So w’asaabo retu protein pii afi mu? Momma yɛnka Nephrotic Syndrome ho asɛm!

So wo nan, wo nsa, anaa w’anim afi ase hohoro mpofirim? Anaasɛ wo nsuo te sɛ akokoaa nipadua a ɛho ahonhon? So ɛte sɛ foam bere a woretow nsu no ? Eyinom betumi ayɛ ɔhaw ketewaa bi a ɛba w’asaabo so, na ebetumi afi ayaresa tebea bi mu. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka asaabo mu yareɛ a ɛte saa baako ho asɛm, ‘Nephrotic Syndrome’. Mma ɛnhaw wo, yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ne Nephrotic Syndrome?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nephrotic syndrome yɛ tebea a yɛn asaabo no yi protein pii fi nsu mu. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi ``proteinuria''. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, sɛ protein bɛboro gram 3 (a emu yɛ duru kakra sen U.S. penny kakra) fi nsu mu da biara a, ɛno ne tebea yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw. Eyi boro dodow a asaabo a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden yi fi mu no so bɛyɛ mpɛn 20.

Afei susuw yɛn asaabo ho sɛ ade a wɔde yiyi mu . Saa afiri yi wɔ mogya ntini nketenkete, a yɛfrɛ no `(glomeruli)` . Saa `(glomeruli)` yi yi nwura (sɛ nhwɛso no, nitrogenous nwura `(urea)`, ntini mu nwura `(creatinine)`, ne acids), ne nsu a ɛho nhia a efi mogya no mu. Afei woyi wɔn fi mu sɛ nsu. Mpɛn pii no, wɔ asaabo a ɛte apɔw mu no, `(glomeruli)` yi nneɛma a nipadua no hia te sɛ protein ahorow, na ɛma ɛkɔ so tra mogya no mu, titiriw protein `(albumin)` . Nanso sɛ saa `(glomeruli)` yi sɛe a, ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye. Afei, ɛnyɛ den sɛ protein ahorow a ɛsom bo te sɛ `(albumin)` boaboa ano wɔ nsu mu.

So eyi de nkwa to asiane mu?

Yiw, nephrotic syndrome yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den . Sɛ wɔansa no yiye a, ebetumi de nsɛnnennen afoforo aba na aka w’asetra mpo. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wuhu eyi na sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

Hena na onya nephrotic syndrome?

Obiara betumi anya eyi. Nanso, nnipa a wɔwɔ asaabo mu yare a efi asikreyare mu, wɔn a wɔwɔ asaabo mu yare bi, ne wɔn a wɔwɔ abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛwɔ asaabo mu yare a ɛte sɛɛ (a ɛwɔ nephrotic syndrome) no taa nya bi.

Eyi nyɛ yare a abu so koraa.

• Ɛka mmofra bɛyɛ 50,000 biara mu 1 afe biara. Wɔtaa hu wɔ mmofra a wɔadi fi mfe 2 kosi 5. Mmarimaa taa nya bi sen mmeawa mmɔho abien.
• Wɔ mpanyimfo mu no , eyi ba bɛyɛ nnipa mpem ɔha biara mu baasa afe biara.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nephrotic syndrome ka nipadua no?

Sɛ wɔyi protein a ɛho hia yɛn nipadua paa no gu nsuo mu a, ɔhaw ahodoɔ sɔre.

• Protein ahorow bi boa ma mogya ntumi nkɔ . Sɛ wɔyera a, mogya a ɛtɔ gu nipadua no mu betumi ayɛ.
• Protein foforo a ɛho hia ne`(Immunoglobulins)` . Eyinom boa yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ko tia nyarewa ne ɔyare mmoawa. Sɛ eyinom yera a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ yebenya ɔyare mmoawa. Nhwɛsoɔ:
• `(Ahurututu mu yare)` (Ahurututu mu yare) .
• Cellulitis (ɔyare mmoawa a wɔde ba honam ani) .
• Peritonitis (yare mmoawa a ɛba yafunu no mu) .

