So oxygen nni wo nipadua mu? Momma yensua hypoxia ho ade.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wote nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw, wo ho yɛ wo yaw, anaasɛ w’adwene tu fra? Eyinom betumi afi hypoxia, tebea bi a wo nipadua mu ntini ahorow nnya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso. Esiane sɛ eyi betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm kakra nti, momma yɛnka ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den na ɛnyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛte ase so. Mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛma wo ho ada hɔ.

Dɛn ne hypoxia? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Okay, momma yenni kan nte nea hypoxia yɛ ase. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ bere a wo nipadua mu ntini ahorow no nnya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso no. Sɛ yɛhome a, mframa pa kɔ ahurututu mu. Efi hɔ no, ɛfa mframa kotoku nketenkete a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu (a wɔfrɛ no alveoli) mu ne mogya ntini a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye (a wɔfrɛ no capillaries) a ɛbɛn hɔ no mu. Afei mogya a oxygen pii wom yi fa nipadua no nyinaa mu na ɛde mframa pa kɔ ntini afoforo mu.

Wubetumi asusuw oxygen ho sɛ akwantufo ɔpepepem biako a wɔba wimhyɛn gyinabea (i.e., w’ahurututu). Wɔfa wɔn fi hɔ na wɔde fa ɔkwan kɛse bi so (i.e., wo mogya) kɔ baabi a wɔrekɔ (i.e., wo nipadua mu ntini ahorow). Sɛ mframa pa no du ne baabi a ɛfata a, ɛma ɔkwan ma ɔkwantufo foforo , carbon dioxide . Saa carbon dioxide yi yɛ ade a wɔsɛe no. Ɛsan kɔ w’ahurututu mu na efi wo nipadua mu bere a worehome no.

Enti, sɛ woannya oxygen a ɛdɔɔso wɔ kwan no so baabi a, hypoxia betumi aba. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ mframa ne mogya a ɛsen nyinaa . Ɛno nti na nnipa a wɔwɔ ahurututu mu yare ne komayare no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya hypoxia no. Yɛsan frɛ obi a ɔrehu amane wɔ hypoxia ho sɛ "hypoxic."

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Hypoxia ne Hypoxemia ntam?

Ebia woate saa nsɛmfua abien yi – hypoxia ne hypoxemia – a wɔde di dwuma de sesa wɔn ho wɔn ho. Nanso wɔnyɛ pɛ ankasa. Edin ahorow no di nsɛ, na ebetumi ama adwene atu afra, efisɛ tebea abien no nyinaa hwehwɛ sɛ mframa pa nnim, nanso ɛwɔ nipadua no afã horow.

• Hypoxia yɛ oxygen a ɛso tew wɔ wo nipadua mu ntini mu .
• Hypoxemia yɛ oxygen a ɛso tew wɔ wo mogya mu .

Hypoxia taa ba esiane hypoxemia nti, nanso ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na eyi te saa. Obi betumi ayɛ hypoxic a ɔnyɛ hypoxemic, na nea ɛne no bɔ abira. So wote ase?

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya hypoxia?

Tebea biara a ɛma oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so tew, anaa biribiara a ɛmma mogya nkɔ wo mogya mu no betumi ama woanya hypoxia. Titiriw no, .

• COPD (Ahurututu mu Yare a Ɛnkɔ Anim) .
• Emphysema a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew
• Akisikuru

Nnipa a wɔwɔ koma anaa ahurututu mu yare no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya hypoxia.

Afei nso, nyarewa bi te sɛ ahurututu mu yareɛ, atiridiinini, ne COVID-19 tumi ma saa asiane yi yɛ kɛseɛ.

Dɛn ne nea efi hypoxia mu ba ne ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Oxygen ho hia na ama yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa ayɛ ahoɔden na yɛn akwaa ne yɛn ntini ahorow atumi ayɛ adwuma yiye. Ɛwom sɛ ntini ahorow bi tumi yɛ nsakrae ma oxygen dodow a ɛso tew bere tiaa bi de, nanso hypoxia a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ no betumi asɛe akwaa ahorow. Amemene ne koma titiriw a ɛsɛe no yɛ nea asiane wom na ebetumi ama obi awu mpo. Yɛfrɛ eyi oxygen a enni amemene no mu amemene mu hypoxia .

Hypoxia ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Egyina sɛnea tebea no mu yɛ den, nea ɛde ba, ne nipadua no afã horow a ɛka no so. Sɛ wo oxygen dodow so tew a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wuntumi nhome anaasɛ wuntumi nsusuw nneɛma ho.

