So worenom nnuru a wɔde sa asikreyare? Anaasɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ asikreyare? Afei ɛbɛyɛ sɛ woate sɔhwɛ a wɔfrɛ no ‘A1C’ no ho asɛm. Nnuruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo bere nyinaa sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi, ɛnte saa? Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wuhu gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ yi mu a, ehu ka wo kakra. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka asɛm tiawa na adamfofa kwan so afa nea saa A1C yi yɛ, nea ɛsusuw ankasa, ne sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ yɛte nea efi mu ba no ase.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne A1C sɔhwɛ?
A1C nhwehwɛmu yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea wo mogya mu glucose dodow wɔ asram abiɛsa a atwam no mu. Wɔde nea efi mu ba no ama sɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 100. Dodow a ɔha biara mu nkyem 100 no kɔ soro no, dodow no ara na asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no kɔ soro.
Susuw ho saa kwan yi so. Sɛ wode glucometer hwɛ wo mogya mu asikre wɔ fie a, wo mogya mu asikre dodow ho mfonini ara kwa saa bere no. Ɛte sɛ mmirikatu dodow a wɔbɔ wɔ bɔɔl biako mu wɔ kriket akansi mu. Nanso A1C sɔhwɛ no nte saa. Ɛte sɛ batting average a batsman bi wɔ wɔ akansi mũ bi mu. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ yebetumi ahu mfonini kɛse no, ɛnyɛ da koro pɛ, na mmom asram abiɛsa .
Wɔde din afoforo pii frɛ sɔhwɛ yi. Ebia w’amanneɛbɔ no nso bɛkyerɛw sɛ:
- Hemoglobin A1C a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
- HbA1c
- Hemoglobin a wɔde glycae ayɛ
- Glycohemoglobin nhwehwɛmu
Dɛn nti na yɛyɛ saa A1C sɔhwɛ yi?
Nnuruyɛfo de sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma esiane nneɛma atitiriw pii nti.
- Hu ansa na asikreyare aba: Eyi boa wo ma wudi kan hu sɛ ebia asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya asikreyare anaa.
- Hu Asikreyare a Ɛto so Abien: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw a wɔde hu sɛ ebia obi a ɔwɔ asikreyare ho sɛnkyerɛnne no wɔ asikreyare anaa.
- Hwɛ sɛnea wɔredi wo asikreyare so: Sɛ wɔresa asikreyare (Type 1 anaa Type 2) wo yare dedaw a, eyi betumi aboa wo ma woahu sɛnea w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe (nnuru, aduan, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ) reyɛ adwuma yiye. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo betumi agyina wo A1C bo so asi gyinae sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nsakrae biara wɔ w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe no mu anaa.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobu A1C ho akontaa? Momma yɛnhwɛ no wɔ nyansahu kwan so kakra.
Sɛ yɛbɛte eyi ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ yedi kan hu mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no ho asɛm kakra.
Protein bi a wɔfrɛ no hemoglobin wɔ yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu . Fa no sɛ bɔs a ɛde mframa pa kɔ yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu. Afei, glucose (asikre) a efi aduan a yedi mu no ka yɛn mogya ho. Saa glucose a ɛwɔ mogya no mu yi bata hemoglobin bɔs no ho. Yɛfrɛ saa adeyɛ yi glycation.A.
Bere a asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu kɔ soro no, asikre dodow a ɛbata hemoglobin ho no nso kɔ soro. Nea ɛho hia no, asikre a wɔakyekyere yi tra hɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no nkwa nna nyinaa (a ɛyɛ nnafua 90, anaa bɛyɛ asram 3).
Enti nea A1C sɔhwɛ no yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛsusuw hemoglobin nyinaa mu ɔha biara mu nkyem ahe na ɛyɛ saa hemoglobin protein a asikre akyekyere no. Ɛno nti na yebetumi anya asram 3 average afi eyi mu.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, A1C susuw "dwo" a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu asikre mu wɔ asram 3 a atwam no mu.
So ahosiesie bi wɔ hɔ a ehia ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ yi?