Dɛn ne nephrotic syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Ɛho hia sɛ yɛhwɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi yiye:

• Protein `(albumin)` pii a wowɔ wɔ nsuo mu (`(albuminuria)`) : Wɔyi `(albumin)` protein bɛboro gram 3.5 fi mu da biara.
• Srade ne srade a ɛwɔ mogya mu a ɛkɔ soro (hyperlipidemia) .
• Swelling (`(edema)`) : Mpɛn pii no, nan, nansoaa, ne nan ho ahonhon. Ɛtɔ da bi a nsa ne anim nso tumi hohoro. Fa no sɛ, sɛ wo ba sɔre anɔpa na baabi a atwa n’ani ho ahyia no te sɛ nea ahonhon a, ɛno nso betumi ayɛ eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
• Albumin protein dodow a ɛso tew wɔ mogya mu (hypoalbuminemia) .
• Aduan yɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ .
• Sɛ́ wobɛte nka sɛ nkwa nnim na wabrɛ bere nyinaa .
• Yafunu mu yaw (baabiara fi mpampam kosi yafunu ase).
• Foamy urine , te sɛ samina nsu.

Ade foforo nso ne sɛ yɛn nipadua no hwere nneɛma a ɛho hia ne vitamin ahorow, titiriw calcium ne vitamin D , wɔ saa kwan yi so. Wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu no, eyi betumi aka onyin. Nwi a ɛtɔ, nnadewa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne nyarewa a ɛma nnompe yɛ mmerɛw te sɛ ``(Osteoporosis)`` (nnompe a ɛma nnompe yɛ mmerɛw) nso betumi aba.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ɛtaa de ba wɔ nephrotic syndrome mu?

Sɛ wɔansa a, nsɛnnennen te sɛ:

• `(Acute kidney injury)` - Tebea a asaabo no gyae adwuma yie mpofirim.
• Anemia - Mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛde oxygen kɔ nipadua no akwaa mu a enni hɔ.
• Coronary artery disease - Srade a ɛwɔ ntini a ɛma mogya kɔ koma no mu.
• Hypertension - Mogya nhyɛsoɔ a ɛkɔ soro sene sɛdeɛ ɛteɛ berɛ a ɛnam mogya ntini mu.
• Hypothyroidism - Thyroid gland no ntumi yi thyroid hormone a ɛdɔɔso nkɔ mogya no mu.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde nephrotic syndrome ba?

Mpɛn pii no, saa `(glomeruli)` yi sɛe esiane asaabo mu nyarewa nti. Nnuruyɛfo ne nhwehwɛmufo da so ara nnim nea enti a saa nyarewa yi ka `(glomeruli)` tẽẽ. Saa `(glomeruli)` a asɛe yi ne ade titiriw a ɛde nephrotic syndrome ba. Nyarewa yi bi ne:

• `(Amyloidosis)` : Wɔ eyi mu no, protein bi a wɔfrɛ no amyloid kɔ yɛn akwaa a ɛho hia no mu. Eyi taa si wɔ asaabo mu. Afei tumi a asaabo no tumi yiyi mu no so tew.
• `(Asikreyare a ɛfa nephropathy ho)`Nephropathy: Eyi ne bere a asaabo no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Saa tebea yi ba bere a asikreyare sɛe ntini a ɛwɔ asaabo no mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa no. Eyi betumi ama obi ayɛ mmerɛw, ne ntini ayɛ mmerɛw, na wayɛ yaw.
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) : Eyi ma akuru ba glomeruli no afã nketenkete. Eyi betumi ama asaabo ho ahonhon, asaabo no ayɛ adwuma yiye, na protein a ɛwɔ nsu mu no.
• Lupus : Lupus yɛ yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa. Ɛma nipadua no nyinaa ho hyehye, ɛhoa, na ɛyaw. Ebetumi aka asaabo nso.
• Membranous nephropathy : Wɔ eyi mu no, yɛn nipadua no ankasa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ ntini a ɛtwetwe asaabo no so.
• Minimal change disease (MCD) : Eyi nso yɛ nephropathy bi a asaabo no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Nanso, asaabo mu nhwehwɛmu nkyerɛ sɛ glomeruli anaa asaabo mu ntini no asɛe kɛse. Ɛwom sɛ ebetumi aba wɔ mfe biara mu de, nanso ɛtaa ba mmofra nkumaa so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya nephrotic syndrome?

Nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow pii de hu yare yi:

Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ

Wɔnam nsu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwɛ sɛnea wo nsu no te, nnuru a ɛwom, ne sɛnea ɛte wɔ afiri ketewaa bi mu so na ehu eyi.

• Dipstick test : Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wototo wo ho gu ade titiriw bi mu wɔ oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea anaa ayaresabea. Afei oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo de krataa a wɔde nnuru adura ho (dipstick) gu ade no mu. Sɛ albumin wɔ wo nsu mu a, strip no kɔla bɛsesa.
• Protein mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ nsu mu : Sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔsusu no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi.
• Nsuo a wɔde yɛ nsuo baako : Wɔde eyi kɔ lab. Wɔbɛhwɛ sɛnea `(albumin)` ne `(creatinine)` wɔ wo nsuo mu (`(albumin-to-creatinine ratio)`). Sɛ wowɔ `(albumin)` bɛboro miligram 30 wɔ `(creatinine)` gram biara mu a, ɛno betumi ayɛ ɔhaw.
• Nnɔnhwerew 24 nsu a wɔboaboa ano : Oduruyɛfo no bɛma wo toa bi a wode bɛboaboa wo nsu ano wɔ fie. Da a wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no:
• Ade a edi kan anɔpa, sɛ wosɔre a, tow gu tiafi mu sɛnea wotaa yɛ no.
• Afei tow nsu gu saa toa no mu da mũ nyinaa kosi sɛ wobɛda anadwo.
• Ade kyee anɔpa no, sɛ wosɔre ara pɛ a, tow gu toa koro no ara mu nea etwa to.
• Afei ɛsɛ sɛ wode saa nhwɛsoɔ no kɔ oduruyɛfoɔ adwumayɛbea anaa lab, baabi a wɔsusu `(albumin)` dodoɔ nko ara.

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu

Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de ade teateaa bi fa mogya kakraa bi fi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu no mu. Wɔde kɔ lab bi ma wɔsɔ hwɛ. Sɛ `(albumin)` anaa protein afoforo a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no sua a , ebetumi ayɛ nephrotic syndrome. Wɔsan nso hwɛ srade ne `(triglyceride)` dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu. Sɛ `(albumin)` sua a, eyinom betumi akɔ soro.

Asaabo mu nhwehwɛmu

Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no yi ntini ketewaa bi fi w’asaabo mu na ɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu. Wɔayɛ beae no mmerɛw ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn no, enti worente ɛyaw biara. Ebia wɔbɛma wo nnuru kakra a wode bɛda nso na aboa wo ma woagye w’ahome. Afei oduruyɛfo no de ade bi fa wo honam ani hyɛ w’asaabo mu de fa ntini no mu nhwɛsode no.

Nanso, sɛ wowɔ asikreyare na wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ nephrotic syndrome a, mpɛn pii no ɛho nhia sɛ wɔyɛ asaabo mu nhwehwɛmu. W’aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm, wo nsu mu nhwehwɛmu, ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa ma woahu nephrotic syndrome a asikreyare de ba.

So wobetumi asa nephrotic syndrome?

Eyi nyɛ yare a wotumi sa koraa . Nanso asɛmpa bi wɔ hɔ! Sɛ ɛba mmofra nkumaa so a, ɛtaa kɔ bere a wɔyɛ mmofra, bɛyɛ mfe 18-20.

Ayaresa betumi adi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so na ama asaabo no asɛe bio.

