So wote nka sɛ testosterone sua? Momma yensua nsakrae yi a ɛba ɔbarima nipadua mu (Male Hypogonadism) no ho ade pɛpɛɛpɛ!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ woabrɛ, w’ani nnye biribiara ho, anaasɛ wowɔ asɛmmisa ketewaa bi fa nneɛma bi a ɛfa mmarimayɛ ho? Ebia nea enti a ɛte saa ne hormone testosterone a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu a ɛso tew. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka testosterone dodow a ɛso tew yi ho asɛm , anaasɛ sɛnea nnuruyɛfo frɛ no no, tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Male Hypogonadism . Mma ɛnhaw wo, eyi yɛ biribi a ebetumi ato nnipa pii, na ayaresa ahorow wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa.

Dɛn na testosterone a ɛba fam kyerɛ?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, testosterone a ɛba fam kyerɛ sɛ wo mmadwoa (ntini a ɛma mmarima mmadwoa) ntumi nnya testosterone a ɛdɔɔso. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, Leydig nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ awotwaa no mu no na ɛyɛ saa testosterone yi.

Saa tebea yi betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow aba wɔ mfe ahorow mu. Afei nso, testosterone dodow so tew kakra fi awosu mu bere a mmarima nyin no. Wɔde din afoforo frɛ eyi, sɛ nhwɛso no:

• Testosterone a enni nipadua mu ho yare
• Testosterone a enni nipadua no mu
• Hypogonadism titiriw
• Hypogonadism a ɛto so abien

Dɛn nti na testosterone ho hia saa?

Testosterone ne ɔbarima hormone a ɛho hia sen biara. Ɛho hia ma mmarima su ahorow a ɛba ne mmadwoa a wɔyɛ (spermatogenesis). Mmarima wɔ testosterone dodow a ɛkɔ soro kɛse wɔ wɔn nipadua mu sen mmea.

Testosterone boa ma nneɛma yi kɔ so tra hɔ na ɛma ɛyɛ kɛse wɔ ɔbarima nipadua mu:

• Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu
• Ntini kɛse
• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛyɛ papa
• Nnompe a ɛyɛ den
• Adwene mu akwahosan pa
• Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ne awo dwumadi

Mpɛn pii no, yɛn nipadua no hwɛ testosterone dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no so. Ɛkɔ soro sen biara anɔpa na ɛso tew nkakrankakra bere a da no kɔ so no.

Hypothalamus ne pituitary gland a ɛwɔ w’amemene mu no na ɛhwɛ testosterone dodow a wo mmadwoa no yɛ na woyi fi mu no so.

Hypothalamus no ma hormone a ɛma gonadotropin (GnRH) fi adi . Eyi ma pituitary gland no yi luteinizing hormone (LH) fi adi . Afei LH tu kwan kɔ awotwaa no mu kɔkanyan testosterone a wɔyɛ. Pituitary gland no nso yi follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) fi mu ma ɛboa ma wonya mmadwoa.

Enti, sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ wo mmadwoa, hypothalamus, anaa pituitary gland ho a, ebia wo testosterone dodow so bɛtew.

Dodow bɛn na wobu no sɛ "testosterone a ɛba fam"?

Sɛnea Amerika Ntini Ho Nhwehwɛmu Fekuw (AUA) kyerɛ no, sɛ ɔpanyin mogya mu testosterone dodow sua sɛ ennu nanogram 300 wɔ deciliter biara mu (300 ng/dL).

Nanso, nhwehwɛmufo ne nnuruyɛfo binom ne saa adwene yi nnye ntom koraa. Ebinom gye di sɛ biribiara a ennu `250 ng/dL` no, wobu no sɛ ɛba fam. Nanso, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ nnuruyɛfo besusuw wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho bere a wɔrehu sɛ ebia testosterone sua anaa.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ testosterone so tew yi?

Saa tebea yi betumi aka mmarima a wɔadi mfe biara, efi awo mu kosi mpanyin afe so.

Nanso, ɛda adi sɛ saa nkurɔfo yi benya testosterone a ɛba fam:

• Wɔ nnipa a wɔn mfe akɔ anim fam
• Wɔ nnipa a wɔayɛ kɛse mmoroso (wɔyɛ srade dodo) fam no .
• Wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare a ɛto so abien a wontumi nni so yiye fam no
• Wɔn a wɔwɔ nna mu ahomegye a esiw kwan no fam
• Nnipa a wɔwɔ nyarewa a enni sabea te sɛ asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye ne mmerɛbo mu akisikuru
• Wɔn a wɔwɔ HIV/AIDS no fam

Saa tebea yi abu so dɛn?

