛno ne bere a yehu mfonini ahorow.

Dɛn ne adwuma titiriw a aniwa no yɛ?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, adwuma titiriw a aniwa no ani hwɛbea yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛtwe hann a ɛhyɛn aniwa no mu, de akɔ aniwa no mu, na ɛde akɔ retina, ntini bi a ɛte hann nka wɔ aniwa no akyi no so.

Nanso, ɛnyɛ ɛno nko ara. Saa ahwehwɛ yi wɔ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Ɛno ne tumi a etumi sesa ne nsusuwii . Fa no sɛ worekenkan nhoma bi wɔ w’anim, na afei mpofirim ara wohwɛ bepɔw bi a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri. Sɛ aniwa no betumi ahu eyinom abien no nyinaa yiye a, ɛsɛ sɛ aniwa no sesa ne nsusuwii. Saa ahwehwɛ yi yɛ teateaa na ɛyɛ den bere a wohwɛ no yiye, na sɛ wohwɛ akyirikyiri a, ɛyɛ teateaa na ɛyɛ den. Saa kwan yi so no, wɔahyehyɛ hann a ɛba mu no sɛ ɛbɛtɔ `(Retina)` no so pɛpɛɛpɛ. Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no adwene a wɔde si biribi so .

Saa ahwehwɛ yi ma tumi a yɛde yɛn ani hu no bɛyɛ 30%. 70% a aka no fi aniwa no fã a emu da hɔ a wɔfrɛ no cornea no mu.

Ɛhe ankasa na aniwa no mu ahwehwɛ no wɔ?

Sɛ wohwɛ w’ani wɔ ahwehwɛ mu a, wubetumi ahu kurukuruwa tuntum ketewaa bi wɔ w’ani mfinimfini, ɛnte saa? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no ``Osuani''. Ɔfã bi a ɛyɛ kɔla atwa ho ahyia, a ɛyɛ ``Iris''. Aniwa no lens no wɔ saa ``Osuani'' no akyi pɛɛ .

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, aniwa no te sɛ aniwa no ano. Iris no hwɛ hann dodow a ɛkɔ mu no so denam aniwa no a ɛma ɛyɛ kɛse anaa ketewaa no so. Hann no fa aniwa no mu na afei ehyia yɛn ɔkasafo, aniwa no ahwehwɛ no. Ahwehwɛ no gye saa hann no na ɛkyerɛ kwan kɔ retina no so. Aniwa no yɛ ade a ɛto so abien kosi nea etwa to wɔ aniwa no mu.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu? Ɛne sɛ, nneɛma bɛn na wɔde na ɛyɛe?

Wɔde aduru bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ den atwa aniwa no ho ahyia, te sɛ kotoku ketewaa bi. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ lens capsule. Wɔde nhama a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛte sɛ asaawa a ɛyɛ den na ɛsensɛn saa ahwehwɛ yi so, wɔ soro ne ase. Wɔfrɛ eyinom zonules.

Saa `(Zonules)` yi bata ɔfa a wɔfrɛ no `(Ciliary Body)` no ho. Eyi yɛ ntini a ɛwɔ `(Iris)` akyi. Ntini a ɛwɔ `(Ciliary Muscles)` mu no ne nea ɛboa ma wɔsakra ahwehwɛ no nsusuwii. Anwonwasɛm ne sɛ, sɛ saa ntini ahorow yi twetwe a, saa `(Zonules)` nhama no gye wɔn ahome. Afei ahwehwɛ no ba soro na ɛbɛyɛ kurukuruwa. Eyi ne sɛnea yɛde yɛn adwene si biribi so bere a yɛhwɛ biribi no. Adwinnade a ɛyɛ den yiye, nanso ɛyɛ fɛ yiye, ɛnte saa?

Ade bɛn na wɔde yɛ aniwa no ahwehwɛ?

Protein soronko bi na ɛyɛ aniwa no ahwehwɛ titiriw . Wɔfrɛ eyinom ``Crystallins''. Ɛno nti na ɛtɔ da bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Crystalline Lens''. Nokwarem no, aniwa ahwehwɛ no ne beae a protein dɔɔso sen biara wɔ ntini ahorow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no mu.

Saa `(Crystallins)` protein soronko yi ne nea ɛma ahwehwɛ no tumi yɛ nea ɛda adi pefee na ɛma ɛtwe adwene si biribi so . Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa ne sɛ, sɛ saa `(Crystallins)` nkwammoaa yi nyin a, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wonyin a, wonni nuklea anaa nkwammoaa mu akwaa afoforo. Wɔyera bere a wɔrenyin no. Eyi nso yɛ ade foforo nti a ahwehwɛ no mu da hɔ.

Nanso, esiane sɛ wonni nuklea nti, saa nkwammoaa yi ntumi nkyɛ bio mfa nyɛ nkwammoaa foforo. Ɛne sɛ, wɔnyɛ wɔn ho foforo te sɛ nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no. Wɔahyehyɛ nkwammoaa yi te sɛ dua dua nkaa, na wɔayɛ no biako wɔ foforo so. Wɔ yɛn nkwa nna nyinaa mu no, wɔhyehyɛ nkwammoaa foforo wɔ mprɛte yi akyi anoano. Afei nkwammoaa dedaw no boaboa ano kɔ mfinimfini. Bere kɔ so no, nkwammoaa dedaw a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no fi ase yɛ mmerɛw na ɛpaapae.

Dɛn ne tebea horow a ɛtaa ka aniwa no aniwa no?