Hypoxia ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi a ɛtaa ba ni:

• Su a ɛyɛ ahomegye, a ɛnyɛ ahomegye.
• Tipaeɛ.
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa, obi a ontumi nhyehyɛ n’adwene.
• Ehu ne dadwen a ɛkɔ so daa.
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm (nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi tachycardia).
• Ɔhome a wɔhome ntɛmntɛm (wɔfrɛ eyi tachypnea).
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den anaa ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa (wɔfrɛ eyi dyspnea).

Bere a hypoxia mu yɛ den kɛse no, sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo betumi ada adi:

• Koma a ɛbɔ brɛoo (bradycardia).
• Basabasayɛ a ɛboro so.
• Honam ani, anofafa, ne nsateaa nnadewa a ɛsakra bruu (a wɔfrɛ no cyanosis). Eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ hu paa.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde hypoxia ba?

Mpɛn pii no, aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛda adi a ɛka mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu anaa ɔhome no na ɛde hypoxia ba. Tebea horow bi a ebetumi ama obi anya hypoxia no bi ne:

• Anemia - mogya a enni nipadua mu.
• Akisikuru.
• Bronchitis - Ahurututu mu ntini a ɛyɛ hyew.
• COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) - Ahurututu mu yare a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ.
• Koma mu dɛmdi a wɔde awo obi.
• Tebea ahorow bi a ɛma obi ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye (Congestive heart failure).
• Emphysema - a ɛsɛe mframa kotokuo a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu.
• Pneumonia - Ebetumi afi mmoawa anaa mmoawa mu aba.
• Mframa a ɛhyɛ baabi a atwa ahurututu no ho ahyia no ma anaasɛ ahurututu a ɛhwe ase (Pneumothorax).
• Ahurututu mu akisikuru.
• Ahurututu mu ntini a ɛma mogya tu.
• Ahurututu mu mogya mmoroso.
• Pulmonary fibrosis - a ɛyɛ akuru a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu.
• Dae mu ahomegye a ɛyɛ den.

Mma saa nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi nnyɛ wo hu. Ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ eyinom mu biako na obenya hypoxia, nanso asiane no wɔ hɔ.

Hypoxia ahorow atitiriw 4 na ɛwɔ hɔ:

Sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn ntini mu no betumi anya oxygen yiye a, ɛsɛ sɛ nneɛma pii yɛ nea ɛteɛ:

1. Ɛsɛ sɛ mframa a yɛhome no kura mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso.

2. Ahurututu mu dwumadi a ɛyɛ papa ho hia na ama oxygen akɔ yɛn mframa kotoku (`alveoli`) mu.

3. Wuhia koma ne mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu a ɛte apɔw na ama mogya a oxygen wom akɔ ntini ahorow no mu.

4. Ɛsɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛdɔɔso wɔ hɔ a ebetumi de mframa pa akɔ.

5. Ɛsɛ sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ ntini mu no tumi de oxygen di dwuma.

Oxygen a enni mmeae yi mu biara betumi ama hypoxia ahorow anan no mu biako aba.

1. Hypoxemic Hypoxia a ɛma mogya tu

Eyi ne hypoxia a ɛtaa ba . Eyi ne bere a oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu so tew (a wɔfrɛ no hypoxemia). Saa tebea yi betumi afi ahurututu ne komayare, komayare a wɔde awo obi, ne nnuru bi a ɛma ɔhome brɛoo. Afei nso, sɛ wokɔ beae a ɛkorɔn te sɛ Nuwara Eliya a, oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ mframa mu no sua, na ebetumi ama woanya hypoxemia, na ebetumi ama woanya hypoxia.

2. Hypoxia a Ɛma Nkwammoaa Mu Nkwammoaa Mu

Wɔsan frɛ eyi sɛ stagnant hypoxia anaa ischemic hypoxia. Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ ha ne sɛ ebia oxygen pii wɔ wo mogya mu, nanso sɛ wo koma ntumi nkɔ mogya mu yiye, anaasɛ mogya ntini bi siw baabi a, saa oxygen no ntumi nkɔ wo ntini mu. Koma a ɛyɛ den ne mogya a ɛtwetwe no ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya hypoxia a ɛte sɛɛ no ​​yɛ kɛse.

3. Anemic Hypoxia a ɛma mogya tu

Afei, nnipa binom ka sɛ wɔn mogya so tew, ɛnte saa? Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wonni mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛdɔɔso. Saa mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi na ɛde mframa pa fi ahurututu mu kɔ nipadua no fã a aka no. Enti, sɛ wunni mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛma woatumi de oxygen akɔ, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wowɔ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ wo mu a, hypoxia a ɛte sɛɛ ba. Sɛ nipadua no ntumi mma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛdɔɔso, anaasɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛba no asɛe a, mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua no mu betumi aba.