Nea ɛka ayaresa ho ne sɛ wɔbɛsa nea ɛde ba no, wɔtew mogya mmoroso, srade a ɛwɔ nipadua mu, ɔfe, ne asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ɔyare mmoawa no so. Mpɛn pii no, ɛfa nnuru ne nsakrae a wɔyɛ wɔ aduan mu ho .

• Mogya mmoroso nnuru bi betumi aboa ma wɔadi asaabo mu yare a ɛde nephrotic syndrome ba no so. Nhwɛsoɔ:
• `(Angiotensin-dannan enzyme (ACE) a esiw ano)`
• `(Angiotensin agyefo a wɔsiw ano (ARBs))`
• Saa nnuru yi brɛ nhyɛso a ɛwɔ glomeruli no mu ase na ɛtew albumin dodow a ɛkɔ nsu mu no so. Ebia nnipa pii behia nnuru abien anaa abiɛsa na ama wɔatumi asiw wɔn mogya mmoroso so.
• Nea ɛka ACE inhibitor anaa ARB ho no, wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛw wo aduru a ɛma wo ho yɛ hyew . Nnuru a ɛma wo ho yɛ hyew boa w’asaabo ma woyi nsu a ɛboro so fi wo mogya mu. Wobetumi nso aboa ma mogya mmoroso ne ne ho a ɛhoa so atew. Nnuru afoforo a ɛtew mogya mmoroso so ne beta-blockers ne calcium channel blockers .
• Oduruyɛfo no betumi akyerɛw nnuru a wɔfrɛ no ``statin`` a ɛbɛma srade a ɛwɔ mogya mu no so atew.
• Sɛ wowɔ nephrotic syndrome a, ɛyɛ papa nso sɛ wobɛnya influenza (flu) vaccine ne pneumococcal vaccine afe biara. Pneumococcal vaccine no tumi bɔ obi ho ban fi nyarewa a mmoawa a wɔfrɛ wɔn pneumococcus (e.g. aso mu yare, ahurututu mu yare, meningitis) de ba no ho.
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru a ɛma mogya tu (anticoagulants) ama wo, nanso sɛ mogya tu wo nkutoo a, wɔde eyinom ma. Wonsiw nephrotic syndrome anaa ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ano.

So ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye wɔ aduan ne anonne ho?

Adidi ne anonne nni nkɛntɛnso kɛse biara wɔ nephrotic syndrome a ɛba anaasɛ esiw ano wɔ mpanyimfo mu no so. Nanso sɛ wowɔ saa tebea yi a, .Wobetumi atew sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi so denam nsakrae a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ aduan mu no so.

• Sɛ wotew nkyene (sodium) so wɔ w’aduan mu a, ebetumi aboa ma wo ho atew . Sodium a ɛwɔ aduan a yedi mu no mu dodow no ara fi nkyene mu. Nsu pii a wobɛnom nso betumi aboa ma wo ho atew.
• Srade a ɛyɛ den ne srade a ɛwɔ w’aduan mu a wobɛtew so no betumi aboa ma woadi ``hyperlipidemia'' (mogya mu srade a ɛdɔɔso) so. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛto nnuan te sɛ nufusu a srade ayɛ mu ma, nam kɔkɔɔ, nam a wɔayɛ, kyiisi, nnuan a wɔayam, nneɛma a wɔato, ne nnɔkɔnnɔkɔwade ano hye.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so adi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma ne sɛ wobɛnom wo nnuru sɛnea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no . Ɛyɛ papa nso sɛ wubedi aduan a potassium ne protein pii wom, nanso sodium, srade a ɛdɔɔso, ne srade kakraa bi na ɛwom.

Me ho bɛtɔ me ntɛm dɛn wɔ ayaresa akyi?