Ɛyɛ den ma nhwehwɛmufo sɛ wɔbɛka sɛnea testosterone a ɛba fam abu so pɛpɛɛpɛ, efisɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow akyerɛkyerɛ "testosterone a ɛba fam" mu wɔ ɔkwan soronko so.

Sɛnea nsɛm bi kyerɛ no, mmarima dodow a ɛboro 2% betumi anya saa tebea yi. Nhwehwɛmu afoforo kyerɛ sɛ mmarima a wɔadi fi mfe 50 kosi 79 bɛboro 8% wɔ testosterone dodow a ɛba fam.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ testosterone sua?

Testosterone a ɛba fam ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ soronko kɛse wɔ onipa biara mu, titiriw egyina mfe a obi adi so.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ mmarima a wɔanyinyin mu

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, hokwan kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ ebia testosterone sua:

• Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ho akɔnnɔ a ɛso tew
• Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye
• Nwi a ɛtɔ wɔ abasa ne kokoam mmeae
• Testicular a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Ɔhyew a ɛyɛ hyew
• Nkwaboaa dodow a ɛso tew anaasɛ enni hɔ (Azoospermia), a ebetumi ama ayɛ den wɔ nyinsɛn mu.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo betumi ayɛ:

• Adwenemhaw (adwene mu haw) .
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so na woakae
• Nipadua mu srade a ɛkɔ soro
• Mmarima nufu a ɛtrɛw (Gynecomastia) .
• Ntini ahoɔden ne ne kɛse a ɛso tew
• Nipadua boasetɔ a ɛso tew

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ mmofra mu (ansa na wɔrebɔ wɔn mpanyin afe so anaasɛ bere a wɔrebɛn mpanyin afe so) .

Sɛ abarimaa bi testosterone dodow so tew ansa na wabɔ ne mmabunbere anaasɛ bere a ɔreba mpanyin afe so a, obetumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ:

• Ɔsorokɔ nyin brɛoo, nanso akwaa betumi anyin akyɛ a ɛnsɛ asen nipadua no afã afoforo.
• Nwi a enyin wɔ kokoam mmeae a ɛso tew.
• Nkwaboaa ne mmadwoa no nyin a ɛso tew.
• Ɛnne no mu dɔ a ɛso tew.
• Ahoɔden ne boasetɔ a ɛso tew esiane mfe a obi adi nti.

Dɛn na ɛde testosterone a ɛba fam ba?

Nneɛma pii nti na testosterone dodow betumi akɔ fam. Saa tebea yi gu akuw atitiriw abien mu:

1. Primary hypogonadism: Eyi fi ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ awotwaa no ankasa mu.

2. Secondary hypogonadism: Eyi fi pituitary gland anaa hypothalamus a ɛwɔ amemene no mu a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye.

Saa ahorow abien yi nyinaa betumi afi awo mu anaasɛ nneɛma a wɔanya a ɛba akyiri yi (wɔ mmofraase anaa mpanyin afe so) mu.

Nneɛma a ɛde hypogonadism titiriw ba

Nea ɛba wɔ asɛm yi mu ne sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ awotwaa no mu, na ɛmma wontumi nnya testosterone sɛnea ɛsɛ.

Edin foforo a wɔde frɛ eyi ne hypergonadotropic hypogonadism . Eyi ne bere a pituitary gland no yɛ hormone LH ne FSH (a wɔsan frɛ no gonadotropins) pii esiane testosterone a ɛba fam nti. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ saa nkwaadɔm yi dɔɔso a, wɔka kyerɛ mmadwoa no sɛ ɛnyɛ testosterone ne mmadwoa pii. Nanso, sɛ mmadwoa no sɛe (mpɛn pii no esiane nnuru a wɔde sa kokoram nti) anaasɛ sɛ awotwaa no nni hɔ a, entumi nyɛ saa gonadotropins a ɛkɔ soro yi ho biribi. Ne saa nti, testosterone ne mmadwoa kakraa bi pɛ na ɛba anaasɛ wonnya bi koraa.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔ hypogonadism titiriw mu no, gonadotropin dodow betumi akɔ soro ɛwom mpo sɛ testosterone dodow wɔ nea ɛfata mu de. Wo duruyɛfo titiriw bɛkyerɛkyerɛ eyi mu akyerɛ wo ne sɛ ebia ayaresa ho hia sɛ testosterone yɛ nea ɛfata mpo a.