Dabi, eyi ne sɔhwɛ yi mu ade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara. Ɛho nhia sɛ wudi mmuada nnɔnhwerew pii ansa na woayɛ A1C sɔhwɛ no. Wubetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ yi bere biara wɔ da no mu.
Akwan abien a wɔfa so yɛ sɔhwɛ no
Akwan titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ A1C sɔhwɛ no. Wo duruyɛfo no begyina w’ahiade so akyerɛ ɔkwan a ɛfata sen biara.
| Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sɔ hwɛ | Sɛnea ɛba ne nsɛm |
|---|---|
| 1. Ntini mu Mogya mu Nhwehwɛmu | Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so na ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sen biara . Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, obi a wɔatete no (phlebotomist) de ade ketewaa bi hyɛ ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa a ɛbɛn wo nsateaa mu mu na ɔtwe mogya kakraa bi kɔ afiri bi mu. Afei wɔde mogya no kɔ adwumayɛbea bi a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu. Wɔtaa de saa kwan yi di dwuma de hu yare bi. |
| 2. Nsateaa a Wɔde Bɔ Sɔhwɛ | Ɛha no, wɔde ade ketewaa bi a wɔfrɛ no lancet di dwuma de twitwa wo nsateaa ano na wonya mogya bi. Wobetumi ahu nea afi mu aba wɔ simma kakraa bi mu. Nanso, saa kwan yi mfata koraa sɛ wɔde hwehwɛ nyarewa . Wɔtaa de di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea wɔresa obi a ɔwɔ asikreyare dedaw no yare ntɛm ara. |
Dɛn na wo A1C amanneɛbɔ no kyerɛ?
Okay, afei yɛaba ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara no so. Dɛn na ɔha biara mu nkyem a ɛwɔ w’amanneɛbɔ no mu no kyerɛ?
Sɛ wɔrehu yare bi a, wɔtaa kyekyɛ A1C gyinapɛn ahorow mu sɛnea edidi so yi:
| A1C bo (ɔha biara mu nkyem) . | Kyerɛ |
|---|---|
| Ennu 5.7% . | Wunni asikreyare. (Akwahosan gyinabea) . |
| Ɛwɔ 5.7% ne 6.4% ntam . | Asikreyare a edi kan . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya asikreyare. Wubetumi atew asiane yi so denam asetra mu nsakrae a wobɛyɛ so. |
| 6.5% anaa nea ɛboro saa | Wɔtaa hu sɛ eyi yɛ asikreyare . Oduruyɛfo no betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de si eyi so dua. |
Dɛn ne obi a ɔwɔ asikreyare botae?
Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare dedaw a, wo A1C botae no begyina mfe a woadi, w’akwahosan, ne nneɛma afoforo so. Worentumi mfa saa botae no nsi w’ankasa wo ho. Ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa na ama woahu botae a ɛfata ma wo.
Nanso, mpɛn pii no, afotu a wɔde ma mpanyimfo dodow no ara a wɔwɔ asikreyare ne sɛ wɔmma wɔn A1C nkɔ fam nsen 7% . Sɛ wokura saa dodow yi mu a, ebetumi asiw nsɛnnennen pii a ebetumi aba esiane asikreyare nti no ano.
Asiane bɛn na ɛwɔ A1C dodow a ɛkɔ soro mu?
Sɛ obi nya A1C dodow a ɛkɔ soro bere tenten a, ebetumi asɛe nipadua no akwaa ahorow. Eyi te sɛ dade asinasin bi a wɔde ahyɛ aduru a asikre pii wom mu. Nneɛma atitiriw a efi mu ba no betumi ayɛ:
- Aniwa (Retinopathy): Aniwa a ɛyera anaasɛ anifurae betumi aba.
- Asaabo (Nephropathy): Ebetumi ama asaabo no ayɛ adwuma yiye.
- Ntini mu yare: Tebea ahorow te sɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛyaw, ne nkate a ɛyera wɔ akwaa no mu betumi aba.
