So woate pɛn sɛ w’abusua mufo biako, ebia baanu anaa baasa, anya kokoram wɔ wɔn akyi berɛmo mu? Anaasɛ ehu ka wo kakra esiane kokoram wɔ w’abusua abakɔsɛm mu nti? Nokwarem no, wobetumi de kokoram ahorow bi afi awo ntoatoaso so akɔ awo ntoatoaso so. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka kokoram soronko bi a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu a ɛnam yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm so de ma ho asɛm. Yɛfrɛ eyi HNPCC.
Dɛn ne HNPCC?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, HNPCC (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer) yɛ kokoram bi a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu a nsakrae bi (nsakrae) a ɛba awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu a wɔde kɔ awo ntoatoaso ahorow mu na ɛde ba. Eyi yɛ kokoram a ɛba yɛn dwensɔtwaa kɛse (colon) mu.
Enti so eyi ne Lynch Syndrome yɛ pɛ?
Ebia woate Lynch Syndrome mpɛn pii sen HNPCC. Abien no wɔ abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den, nanso ɛnyɛ ade koro pɛpɛɛpɛ. Susuw ho saa kwan yi so. Lynch Syndrome yɛ awosu mu sintɔ bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛyɛ awosu mu tebea a ɛma kokoram ho asiane yɛ kɛse.
HNPCC yɛ din a wɔde frɛ tebea bi a obi a ɔwɔ Lynch Syndrome nya kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu anaa kokoram afoforo a ɛfa ho (te sɛ awotwaa anaa dwensɔtwaa mu kokoram), titiriw ansa na wadi mfe 50. HNPCC kokoram taa nya wɔ dwensɔtwaa kɛse no fã nifa.
Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a, Lynch Syndrome ne awosu mu ade a ɛde yare no ba. HNPCC ne kokoram tebea a efi saa ade no mu ba.
HNPCC abu so dɛn? Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?
HNPCC yɛ kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu a wɔbɔ ho amanneɛ wɔ wiase nyinaa no mu 2% kosi 4% . Ɛwom sɛ tebea no betumi aba wɔ mfe biara mu de, nanso wɔtaa hu wɔ nnipa a wonnii mfe 50 mu.
Ebia HNPCC rennya sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee biara wɔ ne mfiase, nanso bere a kokoram no kɔ so no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ada adi.
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ | Wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu tiawa |
|---|---|
| Yafunu mu yaw anaasɛ ne ho popo | Yafunu a ɛnyɛ dɛ bere nyinaa, ɛyaw, anaasɛ te nka sɛ ɛyɛ wo yaw. |
| Akɔnnɔ | Aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛso tew. |
| Mogya a ɛwɔ nsu mu | Mogya a ɛwɔ nsukorabea anaa nsu tuntum mu bere a worekɔ tiafi no. |
| Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka a ntease biara nnim | Ɔbrɛ a wobɛte nka araa ma wuntumi nyɛ nnwuma a ɛfata mpo. |
| Mu duru a ɛso tew a ntease biara nnim | Mu duru a ɛso tew mpofirim a wonni adidi anaa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ. |
Dɛn nti na HNPCC nya nkɔso? So ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa?
Ade titiriw nti a ɛte saa ne yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm. Susuw yɛn nipadua ho sɛ ɔdan a wɔasi sɛnea nhyehyɛe kɛse bi te. Nhoma a saa nhyehyɛe no wom ne yɛn DNA. Yɛfrɛ akwankyerɛ a ɛwɔ DNA yi mu no sɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm.
Nnipa a wɔwɔ Lynch Syndrome no wɔ sintɔ bi wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm pɔtee pii (`MLH1`, `MSH2`, `MSH6`, `PMS2` ne `EPCAM`) a esiesie mfomso ahorow a ɛwɔ DNA mu no mu. Sɛ saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, wontumi nsiesie mfomso a ɛwɔ DNA mu (`DNA replication errors`) a ɛba bere a yɛn nkwammoaa mu paapae no. Bere kɔ so no, mfomso ahorow yi boaboa ano na nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ no bɛyɛ nea ɛda adi kɛse sɛ ɛbɛyɛ kokoram nkwammoaa.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ HNPCC nyɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare ba. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛntrɛw mfi onipa biako so nkɔ foforo mu te sɛ atiridii. Nanso, wobetumi de awosu mu abɔde a ɛnteɛ a ɛde ba no afi awo ntoatoaso so akɔ awo ntoatoaso so. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ sɛ ɔwofo no mu biara wɔ Lynch Syndrome a, abofra bi wɔ hokwan 50% sɛ obenya saa awosu mu abɔde no. Sɛ wonya saa awosu mu abɔde no fi awo mu a, asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ saa abofra no benya HNPCC anaa kokoram afoforo a ɛfa ho daakye.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu eyi?
Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no, titiriw sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya kokoram wɔ akyi berɛmo mu a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
Oduruyɛfo no bedi kan ahwɛ wo. Afei, sɛ wosusuw sɛ kokoram wɔ akyi berɛmo mu a, nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ ne akyi berɛmo mu nhwehwɛmu . Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔde afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa bi fa akyi berɛmo no mu na wɔde mfoninitwa afiri di dwuma de hwehwɛ dwensɔtwaa kɛse no mu.
Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wo si so dua sɛ wowɔ HNPCC a, wo duruyɛfo no nso bɛhwehwɛ nea edidi so yi:
- Abusua kokoram ho abakɔsɛm:Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wobebisa wo sɛ ebia obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua a ɛbɛn wo te sɛ wo maame, wo papa, anaa wo nuanom anya kokoram anaa kokoram foforo a ɛfa Lynch Syndrome ho pɛn ansa na wadi mfe 50 anaa.