Nneɛma a wɔde awo obi:

• Nkwaboaa a enni hɔ bere a wɔawo no (Anorchia) .
• Cryptorchidism (awotwaa no a entumi nsian mfi awotwaa no mu) .
• Leydig nkwammoaa a ennya nkɔso koraa wɔ awotwaa mu (Leydig cell hypoplasia) .
• Klinefelter yare (wɔwo mmarima a wɔwɔ X chromosome foforo mmom sen sɛ wɔde XY - XXY bedi dwuma) .
• Noonan syndrome (awosu mu tebea a ɛntaa nsi, ebetumi ama obi akyɛ, ne mmabunbere ansi fam, anaasɛ ontumi nwo) .
• Myotonic dystrophy (ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ nyarewa kuw bi a wonya fi awo mu) .

Nneɛma a wonya de ba:

• Apirakuru a ɛba anaa woyi awotwaa no fi hɔ.
• Nkwammoaa biako anaa abien no nyinaa a ɛyɛ hyew (orchitis). Eyi taa fi ɔyare mmoawa bi (e.g. nna mu yare), anaasɛ ebetumi nso afi ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ akisikuru.
• Nnuru anaa mframa a wɔde sa yare a wɔde ma mmadwoa no.
• Kokoram ahorow bi.
• Anabolic steroid a wɔde di dwuma.

Nneɛma a ɛde hypogonadism a ɛto so abien ba

Tebea horow a ɛka hypothalamus ne/anaasɛ pituitary gland no dwumadi na ɛde hypogonadism a ɛto so abien ba. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.Wɔsan frɛ no "low testosterone" efisɛ hormone `LH` ne `FSH` dodow sua wɔ ha. Saa dodow a ɛba fam yi ma testosterone ne mmadwoa a wɔyɛ no so tew.

Nneɛma a wɔde awo obi:

• Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism a atew ne ho (GnRH dodow a ɛba fam fi awo mu) .
• Kallmann syndrome (awosu mu tebea a ɛntaa nsi, ntini mu nkwammoaa a entumi nnya wɔ hypothalamus a ɛma GnRH. Hua a ɛyera nso betumi aba) .
• Prader-Willi syndrome (awosu mu yare a ɛntaa nsi a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow pii mu a ebetumi asɛe hypothalamus no dwumadi) .

Nneɛma a wonya de ba:

• Hypopituitarism (eyi betumi afi pituitary tumor (adenoma), ɔyare mmoawa, opira, mframa a wɔde sa yare, anaa oprehyɛn mu aba) .
• Hyperprolactinemia (hormone prolactin dodow a ɛkɔ soro) .
• Dade a ɛboro so wɔ nipadua no mu (Hemochromatosis) .
• Amemene anaa ti a opira
• Cushing yare a ɛma obi nya ɔyare no
• Cirrhosis a ɛwɔ mmerɛbo mu
• Asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye
• HIV/AIDS
• Asanom a wɔnom ho haw
• Asikreyare a wontumi nni so yiye
• Kɛse mmoroso (srade a wɔyɛ dodo) .
• Dae mu ahomegye a esiw kwan
• Nnuru bi (e.g. estrogen, nnuru a ɛsakra adwene, metoclopramide, opioid, nnuru bi a wɔde sa prostate kokoram) .

Hypogonadism a efi ase akyiri yi (LOH) yɛ hypogonadism a ɛto so abien a ɛba bere a onyin a ɛfata no. Bere a mmarima nyin no, testosterone ne/anaasɛ mmadwoa a wɔyɛ no so tew esiane hypothalamic-pituitary dwumadi ne Leydig nkwammoaa dwumadi a asɛe nti.

LOH ne testosterone a ɛba fam abu so wɔ mmarima a wɔwɔ asikreyare a ɛto so abien, wɔn mu duru boro so, ne/anaasɛ wɔyɛ kɛse mmoroso mu.

