So wo nso wunya komayare bere a woadi awie no? Minnim sɛ ebia ɛyɛ GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) anaa!

Hɛlo! Wo ho te sɛn? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka tebea bi a nnipa pii wɔ ho asɛm, nanso ebinom mfa wɔn adwene nsi so kɛse, nanso ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene si so kakra. So wo moma so hyew bere a woadi awie, wo menewam a ɛyɛ nwunu, anaa bere a wudidi mpo pɛn? Nnipa binom susuw sɛ eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata, nanso sɛ ɛtaa si na ɛtwetwe wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow a, ebetumi ayɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no `GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) ho sɛnkyerɛnne.` Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wo nso wubetumi anya eyi ho ntease pa.

Dɛn ne GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) kɛkɛ?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, GERD yɛ bere a acid a ɛwɔ yɛn yafunu mu a ɛyɛ nsu a ɛboa ma yɛyam aduan no san sen kɔ soro, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛkɔ aduan mu (aduan paipu) mu, kɔ menewa no mu. Seesei ebia woredwene sɛ, "Oh, ɛno to me nso, ɛte sɛ nea ɛresan aba yɛn menewam bere a yedidi no." Yiw, ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no GER (Gastroesophageal Reflux) anaasɛ "reflux" kɛkɛ. Ebia na yɛanya saa osuahu yi fi yɛn mmofraase. Nanso, sɛ GER tebea yi taa ba, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ komayare ne akisikuru bɛboro mprenu dapɛn biara, anaasɛ ɛde ɔhaw afoforo ba wo so, sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene, ɔfe a ɛkɔ so tra hɔ, wo mu duru a ɛso tew, anaasɛ ɛwo a, ɛnde yɛfrɛ saa tebea yi GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease). Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ `GERD` yɛ tebea a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ so yiye na wɔsa no yare sen menewa a ɛyɛ yaw kɛkɛ. Fa no sɛ, ntini bi wɔ hɔ a ɛte sɛ ɔpon bi wɔ yɛn yafunu ne yɛn yafunu ntam. Yɛfrɛ eyi `LES (Lower Esophageal Sphincter)` anaasɛ esophageal sphincter a ɛwɔ fam no . Sɛ yɛmene aduan a, saa ɔpon yi bue, na sɛ aduan no kɔ yafunu mu a, ɛto mu bio. Eyi mma aduan ne acid a ɛwɔ yafunu no mu no nsan nkɔ soro nkɔ aduan no mu. Nanso sɛ saa `LES` yi anto mu yiye, anaasɛ ɛtaa bue a, ɛnde yafunu no mu nneɛma no ba soro.

Dɛn nti na GERD ba? Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde ba?

Ɛnyɛ ade biako pɛ na ɛde GERD ba, nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama aba. Momma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde ba no.

• Esophageal sphincter a ɛwɔ fam ( LES ) no mmerɛwyɛ : Sɛnea madi kan aka no, ɔhaw no fi ase bere a saa ntini yi ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye no. Nnuan, anonne bi (te sɛ kɔfe , tii, chocolate , nsa), sigaretnom , ne nnuru bi betumi ama saa ntini yi adwo.
• Hiatal Hernia : Eyi ne bere a yafunu no fã a ɛwɔ soro no pia kɔ soro kɔ koko no mu. Eyi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ acid bɛsan aba no yɛ kɛse.
• Obolo(Overweight/Obesity): Bere a nipadua mu duru kɔ soro no, nhyɛso a ɛwɔ yafunu no mu no kɔ soro. Saa nhyɛso yi betumi apia yafunu no mu nneɛma akɔ soro.
• Nyinsɛn : Nsakrae a ɛba nipadua mu nkwaadɔm mu wɔ nyinsɛn mu no betumi ama wanya GERD , a ebetumi ama yafunu no ayɛ nhyɛso bere a akokoaa no nyin no. Mpɛn pii no, eyi brɛ ase bere a wɔawo akokoaa no akyi.
• Adidi su: Aduan pii a wodi prɛko pɛ, da a wobɛda bere a woadi awie, ne adidi a ɛbɛn ansa na woada nso betumi ama GERD no ayɛ kɛse.
• Nnuan ne anonne ahorow bi: Nnuan a srade pii wom, a ɛyɛ nnuhwam , tomato, nnuaba a wɔfrɛ no citrus (te sɛ akutu ne limes), mint, chocolate, kɔfe, ne anonne a carbonated wom betumi ama GERD ho sɛnkyerɛnne akɔ soro wɔ nnipa binom mu. Nanso, eyi gu ahorow wɔ onipa biara mu .
• Sigaretnom: Sigaretnom ma LES ntini no yɛ mmerɛw na ɛtew nnompe a ɛba no so, na ɛboa ma acid a ɛwɔ aduan mu no yɛ adwuma.
• Nnuru bi: Nnuru bi a wɔde sa ayamtu, mogya mmoroso nnuru, ɛyaw ano aduru, nnuru a wɔde da, ne nnuru bi a wɔde kum adwenemhaw nso betumi ama GERD ho sɛnkyerɛnne no ayɛ kɛse. Sɛ worenom nnuru biara na wususuw sɛ ɛno na ɛde saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi reba a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa.