Bere a yɛrenyin, na esiane nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia nti, titiriw owia a yɛde bɛto yɛn ho so nti, yɛn aniwa no ahwehwɛ, titiriw ``Crystallin'' nkwammoaa dedaw a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no fi ase sɛe.

• Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw: Sɛ nkwammoaa yi fi ase sɛe a, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee no so tew na ahwehwɛ no yɛ mununkum na ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi . Ɛno nti na yɛfrɛ wɔn atiridiinini a ɛfa mfe a obi adi ho no.
• Presbyopia: Afei nso, bere a yɛrenyin no, sɛnea aniwa no ahwehwɛ no tumi dannan ne ho, kyerɛ sɛ, tumi a etumi sesa ne nsusuwii no so tew. Eyi ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu nneɛma a ɛbɛn hɔ pefee. Ɛte sɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokura nhoma bi mu kɔ akyirikyiri kakra ansa na woakenkan, ɛnte saa? Ɛno nti na yɛfrɛ no presbyopia no.

Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ aniwa no anim a, sɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛbɛda no adi?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ɛkyerɛ sɛ Atiridiinini

Sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, a ɛno ne bere a w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no yɛ mununkum a, w’ani betumi ayɛ kusuu anaasɛ ayɛ sum.Ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea worehwɛ wiase no wɔ mfɛnsere a ɛho agu fĩ mu. Ɛtaa fi ase wɔ baabi biako na ɛtrɛw.

Wɔ obi a ɔhwɛ abɔnten fam fam no, ebia aniwa tuntum a ɛwɔ w’ani mfinimfini no bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ fitaa sen tuntum, anaasɛ fitaa mpo. (Ɛtɔ da bi a, esiane awosu mu nyarewa nti, wobetumi awo nkokoaa nkumaa mpo a wɔn ani ayɛ wɔn yaw. Saa na wohu.)

Presbyopia ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow

Bere a w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no ntumi nyɛ mmerɛw kɛse na ɛhwere tumi a ɛde n’adwene si biribi so no, ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubehu nneɛma abɛn . ``Presbyopia`` yɛ, sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ``Farsightedness/Hyperopia`` a ɛba bere a obi nyin.

• Ebia ebehia sɛ wokura atesɛm krataa anaa nhoma bi mu kɔ akyirikyiri kakra ansa na woakenkan.
• Anyɛ saa a, sɛ woreyɛ adwuma wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn wo anaa worekenkan ade a, w’ani betumi abrɛ na ayɛ wo yaw sen kan no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo di ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ aniwa no anim no ho dwuma?

Ayaresa ahorow wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa mfomso a ɛtaa ba wɔ refractive te sɛ presbyopia.

• Aniwa ahwehwɛ: Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara.
• Contact Lenses: Eyi yɛ ɔkwan pa a wɔn a wɔn ani nnye ahwehwɛ ho no betumi afa so.
• Aniwa mu aduru: Aniwa mu nnuru pɔtee bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa bere tiaa bi wɔ presbyopia ho.
• Oprehyɛn a wɔde siesie aniwa: Wobetumi de akwan te sɛ laser nso asiesie tebea yi.

W’ani duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛkyerɛ akwan horow yi mu akyerɛ wo na waboa wo ma woapaw nea eye ma wo. Bere a w’aniwa sakra bere kɔ so ne bere a worenyin no, wubetumi anya ayaresa ahorow so mfaso.

Aniwa a Ɛyɛ Anigye Ho Ayaresa

Ayaresa biako pɛ a etu mpɔn a wɔde sa atiridiinini ne oprehyɛn . Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a abu so yiye na edi mu. Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no yi w’aniwa a ɛyɛ mununkum no na ɔde ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ (Intraocular Lens, anaa IOL) si ananmu . Saa IOL yi ma wutumi hu ade yiye bio.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ansa na ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no, woyi abɔde mu ahwehwɛ no na wɔde IOL hyɛ mu de siesie myopia, hyperopia, anaa presbyopia. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ refractive lens exchange.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na mehwɛ me contact lenses no so?

Ɛwom sɛ yɛrentumi nsiw aniwa no aniwa no mmerɛwyɛ bi ano bere a yɛrenyin no de, nanso yebetumi abrɛ adeyɛ no ase na yɛatew ɔsɛe no so denam yɛn aniwa a yɛbɛhwɛ so yiye no so.

• Bɔ wo ho ban fi owia ho: Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛbɔ wo ho ban yiye wɔ UV ho bere a worekɔ abɔnten no.
• Kwati nneɛma a ɛde efĩ ba nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so: Kwati sigaretnom ne wusiw a wɔde di dwuma, titiriw esiane sɛ eyinom pira aniwa kɛse nti.
• Di asikreyare so: Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a, ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya atiridiinini no yɛ kɛse. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wudi wo asikreyare no so yiye.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Yɛn aniwa no yɛ ade titiriw bi a ɛho hia na ama yɛahu ade yiye. Bere kɔ so no, nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ saa ahwehwɛ yi mu no betumi ayɛ mmerɛw na wɔahwere tumi a wɔde si biribi so. Bere a worenyin no, w’ani betumi ayɛ kusuu anaasɛ ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu ade yiye.

Aniwa akwahosan ho nhwehwɛmu a woyɛ daa no boa wo ma wuhu sɛnea w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no te. Afei, sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ a, wubetumi ahu no ntɛm, ahwehwɛ ayaresa a ɛfata, na woabɔ w’anisoadehu a ɛsom bo no ho ban. Enti, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛhwɛ w’ani so!

` Crystalline Lens, Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, Presbyopia, Anisoadehu, Aniwa Akwahosan