Ebia wo duruyɛfo ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi mfa nkyerɛ sɛ woahu sɛ wowɔ bi. So woate asɛmfua "immunostaining" ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra na ɛyɛ den. Nanso nokwarem no ɛyɛ aduruyɛdan mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛkɔ akyiri yiye a ɛboa yɛn ma yehu nyarewa te sɛ kokoram ne ɔyare mmoawa ahorow pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den koraa so.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Immunostaining?
Immunostaining yɛ ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so hu protein molecule pɔtee bi a oduruyɛfo no pɛ sɛ ɔhwehwɛ wɔ protein pii a ɛwɔ wo mogya, ntini mu nhwɛsode, anaa nnompe mu ntini mu nhwɛsode mu no mu.
Fa no sɛ worekenkan nhoma bi. Wode kyerɛwdua a ɛtwe adwene si so si kasamu ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara wɔ nhoma no mu so dua sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ahu no ntɛm. Ɛno ne nea saa kwan yi yɛ. Wɔ protein mpempem pii a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua nkwammoaa mu no, saa kwan yi boa yɛn ma yehu protein pɔtee bi (yɛfrɛ saa antigens yi ) a ɛne yare pɔtee bi wɔ abusuabɔ denam “kɔla a wɔde kɔla” so.
Wɔde nneɛma titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no antibodies na ɛyɛ saa "staining" yi . Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wɔde antibody a etumi kyekyere antigen pɔtee bi nkutoo na edi dwuma. Saa nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa yi bata aduru titiriw bi a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, enzyme, fluorescent molecule, anaa sika kɔkɔɔ asinasin ho. Enti sɛ saa antibody no kyekyere antigen a yɛreka ho asɛm no a, sɛ yɛde microscope hwɛ no a, ɛdan kɔla fɛfɛ na yetumi hu no yiye.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ ɔyare ho animdefo na wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi wɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Ɛwom mpo sɛ wogye nhwɛsode bi (te sɛ mogya anaa ntini) fi wo hɔ wɔ ayaresabea de, nanso wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no wɔ aduruyɛdan mu.
Dɛn ne nhwehwɛmu ahorow atitiriw a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa?
Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ sɔhwɛ yi. Wo duruyɛfo no begyina w’ayaresa tebea so apaw ɔkwan a ɛfata sen biara. Ma yɛnhwɛ akwan titiriw no bi.
| Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sɔ hwɛ | Dɛn na eyi yɛ na dɛn na wɔde di dwuma? |
|---|---|
| Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa | Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so yɛ adwuma. Ɛha yi, wɔde ntini bi a wɔafa afi wo nsam gu ahwehwɛ a wɔde twetwe nneɛma so, de nipadua no mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛfata ka ho, na wɔde ade titiriw bi a wɔde yɛ nneɛma gu so. Afei wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu. Eyi boa kɛse wɔ kokoram ahorow ahorow a wohu mu , ntini mu yare ahorow a wɔkyekyɛ mu, ne mogya mu nyarewa ahorow mu. |
| Flow cytometry a wɔde susuw nneɛma ho | Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ nea worehwehwɛ nneɛma a wɔtɔn wɔ aguadidan kɛse bi mu. Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, wɔde wo nkwammoaa no fa laser hann mu, mmiako mmiako, de nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow di dwuma. Afei afiri no tumi kan nkwammoaa no, hyehyɛ mu, na ɛtetew mu. Wɔde eyi di dwuma de hu kokoram te sɛ mogya mu kokoram ne lymphoma, nyarewa ahorow a ɛde ɔyare ba, ne nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa . |
| Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa ne ɛlɛtrɔnik afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete (EM immunolabeling) . | Eyi ma wotumi hwɛ nhwɛsode bi wɔ kɛseyɛ a ɛkorɔn yiye mu, wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so. Ɛha yi, sika kɔkɔɔ nketenkete a ɛte sɛ colloidal no bata nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa ho. Sɛ wɔde ɛlɛtrɔnik afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ a, wotumi hu saa sika kɔkɔɔ nketenkete yi pefee sɛ nsensanee tuntum. Enti, sɛ antibody bi bata antigen bi ho pɛ a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobehu. Wɔde saa kwan yi nso di dwuma de hu mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba na wɔhwehwɛ mmeae a mmoawa a wɔko tia nyarewa no wɔ wɔ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban mu. |
Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie me ho ma sɔhwɛ yi?
Mpɛn pii no, enhia sɛ wusiesie biribi titiriw biara ma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ho nhwehwɛmu.
Nanso, ansa na wobɛfa mogya bi (i.e., wobɛfa mogya anaa ntini bi te sɛ biopsy) no, wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo akwankyerɛ a emu da hɔ wɔ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔreyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a, ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ nnidi anaa nnom biribiara ansa na wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn no. Ɛho hia sɛ wudi saa akwankyerɛ ahorow no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Bere tenten ahe na sɔhwɛ no gye? Bere bɛn na wobenya nea ebefi mu aba?
Bere a egye ansa na eyi asi no gu ahorow gyina ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no so.
- Akwan bi betumi ama aba wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu .
- Akwan afoforo bi betumi agye nnafua 10 .
Da a wɔbɛfa wo nhwɛsode no, oduruyɛfo no anaa adwumayɛfo no mu biako bɛma wo bere tenten a ebegye ansa na woanya nea efi mu ba no ho adwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, enti mma ɛnhaw wo wɔ saa asɛm no ho.
Dɛn na nea efi mu ba no ka?
Nyarewa ho ɔbenfo a ɔwɔ aduruyɛdan no mu no bɛhwehwɛ wo nhwɛsode no mu na ɔde nea wɔahu no ho amanneɛbɔ a edi mũ akɔma oduruyɛfo a ɔresa wo yare no. Afei wo duruyɛfo no de nea wɔahu wɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu no bɛbata wo tebea no ho na ɔde nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den akyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo.
Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, dɛn na ɛba akyi?
Sɛ nhwehwɛmu no si so dua sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea ebefi mu aba no mu nyinaa akyerɛ wo na wasusuw ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho.
Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, nnuruyɛfo kuw bi a wofi mmeae ahorow betumi ahyiam asusuw ayaresa nhyehyɛe a eye sen biara ho. Obiara botae ne sɛ ɔbɛma wo ayaresa a eye sen biara. Enti, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen biara a ebia wowɔ ho.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Immunostaining yɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu a wɔde nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa di dwuma de hu nyarewa te sɛ kokoram ne ɔyare mmoawa pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Nhwehwɛmu yi ahorow wɔ hɔ, na wo duruyɛfo no begyina w’ayaresa tebea so apaw ɔkwan a ɛfata sen biara.
- Wo duruyɛfo bɛbɔ wo amanneɛ wɔ akwankyerɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ wudi akyi ansa na ɔde nhwɛsode bi ama wo de ayɛ nhwehwɛmu.
- Bere a egye na wo nsa aka nhwehwɛmu no mu aba no betumi ayɛ soronko, na sɛ wonya nea efi mu ba no wie a, wo duruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo na wasusuw anammɔn a edi hɔ ho, sɛ ɛho hia a.
- Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw nsɛmmisa biara a wowɔ fa wo nhwehwɛmu aba anaa w’ayaresa tebea ho pefee.
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