So wo nso wowɔ saa ‘Iodine Deficiency’ yi? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm!

Wunim sɛ yɛn nipadua hia aduannuru ahorow na ama ayɛ adwuma yiye, ɛnte saa? Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ te sɛ vitamin ne minerals. Eyinom bi na yɛka ho asɛm bere nyinaa, nanso ebi wɔ hɔ a yennwen ho pii. Nanso sɛ ɛyɛ ade ketewaa mpo a, ebetumi ayɛ biribi a ɛho nhia ma nipadua no. Saa ara nso na biribi a ɛho hia yɛn nipadua yiye, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a yebetumi ayera, ne iodine . Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka ɔhaw ahorow a ebetumi aba sɛ wɔamfa saa iodine yi amma nipadua no yiye, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ ‘iodine a enni nipadua no mu’ ba a.

Dɛn ne iodine a wonnya nni? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, iodine a enni nipadua mu ne bere a wo thyroid ntini no nnya iodine a ɛdɔɔso na ama ayɛ adwuma yiye. Seesei ebia woresusuw nea thyroid ntini no yɛ ho.

Eyi yɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntontom a ɛwɔ yɛn kɔn anim. Ɛte sɛ engine ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛyɛ yɛn endocrine system , a ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛma hormone ahorow no fã. Thyroid ntini no na ɛyɛ thyroid hormone ahorow . Afei saa nkwaadɔm yi hyɛn mogya mu na etu kwan fa nipadua no nyinaa mu kɔyɛ nnwuma a ɛho hia.

Susuw ho hwɛ, saa thyroid hormone ahorow yi na ɛboa yɛn nipadua ma ɛde ahoɔden di dwuma, ɛma nipadua no hyew kɔ so yɛ hyew, na ɛboa ma akwaa afoforo yɛ adwuma yiye. Titiriw wɔ nyinsɛn mu , saa thyroid hormone ahorow yi ho hia ma akokoaa no nnompe ne n’amemene nyin. Enti, sɛ iodine nni hɔ a, wɔnyɛ thyroid hormone ahorow no yiye. Ɛno na ɔhaw ahorow no fi ase.

Enti, dɛn ne iodine yi? Ɛhe na yenya fi?

Iodine yɛ ade a ɛwɔ abɔde mu a ɛwɔ asase mu. Yɛn nipadua no ankasa ntumi nyɛ iodine. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ yenya fi nnuan a yedi na yɛnom no mu. Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so anya iodine:

• Nnuan bi fi awosu mu wɔ iodine: Iodine wɔ po mu nsu mu, enti ɛpo mu nnua, mpataa, ne ɛpo mu nnuan nyinaa wɔ iodine pii. Nufusu ne nnuan afoforo bi nso wɔ iodine a wɔde ka ho.
• Wɔde iodine aka pon so nkyene ho: Bere bi a atwam no, na iodine a wonnya nyɛ ɔhaw kɛse wɔ Sri Lanka ne aman afoforo pii mu wɔ wiase nyinaa. Sɛ́ eyi ano aduru no, wɔde iodine guu pon so nkyene mu. Ne saa nti, iodine a na wonnya no so tew kɛse.
• Wobetumi anom sɛ aduannuru: Vitamin ahorow bi, titiriw nea wɔde ma ɛnanom a wɔyem (‘Prenatal vitamins’), wɔ iodine.

Hena na ɛda adi sɛ iodine a enni nipadua mu no bɛka no kɛse?

Wɔ Sri Lanka no, tebea yi ho yɛ na koraa efisɛ mprempren nnipa dodow no ara de nkyene a wɔde iod ayɛ di dwuma. Nanso, wɔ wiase mmeae bi, titiriw wɔ mmeae a mmepɔw wɔ akyirikyiri fi po no, nkurɔfo wɔ saa ɔhaw yi. Efisɛ nea atwa wɔn ho ahyia ne wɔn asase mu no, iodine sua. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu:

• Nnipa a wɔde nkyene a ɛnyɛ iodized di dwuma:Wɔka sɛ wiase nnipa bɛboro 10% nnya nkyene a wɔde iod afra mu.
• Nnipa a wɔte mmeae a ɛkorɔn, a ɛne po ntam kwan ware: Esiane sɛ wɔn abɔde mu nneɛma a atwa wɔn ho ahyia no nni iodine pii nti, wonya iodine kakraa bi nso fi aduan ne anonne mu.
• Nnipa a wonni mpataa anaa nufusu (sɛ nhwɛso no, vegans): Efisɛ ɛpo mu nnuan ne nufusu yɛ nnuan a iodine pii wom.
• Mmea a wɔyem: Ɔbea a onyinsɛn hia iodine bɛyɛ 50% sen onipa a ɔte saa. Eyi te saa efisɛ ɛsɛ sɛ odi akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no ahiade nso ho dwuma.

Nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba esiane iodine a enni nipadua mu nti?

Sɛ woannya iodine a ɛdɔɔso a, wo nipadua no rentumi nyɛ thyroid hormone ahorow yiye. Eyi betumi de ɔhaw ahorow aba. Eyi betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm titiriw wɔ nyinsɛn mu.

Nneɛma a ebetumi asi esiane iodine a enni nipadua mu wɔ nyinsɛn mu nti:

• Nyinsɛn a wotu gu.
• Awo a wɔawuwu.
• Awo mu dɛmdi ahorow.
• Onyin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Adwene mu dɛmdi ahorow.
• Nkɔso a ɛkyɛ.

Ɛwom sɛ ɛntaa nsi koraa de, nanso iodine a enni nipadua no mu kɛse bere a wɔyem no betumi de tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘cretinism’ aba . Wɔsan frɛ eyi ‘congenital iodine deficiency syndrome’ . Nkokoaa a wɔwo wɔn a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi betumi anya nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den. Nhwɛsoɔ:

* Nipadua ne adwene mu nkɔso a ɛkyɛ kɛse.

* Asotifo-mutism .

* Ntini a ɛyɛ den dodo (Spasticity) .

* Ne tenten yɛ tiaa.

Eyi nti na wɔka sɛ ɛhwɛ yiye titiriw wɔ iodine ho bere a wɔyem no.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi nni iodine? Yɛyɛ dɛn hu no?

Akwan titiriw biako a wɔfa so hu sɛ ebia iodine nni hɔ anaa ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ nsakrae a ɛba thyroid ntini no mu.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ iodine nnim no mu biako ne thyroid ntini a ayɛ kɛse . Wɔfrɛ eyi ‘goiter’ . Saa ntrɛwmu yi ba bere a thyroid gland no reyɛ adwumaden dodo sɛ ɛbɛma thyroid hormone ahorow a nipadua no hia no. Sɛ wowɔ goiter a, wubetumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ:

• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.

Iodine a wonni ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘Hypothyroidism’ . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nipadua no mu iodine dodow sua na thyroid ntini no ntumi nyɛ thyroid hormone a ɛdɔɔso. Wɔsan frɛ eyi sɛ "underactive thyroid". Eyi betumi ama woNneɛma a ɛsakra brɛoo, na ɛma ɔbrɛ, ne mu duru yɛ kɛse, na ontumi nnyina awɔw ano.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo bi:

• Awo a wontumi nwo.
• Wora no te sɛ nea ahonhon.
• Ɛnne a ɛyɛ den.
• Kesereneeyɛ.
• Wora a ɛyɛ nwunu na ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Nwi a ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw na ayɛ teateaa.

Dɛn nti na iodine a enni nipadua no mu yi ba?

Nea enti titiriw ne sɛ yennya iodine a ɛdɔɔso mfi aduan a yedi mu. Ɛwom sɛ mprempren eyi so retew wɔ aman te sɛ Sri Lanka mu de, nanso ɛda so ara yɛ ɔhaw a abu so wɔ wiase aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso pii mu. Titiriw wɔ mmeae a mmepɔw wɔ no, nnipa a wɔte akyirikyiri wɔ po mu no nni iodine a efi po mu nnuan ne nufusu mu nneɛma mu pii. Afei nso, wɔ aman bi mu no, wɔmfa iodine nka nkyene mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ iodine nni obi?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo besusuw sɛ eyi bere a wohu sɛ thyroid gland (goiter) ayɛ kɛse no. Sɛ saa a, wobetumi akra sɛ wɔnyɛ thyroid ultrasound anaa thyroid scan de hwɛ sɛnea thyroid gland no kɛse te ne nneɛma foforo biara a ɛnteɛ.

Nea ɛka ho no, oduruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ thyroid mogya mu nhwehwɛmu nso de ahwɛ sɛnea wo thyroid hormone dodow te . Sɛ wo thyroid hormone dodow sua anaasɛ wo thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) dodow dɔɔso a, ebetumi ayɛ iodine a enni mu.