- Awosu mu Nhwehwɛmu: Wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi na ama woahu sɛ ebia wowɔ awosu mu nsakrae a ɛde HNPCC ba no anaa.
- Tebea afoforo a wɔpow: Te sɛ HNPCC no, kokoram foforo a wonya fi awo mu wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) . Esiane sɛ nsonsonoe wɔ abien no ntam nti, wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow nso de akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ HNPCC na ɛnyɛ FAP.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda HNPCC ne FAP ntam?
Ɛwom sɛ abien no nyinaa yɛ awosu mu tebea horow a ɛma obi nya kokoram wɔ akyi berɛmo mu de, nanso ɛsono awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛde ba no. Nsonsonoe titiriw ne polyps dodow a ɛba wɔ akyi berɛmo no mu.
| Su a ɛwɔ hɔ | HNPCC (Lynch Yare a Ɛma Nnipa Nyinaa) . | FAP |
|---|---|---|
| Polyps no kɛse | Nnuaba kakraa bi pɛ anaasɛ wonnya biara (mpɛn pii no ennu 10). | Wɔyɛ nnuaba ɔhaha pii, ebia mpempem pii. |
| Kokoram a ɔbɛyɛ | Nnyin kakraa bi betumi abɛyɛ kokoram ntɛmntɛm. | Sɛ wɔansa a, ɛyɛ 100% sɛ saa akisikuru yi mu biako bɛyɛ kokoram. |
Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa HNPCC?
Ayaresa titiriw a wɔde sa HNPCC ne oprehyɛn (colectomy) . Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔde oprehyɛn yi akyi berɛmo no fã anaa ne nyinaa fi baabi a kokoram no wɔ no. Yebetumi ayɛ eyi wɔ akwan horow so.
- Partial colectomy: Woyi akyi berɛmo no fã a kokoram no wɔ no nkutoo fi hɔ.
- Total colectomy: Woyi dwensɔtwaa kɛse no nyinaa fi hɔ.
- Protectectomy: Woyi dwensɔtwaa kɛse ne akyi berɛmo nyinaa fi hɔ.
Sɛ kokoram no atrɛw (atrɛw) akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo ayaresa afoforo aka oprehyɛn ho.
- Chemotherapy: Nnuru a wɔde sa yare a ɛsɛe kokoram nkwammoaa.
- Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayaresa: Yɛn nipadua no ankasa nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛkanyan no ma ɛko tia kokoram nkwammoaa.
Mpɛn pii no, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no betumi ayɛ nea edi mu kɛse wɔ HNPCC kokoram ho.
Dɛn ne obi a ɔwɔ HNPCC daakye?
Lynch Syndrome yɛ awosu mu yare a wontumi nsa. Ɛyɛ tebea a ɛkɔ so wɔ nkwa nna nyinaa mu. Nanso, oprehyɛn betumi asa HNPCC kokoram na asiw daakye akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ano.
Obi a ɔwɔ HNPCC no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya kokoram ahorow afoforo de aka akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ho. Ɛno nti na wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu daa no.
- Kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu
- Kokoram a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu
- Yafunu mu kokoram
- Asaabo, amemene, mmerɛbo ne honam ani kokoram
Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobehu no ntɛm . Sɛ wɔyɛ wo nhwehwɛmu wɔ bere ano a, wobetumi ahu kokoram ahorow yi mu biara ntɛm na wɔasa no yiye.
Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nnipa a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ HNPCC no mu bɛyɛ 60% tra ase mfe 5. Na nnipa a wɔwɔ dwensɔtwaa mu kokoram esiane Lynch Syndrome nti no mu 70% kosi 88% tra ase bɛboro mfe 10. Saa akontaabu ahorow yi kyerɛ sɛnea ɛho hia sɛ wohu ntɛm na wɔsa yare.
Dɛn na wobetumi ayɛ de akwati asiane yi na wɔadi ho dwuma?
Ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw awosu mu nsakrae a ɛde eyi ba no ano. Ɛyɛ biribi a yenya fi awo mu. Nanso, nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de asiw kokoram ano anaasɛ wubehu no ntɛm.
- Hu w’abusua abakɔsɛm: Sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu wɔ Lynch Syndrome anaa HNPCC a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm na bisa sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wo nso woyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu anaa.
- Fi ase yɛ nhwehwɛmu ntɛm: Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ Lynch Syndrome a, wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wubefi ase ayɛ kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu (colonoscopy) wɔ wo mfe 20 mu.
- Asetra a ahoɔden wom: Saa nneɛma yi boa kɛse ma kokoram ho asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so tew:
- Kwati sigaretnom koraa.
- To nsa a wonom ano hye.
- Di aduan a ahoɔden wom a nhabannuru ne nnuaba pii wom.
- Yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa.
- Kura wo nipadua mu duru a ɛfata mu.
- Hwɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne: Sɛ wunya sɛnkyerɛnne foforo biara a, mmu w’ani ngu so na kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- HNPCC yɛ kokoram a wonya fi awosu mu a efi awosu mu sintɔ bi a wɔfrɛ no Lynch Syndrome mu ba.
- Sɛ w’abusua no muni biako anaa nea ɛboro saa anya kokoram wɔ wɔn akyi berɛmo mu ansa na wɔadi mfe 50 a, wo ne oduruyɛfo nkasa na hwɛ sɛ wo nso worekɔ asiane mu anaa.
- Saa tebea yi nyɛ nea wɔde yare mmoawa ba, nanso hokwan 50% wɔ hɔ sɛ mmofra benya awosu mu abɔde a ɛde asiane no ba no.
- Ɛdenam nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa so no, wobetumi ahu kokoram ntɛm ara na wɔagye nnipa nkwa.
- Wobetumi de oprehyɛn ne ayaresa afoforo asa HNPCC yiye.
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