Dɛn ne GERD ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

GERD ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ onipa biara ho. Ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛtaa ba no bi.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba mpanyimfo mu

• Komayare: Eyi ne sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw a nnipa dodow no ara hu. Ɛyɛ ɔhyew a efi koko mfinimfini kɔ menewam bere a woadi awie, anaasɛ bere a woada anaasɛ woakotow no. Ɛho hia sɛ wokae sɛ eyi nyɛ komayare , nanso sɛ wo koko yɛ wo yaw mpofirim a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.
• Regurgitation: Aduan anaa nsu a ɛyɛ dɛ a efi yafunu no mu san kɔ menewa anaa ano.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene (Dysphagia): Ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ menewa anaa ɛyaw bere a woremene aduan no.
• Globus sensation: Sɛ obi te nka sɛ akisikuru bi wɔ menewam, nanso wunni aduan anaa nsu.

Nnipa binom nso betumi anya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi (Atypical symptoms) .

Ɛwom sɛ eyinom ntaa mma de, nanso ebetumi afi GERD mu aba:

• Persistent dry cough: Ɔfe a ɛyɛ den titiriw anadwo na enni biribi foforo biara a ɛde ba.
• Laryngitis: Menewa mu yɛ yaw na ne nne sesa.
• Akisikuru: GERD betumi ama obi anya ayamtu foforo anaasɛ ama ayamtu a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no asɛe kɛse.
• Akisikuru a ɛtaa ba.
• Ahome bɔne.
• Nsõ a ɛporɔw: Yafunu mu acid a ɛkɔ anom no betumi asɛe sẽ.
• Dae a ɛyɛ basaa: Koko mu yaw ne ɔfe a ɛba anadwo no betumi ama ayɛ den sɛ ɔbɛda yiye.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ wo koko mu yaw, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, anaasɛ ɛyaw a ɛhyerɛn kɔ wo hwene anaa wo nsa so a, ebetumi afi GERD, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ sɛ tebea bi a emu yɛ den kɛse te sɛ komayare anaa. Enti kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Na sɛ mmofra nkumaa ne nkokoaa wɔ GERD nso ɛ?

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ nkokoaa nya nufusu bi wɔ wɔn menewam (GER). Nanso sɛ ɛdan GERD a, ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ eyinom:

• Nufusu pii a wɔtaa fe anaasɛ ɛsan kɔ nipadua no mu.
• Sɛ wɔma wɔn aduan a, wosu, wɔmpɛ sɛ wobedi, na wɔn bo fuw.
• Nipadua mu duru nkɔ soro sɛnea ɛsɛ, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a emu duru so tew.
• Ɔhome mu haw te sɛ ɔfe ne ahurututu mu akisikuru.
• Sɛ wɔredi aduan anaa bere a wɔadi aduan awie a, wɔkotow wɔn nipadua te sɛ agyan.
• Mesu bere nyinaa a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu.

Sɛ wo ba no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ mmofra oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu GERD? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .

Mpɛn pii no, oduruyɛfo betumi asusuw sɛ ebia wowɔ GERD denam wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a obetie na wahwehwɛ wo mu no so.