Wɔ nhwehwɛmu bi mu no, mmarima a wɔn mu duru boro so no mu 30% na testosterone dodow sua, bere a na mmarima a wɔn mu duru yɛ pɛ no mu 6% pɛ na wɔwɔ hɔ no. Wɔ nhwehwɛmu foforo mu no, mmarima a wɔwɔ asikreyare a ɛto so abien no mu 25% na testosterone dodow sua, bere a na mmarima a wonni asikreyare no mu 13% pɛ na wɔwɔ hɔ no.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ wowɔ testosterone a ɛba fam?

Sɛ wowɔ testosterone a ɛba fam ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, oduruyɛfo bɛyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Wɔbɛbisa wo nsɛm nso afa w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, nnuru a woanom anaa woanom, sɛ ebia wonom sigaret, ne mprempren sɛnkyerɛnne biara ho. Afei wɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mpɛn pii.

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na oduruyɛfo no ahu yare no, obesusuw wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne nea efii wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mu no ho.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ?

Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi aboa ma wɔasi testosterone a ɛba fam so dua na wɔahu nea ɛde ba:

• Testosterone dodow nyinaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi taa hwehwɛ sɛ wɔfa mogya abien wɔ anɔpa 8 kosi 10 ntam, efisɛ ɛno ne bere a testosterone dodow kɔ soro sen biara. Ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛ woayare anaasɛ wo ho atɔ wo nnansa yi ara wɔ yare bi mu a. Sɛ biribi si ntɛm a, ebia nea ebefi mu aba no bɛyɛ nea ɛba fam wɔ atoro so.
• Luteinizing hormone (LH) mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi boa ma wohu sɛ ebia ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ pituitary gland no mu na ɛde testosterone a ɛba fam ba anaa.
• Prolactin mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Prolactin dodow a ɛkɔ soro no betumi ayɛ ɔhaw anaa akisikuru bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ pituitary gland no mu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔde sa testosterone a ɛba fam?

Nnuruyɛfo de Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) sa testosterone a ɛba fam no yare . Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so ayɛ eyi:

• Testosterone gel (a wɔde gu honam ani): Ɛsɛ sɛ wode saa gel yi gu honam ani a ɛho tew na ɛyɛ nwunu so da biara sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ no. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, mma gel no mfa honam ani nhyia obi foforo. Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so yɛ adwuma wɔ United States.
• Testosterone a wɔde gu ntini mu: Wo anaa oduruyɛfo betumi de saa aduru yi ama wo wɔ ntini bi mu adapɛn 1-2 biara. Testosterone a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu a ɛyɛ adwuma bere tenten nso wɔ hɔ a wɔde ma adapɛn 10 biara. Nnuru a wɔde twitwiw honam ani nso wɔ hɔ a wɔde ma wɔ honam ani.
• Testosterone aduru (skin patch): Ɛsɛ sɛ wode saa aduru yi gu honam ani da biara sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ no. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔdannan baabi a wɔde bɛhyɛ no daa na amma honam ani ayɛ wɔn ade.
• Testosterone pellets (subcutaneous): Oduruyɛfo titiriw bi de saa pellets yi bɛhyɛ honam ani asram abiɛsa kosi asia. Eyinom ma wonya testosterone dodow a ɛkɔ so daa wɔ bere tenten mu.
• Buccal testosterone tablets: Eyinom yɛ aduru a ɛyɛ nnam a wɔde gu anom mprenu da biara. Testosterone fa ntini no mu kɔ mogya no mu ntɛmntɛm.
• Testosterone nasal gel: Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde saa gel yi gu hwene abien no nyinaa mu mprɛnsa da biara.
• Testosterone a wɔnom: Wɔde testosterone bi a wɔfrɛ no undecanoate ma mmarima a wɔn testosterone sua esiane aduruyɛ mu tebea horow bi te sɛ Klinefelter syndrome, anaa akisikuru a asɛe pituitary gland nti.

Nanso, ebia worentumi nnya ayaresa a wɔde besi testosterone ananmu sɛ wowɔ abakɔsɛm a ɛfa tebea horow a edidi so yi mu biara ho a:

• Prostate kokoram.
• Prostate akisikuru a wɔanhwehwɛ mu. (Ɛsɛ sɛ obiara hwɛ ne prostate ansa na wafi testosterone ayaresa ase.)
• Nufu mu kokoram.
• Koma a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Dae mu ahomegye a esiw kwan a wɔansa.

Dɛn ne nnuru a wɔde si testosterone ananmu no mu nsunsuanso bɔne?

