Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ́ wobɛma adaeso a ɛne sɛ wobɛwo abofra no abam no betumi ayɛ asɛnnennen kɛse, ɛnte saa? Eyi yɛ asɛmti a ɛyɛ nkate kɛse, titiriw ma awarefo a wɔrepere mma a wonni ho haw no. Enti ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka ɔkwan titiriw bi a wɔfa so sa yare wɔ nnɛyi nnuruyɛ mu a ebetumi aboa wɔ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛtete saa mu ho asɛm. Ɛno ne ICSI, anaasɛ Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection . Ɛwom sɛ saa din yi yɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra de, nanso momma yɛnte ase wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so.
Dɛn ne ICSI? Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda IVF ne ICSI ntam?
ICSI yɛ ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so sa awo a wontumi nwo. Sɛ yɛbɛka no katee a, ɛyɛ In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) no fã .
Fa no sɛ, wɔ IVF kwan a wɔtaa yɛ mu no, wɔfa ɔbea bi nkesua wɔ aduruyɛdan mu na wɔde ɔbarima mmadwoa mpempem pii twa ho hyia. Afei, saa mmadwoa no biako ankasa tow nkesua no mu na ɛtwɛn ma nyinsɛn no ba. Ɛte sɛ nea woadi nkonim wɔ mmirikatu bi mu. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, mmadwoa biako mpo ntumi nkɔ nkesua no mu. Afei fertilization no nsi.
Nanso ICSI nti, yennyaw eyi mma nea ɛbae ara kwa. Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ ha ne sɛ, sɛ yɛde nnwinnade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye di dwuma wɔ aduruyɛdan mu a, yɛpaw mmadwoa a eye sen biara na ɛwɔ apɔwmuden sen biara na yɛde gu nkesua no mu tẽẽ . Ɛne sɛ, yɛboa mmadwoa no ma ɛkɔ nkesua no mu, sen sɛ yɛbɛma n’ankasa apere.
Wɔfrɛ nkesua a wɔahyɛ no ma no sɛ nkwaboaa . Afei wɔde saa awotwaa yi hyɛ ɛna no awotwaa mu. Sɛ awotwaa no bata awotwaa no fasu ho a, nyinsɛn ba. Wɔfrɛ saa ɔkwan yi Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) .
Hena na ɛda adi sɛ obehia ICSI ayaresa kɛse?
ICSI ho wɔ mfaso titiriw ma mmarima a wɔwɔ mmarima awo a wontumi nwo ho haw. Wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ saa ayaresa yi ho nyansa sɛ ɔbarima no wɔ tebea horow a edidi so yi mu biara a:
| Gyinabea | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Anejaculation a wɔde ma | Sɛ wontumi nnya mmadwoa. |
| Nkwaboaa ntini a ɛsiw | Ebia akwanside bi wɔ ntini a mmadwoa fa mu no mu. |
| Nkwaboaa dodow a ɛba fam | Nkwaboaa dodow a ɛba fam koraa wɔ mmadwoa mu. |
| Nkwaboaa a ɛnyɛ papa | Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa mmadwoa nsusuwii ne sɛnea ɛkeka ne ho ho. |
| Retrograde ejaculation a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew | Nkwaboaa mfi adi na ɛsan sen kɔ akisikuru no mu. |
Bio nso, ebia ICSI ho behia esiane nneɛma afoforo nti:
- Sɛ IVF ayaresa a wɔadi kan ayɛ daa no adi nkonim na awotwaa biara nnyae a.
- Sɛ ɔbea a ɔde nkesua no rema no adi boro mfe 35 a .
- Sɛ wɔde nkesua anaa mmadwoa a wɔadi kan ayɛ nwini (a wɔakora so) di dwuma de sa yare a.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na ICSI nhyehyɛe no kɔ so?
Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so wɔ anammɔn pii mu. Momma yɛnhwɛ saa anammɔn ahorow no nnidiso nnidiso.
1. Nkwaa ne mmadwoa a wɔboaboa ano
Nkwaa a Wɔgye:
- Ovulation induction: Nea edi kan no, wɔma ɔbea a ɔde nkesua no ma no da biara da bɛyɛ nnafua 8 kosi 14. Eyi kanyan mmadwoa no na ɛma nkesua pii nyin prɛko pɛ.
- Nkwaa a wogye: Afei, wɔde aduru a emu nyɛ duru a ɛma obi dwensɔ ma, wɔde ade a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye fa ɔbea no awotwaa no mu, na wɔde ahwɛyiye yi nkesua a ɛho akokwaw no fi awotwaa no mu denam transvaginal ultrasound scan akwankyerɛ ase. Eyi nyɛ yaw.
Nkwaboaa a Wɔboaboa Ano:
- Wɔtaa boaboa mmadwoa ano da koro no ara a wɔboaboa nkesua ano no.
- Ɛsɛ sɛ ɔbarima a ɔde ma no kwati nna mu kyɛfa anaasɛ ɔde ne ho hyɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu nnansa kosi nnansa.
- Afei, ɛsɛ sɛ woboaboa mmadwoa ano denam wo ho a wode bɛhyɛ mu so gu ade titiriw bi a wɔde ama wɔ ayaresabea hɔ mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde saa nhwɛsode yi kɔ aduruyɛdan mu wɔ dɔnhwerew biako ntam.