• Nsɛnkyerɛnne a wubebisa: Oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wowɔ, bere tenten a ɛwɔ hɔ, ne bere a emu yɛ den sen biara.
• Asetra mu nsakrae ne nnuru a wɔde di dwuma: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ nsakrae bi wɔ w’aduan mu na wama wo GERD aduru a ɛnyɛ den bere tiaa bi de ahwɛ sɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no tu mpɔn anaa.
• Nhwehwɛmu foforo: Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den, sɛ nnuru no ntumi nyɛ adwuma, anaasɛ wosusuw sɛ ɔhaw afoforo bi wɔ hɔ a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ:
• Upper Endoscopy: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode afiri ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ tratraa a mfoninitwa afiri wom bɛhyɛ w’anom mu de ahwɛ wo menewam, yafunu, ne wo dwensɔtwaa ketewa no fã a edi kan. Eyi betumi aboa ma woahwɛ sɛ wo menewam asɛe anaa ɔhaw afoforo anaa. Sɛ ɛho hia a, wobetumi afa ntini ketewaa bi (biopsy).
• Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test: Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wɔde afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa yiye fa hwene no mu kɔ aduan no mu na wogyaw no bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 24, na wɔsusuw mpɛn dodow ne bere tenten a acid sen kɔ aduan no mu.
• Esophageal manometry: Eyi kyerɛ nhyɛso ne dwumadi a LES ne esophageal ntini ahorow no yɛ. Eyi ho hia ma nnipa a ɛyɛ den ma wɔn sɛ wɔbɛmene.
• Barium mene ho sɔhwɛ `(Barium mene / Esophagram)`:Wɔ eyi mu no, wonom nsu bi a wɔfrɛ no barium na wotwa X-ray mfonini. Eyi betumi akyerɛ sɛnea ɛwo kotoku no te ne akwanside biara. Nanso, wɔmfa nni dwuma pii bio mfa nhu GERD.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa GERD? Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ?

Akwan atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfa so sa GERD: asetra mu nsakrae, nnuru, ne wɔ tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den mu no, oprehyɛn.

1. Asetra mu nsakrae (eyinom ne anammɔn a edi kan ne nea ɛho hia sen biara!) .

Saa nneɛma yi a wobɛyɛ ansa na woanom nnuru anaasɛ wɔde di dwuma no betumi aboa kɛse ma woadi GERD sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so.

• Wo mu duru a wobɛhwɛ so: Sɛ wo mu duru boro so a, mmɔden a wobɛbɔ sɛ wobɛtew wo mu duru so kakra mpo betumi ama nsakrae kɛse aba.
• Kwati nnuan a ɛkanyan obi: Hu nnuan a wususuw sɛ ebetumi ama wo GERD sɛnkyerɛnne no ayɛ kɛse (te sɛ nnuan a ɛyɛ nnuhwam, srade, chocolate, kɔfe, nnuaba a wɔfrɛ no citrus) na tew so sɛnea wubetumi. Ɛnyɛ obiara na nnuan koro na ɛka no, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu nea ɛka wo.
• Adidi ho su a wɔbɛsakra:
• Sɛ́ anka wubedi aduan pii wɔ aduan biako mu no, di nnuan nketenkete pii.
• Sɛ wudidi wie a, anyɛ yiye koraa no, nna nnɔnhwerew 2-3, tra ase.
• Anyɛ yiye koraa no, wie anwummere aduan nnɔnhwerew 3 ansa na woada.
• Dae a woama mpa no ti so: Ma mpa no ti so bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 6-8. Eyi tu mpɔn kɛse denam biribi te sɛ dua a wɔde bɛhyɛ mpa no nan ase de ama mpa no ti so, sen sɛ wɔde apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ pii bedi dwuma no so.
• Kwati sigaretnom: Sɛ wonom sigaret a, ɛnyɛ sɛ wugyae sigaretnom no ye ma GERD nko, na mmom wo nipadua nyinaa nso.
• Kwati ntade a ɛyɛ den: Kwati sɛ wobɛhyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ den a ɛtwetwe wo yafunu.

2. Nnuru a wɔnom wɔ aduruyɛ mu afotu so

Sɛ asetra mu nsakrae nkutoo nnɔɔso a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru yi ama wo. Mma nkɔ so mfa nnuru yi nni dwuma da a wunni aduruyɛ mu afotu.