4. Histotoxic Hypoxia a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma

Eyi yɛ soronko kakra. Ɛha yi, w’ahurututu renya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso, na wo mogya nso renya. Nanso biribi nti, nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ ntini ahorow no mu no ntumi mfa saa mframa pa no nni dwuma yiye. Eyi te sɛ nea ebetumi asi bere a wowe awuduru te sɛ cyanide no. Ɛwom mpo sɛ nkwammoaa no renya mframa pa de, nanso wontumi mfa nni dwuma.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya hypoxia?

Wo duruyɛfo no bedi kan ahwɛ wo, atie wo koma ne w’ahurututu. Ebia wɔbɛhwɛ wo honam ani, wo nnadewa, ne w’ano nso sɛ ebia ɛyɛ bruu anaa. Nea ɛka ho no, ebia wɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo mfa nhwɛ sɛnea oxygen dodow wɔ wo mu na wɔahu nea ɛde hypoxia ba:

• Pulse Oximetry: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye a ɛnyɛ yaw. Wɔde sensor ketewaa bi atwitwa wo nsateaa so. Ɛkyerɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Ebia woahu eyi mpɛn pii.
• Arterial Blood Gas test (ABG): Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode ade a ɛyɛ tratraa bɛfa mogya kakraa bi afi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsateaa, wo nsateaa, anaa wo srɛ mu mu de ahwɛ sɛnea mframa pa a ɛwɔ wo mu no te.
• Pulmonary Function Test (PFT): Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wofa ano a wɔde abɔ afiri bi so home na wufi mu. Ɛkyerɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Mfoniniyɛ mu sɔhwɛ ahorow: Sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ X-ray, CT scan, ne V/Q scan twa wo mu akwaa ahorow ho mfonini. Eyinom betumi aboa ma wɔahu nea ɛde hypoxia ba.
• Simma Nsia Nantew Sɔhwɛ (6MWT): Saa sɔhwɛ yi susuw baabi a wubetumi anantew wɔ beae a ɛyɛ petee simma asia. Saa sɔhwɛ yi betumi ama woanya sɛnea w’ahurututu ne wo koma yɛ adwuma ho adwene.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa hypoxia?

Hypoxia ayaresa gyina nea ɛde ba no so . Ebetumi ayɛ ade a esisi pɛnkoro anaasɛ tebea a enni sabea. Ayaresa a wobetumi apaw bi ne:

• Nnuru a ebue wo mframa kwan te sɛ steroid a wɔhome de sa ayamtu anaa ahurututu mu nyarewa afoforo.
• Nnuru a ɛtew nsu a ɛboro so wɔ ahurututu mu (a wɔfrɛ no ``Diuretics'').
• CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) akataso a wɔde bedi dwuma de asa nna mu ahomegye.
• BiPAP® (BiLevel Positive Airway Pressure) (a wɔtaa frɛ no din BiPAP®) a wɔde di dwuma ma COPD ne nna mu ahomegye tebea horow bi.
• Oxygen a wɔde ka ho ma hypoxia a enni sabea. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode oxygen afiri bi bɛbata wo hwene ho, sɛ́ ebia ɛnam akataso anaa afiri bi so, na ama oxygen dodow a ɛkɔ w’ahurututu ne mframa kotoku (alveoli) mu no ayɛ kɛse.
• Wɔ hypoxia a emu yɛ den mu no, wobetumi de mfiri ayɛ mframa wɔ ayaresabea.

Mɛyɛ dɛn adi hypoxia ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma?

Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo nan so ntumi nnyina, wo koma bɔ anaa wo home ntɛmntɛm, anaasɛ wo nnadewa, w’anofafa, anaa wo honam ani yɛ bruu a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo ntɛm ara . Wunim dɛn? Hypoxia yɛ tebea a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsa ntɛm ara. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi asɛe yɛn nipadua mu akwaa ahorow a ɛho hia.

Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ te sɛ COPD mu no, ebia hypoxia yi bɛkɔ so, nanso ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no renyɛ den saa. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo sɛnea wubedi wo tebea no ho dwuma na atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ oxygen dodow a ɛba fam no so. Mmu w’ani ngu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne foforo so da. Sɛ wuhu biribi soronko bi a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya hypoxia no so?

Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya hypoxia so ne sɛ wubedi aduruyɛ mu tebea biara a ɛda adi a ebia ɛretew wo oxygen dodow so no ho dwuma yiye. Sɛ wowɔ koma anaa ahurututu mu yare a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa akwan pɔtee a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so.