- Koma ne mogya ntini: Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya komayare ne akisikuru no yɛ kɛse.
- Gastroparesis: Ebia yafunu no dwumadi bɛsɛe.
Ɛno nti na yɛka sɛ A1C nyɛ nɔma bi kɛkɛ, na mmom ɛyɛ ade titiriw a ɛkyerɛ w’akwahosan daakye.
So nneɛma afoforo wɔ hɔ a ɛka nea efi A1C sɔhwɛ no mu ba no?
Aane. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia wo A1C aba no bɛba fam anaasɛ akɔ soro atoro sen asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu ankasa. Nneɛma pii nti na eyi betumi aba saa.
| Tebea horow a ebia wɔbɛda A1C gyinapɛn ahorow adi wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so | Nhwɛso ahorow |
|---|---|
| Atoro a ɛba fam |
|
| Atoro a Ɔkorɔn |
|
Bio nso, awosu mu tebea horow a wɔfrɛ no hemoglobin variants nso betumi ama nea efi A1C mu ba no ayɛ soronko. Sɛ wowɔ tebea bi te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu anaasɛ wunnim nea efi mu ba wɔ A1C mu no ho a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Ɔbesusuw saa nneɛma no ho de ayɛ nea efi mu ba no ho nhwehwɛmu a edi mu.
So A1C bo no nkutoo dɔɔso sɛ wobetumi asusuw asikreyare ano aduru?
A1C yɛ susudua a ɛho hia paa na mfasoɔ wɔ so a yɛde adi dwuma mfeɛ du du pii. Nanso ɛnnɛ, esiane mfiridwuma mu nkɔso nti, akwan bi wɔ hɔ a ɛma yenya mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri mpo.
Fa no sɛ eyi: Obi A1C yɛ 7%. Akwan abien na ebetumi aba.
1. Ebia asikre dodow a ɛwɔ onipa no mogya mu no bɛyɛ 154 mg/dL bere nyinaa.
2. Anaasɛ, asikre dodow a ɛwɔ onipa no mogya mu betumi asakra kɛse da mũ no nyinaa (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛbɛkɔ soro akodu 300 na afei asan akɔ fam akodu 50). Sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu a, saa nsakraeɛ akɛseɛ yi betumi akɔ soro akodu 7%.
Woahu, ɛnte saa? Ɛwom mpo sɛ A1C bo yɛ pɛ de, nanso nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ wɔn mogya mu asikre a wɔhwɛ so no mu no yɛ kɛse. Onipa a ɔto so abien no nipadua sɛe kɛse.
Ɛha na Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) mfiri ne susudua bi a wɔfrɛ no Time in Range (TIR) ba CGM betumi ahwɛ sɛnea asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu sesa da mũ no nyinaa. TIR susuw bere dodow a asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no wɔ awiabere mu (e.g., 70-180 mg/dL).
Ɛwom sɛ eyinom yɛ akwan a ɛkɔ akyiri sen A1C de, nanso mprempren A1C sɔhwɛ no ne sɔhwɛ a abu so na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛyɛ, na ɛho hia sen biara wɔ Sri Lanka.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- A1C nhwehwɛmu yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia a ɛkyerɛ wo asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu wɔ asram 3 a atwam no mu.
- Eyi boa ma wohu asikreyare ne asikreyare a edi kan, na wosusuw sɛnea ayaresa no di yiye wɔ obi a ɔwɔ asikreyare dedaw mu.
- Obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden A1C nnu 5.7%. Nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ asikreyare no de si wɔn ani so sɛ wɔbɛma ayɛ nea ɛba fam sen 7%. Nanso wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw wo botae no ho.
- Akwahosan tebea afoforo te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, asaabo mu yare, ne nyinsɛn betumi aka wo A1C aba no, enti hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛka w’akwahosan nyinaa akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
- Mma wo ho nnpopo bere a wuhu A1C aba no. Ɛyɛ nɔma bi kɛkɛ. Ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ wo kwan. Bere nyinaa wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa ansa na woasi w’ayaresa ne w’asetra kwan ho gyinae.
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