• Nnuru a ɛko tia acid: Eyinom ma obi ho tɔ no ntɛm. Wɔma acid a ɛwɔ yafunu no mu no yɛ nea ɛnyɛ hwee. Nanso, eyinom a wɔde di dwuma mpɛn pii no nyɛ papa, efisɛ ebetumi de ɔhaw ahorow aba. (Nhwɛso: `Digene`, `Gelusil`).
• H2 Receptor Blockers: Eyinom brɛ acid a ɛba yafunu mu no ase. Nnuru te sɛ Famotidine ne Cimetidine ka saa kuw yi ho.
• Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Eyinom ne nnuru a ano yɛ den sen biara a ɛtew acid so. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, ne Pantoprazole. Saa nnuru yi yɛ adwuma denam acid a wɔyɛ no a esiw ano kɛse no so. Nanso, wobetumi de nsunsuanso bɔne bi aba bere a wɔde di dwuma bere tenten no, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnuruyɛfo hwɛ ase nkutoo.

3. Oprehyɛn wɔ tebea horow bi mu

Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi de asetra mu nsakrae ne nnuru adi GERD ho dwuma. Nanso, sɛ eyinom mu biara nyɛ adwuma, sɛ nnuru no de ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den ba, anaasɛ GERD de ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den aba (te sɛ Barrett aduan mu a) a, nnuruyɛfo betumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ no oprehyɛn.

• Fundoplication: Eyi ne oprehyɛn a wɔtaa yɛ sen biara. Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔfa yafunu no atifi fã no na wɔde kyekyere aduan no fã a ɛwɔ fam no ho de hyɛ LES no den. Mprempren wobetumi de laparoscopic (denam ntwitwiridii nketenkete so) ayɛ eyi.
• Nnɛyi akwan afoforo pii nso wɔ hɔ.

Sɛ wɔansa GERD yiye a, ɔhaw bɛn na ebetumi aba? (Nsɛnnennen a ɛba) .

Ɛnyɛ adwene pa sɛ wobɛfa no kɛkɛ sɛ GERD yɛ komayare ara kwa. Sɛ wɔansa no yiye a, bere kɔ so no, nsɛnnennen te sɛ:

• Esophagitis: Esophaguus no mu ntini betumi ayɛ hyew na ayɛ abufuw esiane acid a ɛsan ba mpɛn pii nti. Eyi betumi ama wate yaw, mogya atu, na ayɛ den sɛ ɔbɛmene.
• Esophageal stricture: Ɔfe a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ betumi ama akuru ayɛ esophageal no, na ama ayɛ den sɛ aduan bɛfa mu.
• Barrett esophagus: Wɔ tebea yi mu no, nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ esophagus no ase no sesa ma ɛte sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yafunu no mu no. Wobu eyi sɛ tebea a edi kokoram anim a ɛma kokoram ho asiane yɛ kɛse . Nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya kokoram wɔ wɔn aduan mu.
• Esophageal cancer: Nnipa a wɔwɔ Barrett esophagus no betumi anya saa kokoram yi bere a bere kɔ so no. Ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ GERD na onya bi, na ɛntaa nsi koraa , nanso asiane wɔ mu.
• Ɔhome mu haw: Sɛ acid a ɛba soro no hyɛn ɔhome akwaa no mu a, tebea horow te sɛ ɔfe a ɛtaa, ahurututu, ne ahurututu mu yare betumi aba.

Eyi nti na ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu a wummu w’ani ngu GERD ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so no.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

GERD yɛ tebea a ɛyɛ yaw kakra a sɛ wɔansa a, ebetumi ayɛ aniberesɛm. Nanso asɛmpa no ne sɛ wobetumi adi so kɛse .

Kae:

* Sɛ wotaa nya sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ wo koko mu yaw anaa wo menewa mu yaw a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ afotu.

* Asetra mu nsakrae a ɛnyɛ den (aduan a wodi so, mu duru a wɔtew, gyinabea a wɔsakra) betumi ama wo ho atɔ wo kɛse.

* Fa aduru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no di dwuma pɛpɛɛpɛ ne bere a woakyerɛw ama wo no. Mma w’ankasa nnyae aduru no anaasɛ mfi ase.

* Sɛ wonom sigaret a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyae.

* Sɛ mmofra nkumaa wɔ GERD ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, kɔ mmofra oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

GERD a wobɛtra ase no betumi ayɛ den, nanso sɛ wodi ho dwuma yiye a, wubetumi abɔ bra a ɛfata na ahotɔ wom. Ka wo dadwen ne wo haw ahorow ho asɛm pefee kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Yɛrepɛ sɛ mo akwahosan pa! GERD, Gastroesophageal Reflux Yare, Komayare, Acid Reflux, Sinhala Aduruyɛ mu Asɛm