Nea edidi so yi betumi aba sɛ ayaresa yi mu nsunsuanso bɔne:

• Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ akisikuru anaasɛ srade wom.
• Ankle a ɛho ahonhon esiane nsu kakra a ɛboaboa ano wɔ nipadua no mu nti.
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtow nsu esiane prostate nkanyan nti.
• Nufu a ɛyɛ kɛse anaa ɛyaw.
• Dae mu ahomegye a ɛyɛ den.
• Nkwaboaa nketewa.
• Sɛ wode testosterone a wɔde apete honam ani di dwuma a, ebia wo honam ani yɛ wo yaw na wo ho ayɛ wo hyew.

Nsakrae a wobetumi ahu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu amanneɛbɔ ahorow mu:

• Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) a ɛkɔ soro.
• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛkɔ soro.
• Nkwaboaa dodow a ɛba fam, na ɛde awo a wontumi nwo (ntumi nwo mma). Eyi ho hia titiriw ma mmerante a wɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛwo mma no.

So wobetumi asiw testosterone a ɛso tew ano?

Nnuruyɛfo ne nhwehwɛmufo nnya nhuu ɔkwan bi a wɔbɛfa so asiw testosterone a ɛbɛkɔ fam ano, sɛ́ ɛyɛ awosu mu nneɛma a ɛde ba anaasɛ ɔsɛe a ɛba mmadwoa, hypothalamus, anaa pituitary gland no.

Nanso, asetra mu su ahorow yi betumi aboa ma testosterone dodow akɔ so ayɛ nea ɛfata:

• Aduan a ahoɔden wom a wobedi.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ.
• Mu duru a wɔhwɛ so.
• Kwati nsa ne nnubɔne a wɔnom boro so.

Sɛ wo testosterone sua a, dɛn na ɛba? Dɛn na wubetumi ahwɛ kwan?

Ano aduru biako biara nni hɔ a ɛbɛma testosterone a ɛba fam no ayɛ nea ɛfata. Nanso, sɛ wokɔ so yɛ aduru a ɛfata a wɔde si hormone ananmu a, wubetumi ama wo nna ho akɔnnɔ atu mpɔn, atew adwenemhaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne so, na w’ahoɔden akɔ soro. Ayaresa nso betumi ama ntini mu duru ne nnompe mu ayɛ den.

Mmarima a testosterone nni wɔn mu no wuwu kɛse sen mmarima a testosterone dodow a ɛfata wom. Nanso, ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi sɛ ebia testosterone dodow a wɔsan de ba sɛnea ɛsɛ no bɛma nnipa dodow a wowuwu a ɛkɔ soro yi so atew anaa. Ayaresa no twe adwene si yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wobedi so kɛse so, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn ani si testosterone dodow so.

Wɔ awosu mu hypogonadism ho no, ayaresa a wɔde si testosterone ananmu taa boa ma wosiw ɔhaw ahorow a ɛbata mmerantebere ne mmabaabere a ɛkyɛ ho no ano.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ testosterone a ɛba fam ho?

Sɛ worenom aduru a wɔde si hormone ananmu a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa akɔhwɛ wo.

Sɛ wowɔ testosterone a ɛba fam ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ nna ho akɔnnɔ a ɛso tew anaasɛ ɔhyew a ɛyɛ hyew a, wo ne oduruyɛfo nkasa. Ɔbɛhwehwɛ wo mu na wahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu.

Sɛ wo ba no nnya mmabunbere ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara bere a wadi mfe 14 a, wo ne ne mmofra oduruyɛfo nkasa.

Nnipa pii bu testosterone a ɛba fam ho sɛnkyerɛnne sɛ ɛyɛ onyin fã a ɛfata. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛreka w’asetra pa a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛfata sɛ wohwɛ so yiye. Sɛ worehyia testosterone a ɛba fam ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛhaw adwene a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na wɔne wo nsusuw ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi asɛm yi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Testosterone a ɛba fam yɛ tebea a ebetumi aka mmarima. Ebetumi de nipadua ne adwene mu haw ahorow aba. Ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wusuro anaa w’ani awu wɔ ho, na mmom wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu. Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, mmu no sɛ onyin a ɛfata.

Sɛ wohu yare no yiye na wosa wo yare a ɛfata a, wubetumi atra ase a ahotɔ wom. Kae sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nkutoo na wowɔ hɔ, na mmoa wɔ hɔ.

` Testosterone, mmarima hormone, hypogonadism, nna mu akwahosan, hormone ayaresa, mmarima akwahosan, ahoɔden a wonni