- Wɔ nnipa binom fam (e.g., wɔn a wɔntwe mma noWɔ azoospermia , nsɛm mu no, akwan titiriw afoforo a wɔfa so nya mmadwoa (e.g. microscopic testicular sperm extraction ) betumi ayɛ nea ɛho hia.
2. ICSI nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ aduruyɛdan mu
Mprempren ne bere a ɛho hia sen biara. Wɔ aduruyɛdan mu no, nnuruyɛfo atitiriw yɛ nea edidi so yi:
1. Wɔde ahwehwɛ pipette a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye fa ɛmo a ɛho akokwaw brɛoo .
2. Afei, sɛ wohwɛ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu a, wɔpaw mmadwoa a eye sen biara na wɔde ade a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye kyere.
3. Afei wɔde ahwɛyiye de ade no hyɛ nkesua no mu na wɔde mmadwoa no gu nkesua no cytoplasm mu.
4. Afei ɔsɔfo no yi afiri no.
3. Nkwaboaa nyin ne nea wɔde hyɛ awotwaa mu (Embryo Transfer) .
Wɔ ICSI akyi no, wogyaw nkesua a wɔahyɛ no ma, anaa awotwaa , no ma enyin wɔ aduruyɛdan mu bɛyɛ nnafua 5 kosi 6. Saa bere yi mu no, ɛkyekyɛ mu yɛ no nkwammoaa na edu baabi a wɔfrɛ no blastocyst .
Afei, wɔde nkwaboaa anaa nkwaboaa a ɛyɛ papa sen biara no fa afiri soronko bi (catheter) mu kɔ ɛna no awotwaa mu . Eyi nhia sɛ wɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ. Sɛ saa awotwaa yi bata awotwaa no fasu ho (a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu) a, nyinsɛn no di yiye. Oduruyɛfo no tu fo sɛ wɔnhwehwɛ nyinsɛn mu bɛyɛ adapɛn abien wɔ ayaresa no akyi.
Mfaso ne asiane bɛn na ɛwɔ ICSI ayaresa so?
Mfaso kɛse a ɛwɔ ICSI ayaresa so ne sɛ ɛma hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ awarefo a mmarima a wontumi nwo no benya abofra no yɛ kɛse kɛse. Ɛda adi sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye sen IVF a wɔde di dwuma daa.
Nanso, sɛnea ɛte wɔ aduruyɛ biara mu no, asiane ahorow wɔ mu, na ɛho hia sɛ wuhu.
- Ebia nkesua bi bɛsɛe bere a wɔde ade a wɔde tow nkesua mu no.
- Sɛ wɔde mmadwoa hyɛ mu mpo a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebia ɛwo no rentumi nwo.
- Ebia awotwaa a efi mu ba no begyae nkɔso bere a wɔde ahyɛ aduruyɛdan mu anaa awotwaa mu awie no.
Asiane ahorow a ebetumi aba abofra no so:
Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi ada no adi sɛ mmofra a wɔwo wɔn a wɔwɔ ICSI no wɔ asiane a ɛkɔ soro kakra sɛ wobenya tebea horow bi a wonya fi awo mu . Nanso, aduruyɛ ho abenfo gye di sɛ asiane yi mfi ayaresa no ankasa, na mmom nea ɛde awo a wontumi nwo ba no. Asiane ahorow yi bi ne tebea horow te sɛ Angelman yare, autism, ne Beckwith-Wiedemann yare . Nanso, asiane yi sua koraa. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka eyi ho asɛm.
Hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛwo mmanoma:
Nea ɛbɛyɛ na hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenyinsɛn no ayɛ kɛse no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde nkwaboaa bɛboro biako (e.g. abien) hyɛ awotwaa no mu. Wɔ eyi mu no, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya mmanoma anaa mma abiɛsa no yɛ kɛse.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?
Sɛ woyɛ ayaresa wie a, sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara :
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ɔyare mmoawa , te sɛ atiridiinini kɛse ne nsu a ɛyɛ huam a efi ɔbea no awotwaa mu.
- Nyinsɛn a ɛwɔ awotwaa no akyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne (yafunu mu yaw a emu yɛ den wɔ ɔfã biako, ɔtotɔ piti).
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nyinsɛn gu (mogya a ɛtɔ kɛse, yafunu mu yaw).
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi awo ntɛm .
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- ICSI yɛ ayaresa kwan a edi mu yiye, titiriw wɔ mmarima a wontumi nwo ho.
- Ɛha no, wɔboa nyinsɛn no denam mmadwoa a eye sen biara a wɔpaw na wɔde gu nkesua no mu tẽẽ no so.
- Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ den a anammɔn pii na ɛwom, a nea ɛka ho ne nkesua ne mmadwoa a wogye, aduruyɛdan a wɔyɛ ho adwuma, ne nkwaboaa a wɔde kɔ baabi foforo.
- Sɛnea ɛte wɔ aduruyɛ nyinaa ho no, asiane ahorow wɔ mu. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw eyinom nyinaa ho ansa na woafi ayaresa ase.
- Eyi betumi ayɛ anidaso foforo ama mo a mohwɛ abofra kwan no. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wofa saa akwantu yi ase wɔ aduruyɛ mu afotu ne akwankyerɛ a ɛteɛ ase.
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