Ɛyɛ adwene pa sɛ wɔde mogya mu nhwehwɛmu bɛyɛ akokoaa biara a wɔawo no foforo no mu nhwehwɛmu sɛ ebia ɔwɔ hypothyroidism anaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa eyi?

Wɔde nnuru a wɔde ka iodine ho sa iodine a enni nipadua no mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi akyerɛw nnuru a ɛma obi nya thyroid hormone nso.

Sɛ wɔwo wo ba a iodine nnim a, wobetumi de thyroid hormone a wɔde ma no ayɛ no yare. Ɛdenam sɛnea tebea no mu yɛ den so no, ebia ebehia sɛ wonom thyroid hormone wo nkwa nna nyinaa.

Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn atumi abɔ yɛn ho ban afi iodine a yenni ho? Dɛn ne akwan a wɔfa so siw ano?

Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so abɔ wo ho ban afi iodine a wunni ho ne sɛ wode nnuan a iodine wom bɛka w’aduan a wubedi da biara da ho. Nnuan a iodine wom no bi ne:

• Mpataa ahorow bi (e.g., kelawallala, balaya).
• Shrimp, ɛpo mu nnua ne ɛpo mu nnuan afoforo.
• Nufusu mu nnuan (e.g. nufusu, yogurt, kyiisi).

Afei nso, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wode nkyene a wɔde iod ayɛ di dwuma . Sɛ wonoa aduan a, sɛ wode nkyene ka aduan ho a, kae sɛ wode nkyene a wɔde iod afra mu bedi dwuma.

Mpɛn pii no, yɛmfa nkyene a iodized wom nni dwuma wɔ nnuan a wɔayɛ ne nnuan a wɔde ahyɛ toa mu a yɛtɔ fi sotɔɔ mu no mu. Wɔde nkyene a wɔde di dwuma daa di dwuma mmom. Ɛno nti na yennya iodine mfi wɔn hɔ no. Afei nso, nkyene ahorow afoforo te sɛ ɛpo mu nkyene, kosher nkyene, ne Himalaya nkyene nso nni iodine.

Iodine dodow a wuhia da biara no gu ahorow sɛnea mfe a woadi te. Ɔpanyin hia iodine bɛyɛ microgram 150 da biara. Sɛ wonyinsɛn anaa worenom nufu a, ɛsɛ sɛ wonom vitamin a wɔde di awo ansa na woawo a iodine microgram 250 wom da biara. Ɛnyɛ vitamin a wɔde ma ansa na wɔawo no nyinaa na iodine na ɛwom, enti hwɛ nea wɔakyerɛw wɔ toa no so. Sɛ ɛho hia a, bisa wo duruyɛfo no sɛnea wobɛnom iodine aduru a ɛyɛ soronko.

Sɛ wo ho nni iodine a, dɛn na wobɛhwɛ kwan?

Sɛ wufi ase nya iodine fi aduan anaa nnuru a wɔde ka ho mu pɛ a, wubetumi atew nkɛntɛnso a iodine a wunni de ba no so. Nanso, sɛ wɔanhu eyi ntɛm a, ebetumi de ɔhaw kɛse aba. Titiriw wɔ nyinsɛn mu no, iodine a enni nipadua mu no betumi ama awo mu dɛmdi a ɛtra hɔ daa. Enti, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na saa nsunsuanso ahorow yi ansɛe no, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wunya iodine a ɛdɔɔso fi aduan anaa nnuru a wɔde ka aduan ho mu.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, iodine yɛ aduannuru a ɛho hia ma yɛn nipadua, titiriw de yɛ thyroid hormone. Sɛ woanyinsɛn anaasɛ worenom nufu a, iodine ho hia yiye. Ɛwom sɛ mprempren iodine a enni nipadua mu no ntaa mma wɔ Sri Lanka de, nanso ebetumi de nsɛnnennen ahorow aba, efi nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra so kosi awo mu dɛmdi so.

Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wudi nnuan a iodine wom na wode nkyene a iodine wom di dwuma . Sɛ woanyinsɛn a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛnom vitamin anaa iodine a wɔde ma ansa na woawo sɛnea wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo no.

Mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi ho bɛba wo mfaso. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Iodine, iodine a enni nipadua mu, thyroid, goiter, nyinsɛn, mmofra akwahosan, aduan pa