Ma ɛntra w’adwenem sɛ nnuru ne tebea horow bi te sɛ akwantu a wobɛkɔ mmeae a ɛkorɔn betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya hypoxia no ayɛ kɛse. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no ahwɛyiye titiriw a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ bere a woretu kwan anaa woresakra nnuru no ho asɛm.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na me ne tebea yi tra ase?

Mpɛn pii no, hypoxia hwehwɛ sɛ wɔkɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛde ba ne sɛnea wubedi ho dwuma akɔ w’anim no mu akyerɛ wo.

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, hypoxia gyae bere a wɔasa tebea a ɛde ba no, na ɛmma enhia sɛ wɔde oxygen foforo ma no. Nanso, wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔde oxygen foforo a enni sabea siw hypoxia ano na wɔasiw ntini a ɛsɛe esiane oxygen dodow a ɛba fam nti ano. Wo duruyɛfo no bɛka akwan horow a ɛfata wo ho asɛm.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛda adi a ɛde hypoxia bae anaasɛ ɛda adi sɛ ɛde hypoxia bae a, saa tebea no a wubedi ho dwuma ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛsan aba bio no so.

• Mmu w’ani ngu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne foforo so. Sɛ wote nka sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye a, fa wo ho to wo nkate so na kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn anaa kɔ Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Nneɛma a Egye Ntɛmpɛ So (ETU) .
• Hwɛ wo ho yiye. Sɛ wowɔ ayamtu a, hwɛ nneɛma a ɛkanyan wo no yiye. Fa afiri a wɔde home a wɔde gye nkwa ka wo ho bere nyinaa, sɛ wo duruyɛfo kyerɛw ma wo a. Yɛ ahomegye apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ sɛnea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no.
• Kwati sigaretnom ne tawa ho nneɛma a wode bedi dwuma.Sɛ wonom sigaret a, sɛ wugyae a, ebetumi ama w’ahurututu no ayɛ adwuma yiye na asiw ɔsɛe foforo ano.
• Fa nnuru biara a wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw ama wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ.
• Sɛ worekɔ mmeae a ɛkorɔn a, yɛ nhyehyɛe. Nnipa a wonni aduruyɛ mu tebea biara a ɛda adi mpo betumi ayɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhome wɔ mmeae a ɛkorɔn. Te sɛnea eyi bɛka wo no ase na yɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛsakra wo ho ma ɛne nsakrae no ahyia. Afei nso, susuw nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɛ wuhia aduruyɛ mu afotu a. Ma wo ho bere a ɛdɔɔso a wode bɛyɛ wo ho sɛnea ɛte, sɛ ɛho hia a, na fa nnwinnade anaa nnuru foforo biara a ebia wubehia bra.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ Emergency Department (ETU) ?

Hypoxia yɛ tebea a ebetumi de obi nkwa ato asiane mu. Sɛ wowɔ hypoxia ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara, anaasɛ afoforo hu nsakrae mpofirim wɔ wo suban anaa w’adwene mu (adwene mu naayɛ, basabasayɛ, adwene a ɛsakra) a, kɔ Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Nneɛma a Egye Ntɛmpɛ So (ETU) ntɛm ara. Sɛ wowɔ ayaresa tebea bi a ɛkɔ so na wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a wotaa nya no mu yɛ den mpofirim, anaasɛ wunya sɛnkyerɛnne foforo a wususuw sɛ ebia ɛyɛ hypoxia a, kɔ Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Ntɛmntɛm so.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wo anaa wo dɔfo bi nya hypoxia a, nsɛm bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo ni:

• Oduruyɛfo, so hypoxia yi fi yare foforo bi a ɛhyɛ ase?
• Mɛyɛ dɛn adi me tebea no ho dwuma na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ menya hypoxia no so atew?
• So eyi asɛe m’akwaa bi, anaasɛ nsɛnnennen afoforo aba?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ nsakrae biara wɔ m’asetra kwan mu na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ menya hypoxia no so atew?
• So akwantu nhyehyɛe anaa nnuru a mɛsakra no betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ menya hypoxia no ayɛ kɛse?

Awiei koraa no, kae (Take-Home Message) .

Hypoxia yɛ tebea a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu, nanso wobetumi de aduruyɛ a wɔde ma ntɛm ara asa. Sɛ wowɔ koma anaa ahurututu mu yare bi a ɛde wo to asiane mu sɛ wubenya hypoxia a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɛ wususuw sɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mu no sua a.

Kae sɛ wunim wo nipadua yiye. Enti, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛhaw wo a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛfrɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara anaasɛ wobɛkɔ Emergency Department (ETU) a ɛbɛn wo . Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Hypoxia, oxygen, ahome a ɛyɛ den, ahurututu mu yare, komayare, sɛnkyerɛnne, ayaresa