Eyi gu ahorow gyina nea ɛde nephrotic syndrome ba no so. Ebia nnipa binom befi ase ate nka wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi bere a wɔafi ayaresa ase no. Wɔ afoforo fam no, ebetumi agye adapɛn anaa asram pii mpo. Ɛho hia sɛ wunya abotare.

Dɛn na ɛto obi a ɔwɔ nephrotic syndrome?

Sɛ wohu nnipa a wɔwɔ nephrotic syndrome na wɔsa wɔn yare yiye a, nneɛma pa fi mu ba . Nnipa dodow no ara yɛ wɔn ade yiye wɔ ayaresa ho na wɔkɔ remission (`(remission)`). Eyi kyerɛ sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no kɔ. Sɛ na wowɔ nephrotic syndrome wɔ wo mmofraase, sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no a, ebetumi aba sɛ ebefi hɔ koraa bere a wubedu mpanyin afe so no.

So wobetumi asiw nephrotic syndrome ano?

Wontumi nsiw Nephrotic syndrome ano , nanso tebea horow a ɛde ba no a wɔsa no yiye (e.g., asikreyare, mogya mmoroso) ne nsakrae a wɔyɛ wɔ aduan mu no betumi aboa ma sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no atu mpɔn na asaabo a ɛsɛe no so atew.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ asaabo mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, titiriw nsu a ɛyɛ ahuru ne ɛho wosow, a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro nna kakraa bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara . Dodow a wohu no ntɛm no, dodow no ara na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsa.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa oduruyɛfo no?

Wubetumi abisa nsɛm yi bere a woakɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no:

• "Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ mewɔ nephrotic syndrome?"
• "So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo biara de si wo yare no so dua?"
• "Sɛ minni nephrotic syndrome a, tebea foforo bɛn na metumi anya?"
• "Tebea bɛn na ɛmaa minyaa nephrotic syndrome?"
• "Wosusu sɛ me nephrotic syndrome bɛkɔ remission mu ne ayaresa?"
• "So me ba no nephrotic syndrome no befi hɔ bere a ɔrenyin no?"
• "Nnuru anaa ayaresa bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?"
• "So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ nsakrae biara wɔ m'aduan mu?"

Nsonsonoe a ɛda Nephrotic Syndrome ne Nephritic Syndrome ntam

Eyinom abien nyinaa yɛ tebea horow a ɛka asaabo no.

• Nephrotic syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne protein pii a ɛwɔ nsu mu.
• Nephritic syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne asaabo a ɛyɛ hyew . Mpɛn pii no, ɔyare mmoawa, mogya ntini mu yare, anaa nea ɛporɔw betumi de saa ɔfe yi aba.

Nsonsonoe a ɛda Nephrotic Syndrome ne Glomerulonephritis ntam

Glomerulonephritis nso yɛ asaabo mu yare. Ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ nephrotic syndrome. Nanso, nsonsonoe titiriw no ne protein dodow a wɔayi afi mu no .

• Sɛ wowɔ nephrotic syndrome a, woyi protein bɛboro gram 3.5 fi mu da biara.
• Sɛ wowɔ Glomerulonephritis a, protein a ennu gram 3.5 na efi mu da biara.

Dɛn ne awosu mu yare a ɛma obi nya akisikuru?

Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ awo mu . Ebetumi ama asaabo no ayɛ adwuma yiye daa, na mpɛn pii no wɔadi fi mfe 2 kosi 8. Eyi yɛ asaabo mu yare a wonya fi awo mu. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wɔde fi awofo hɔ ma mmofra.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, ne tiaatwa mu no, nephrotic syndrome yɛ tebea a asaabo no yi protein pii fi nsu mu. Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ yafunu mu yaw, nsu a ɛyɛ ahurututu, ɛho wosow, aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera, ne ɔbrɛ a ɛtaa ba a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro nna kakraa bi a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu. Kae sɛ, sɛ wuhu ntɛm na wosa no a, ebetumi aboa ma w’asaabo anya apɔwmuden na asiw nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den ano . Mma wo ho nnpopo, di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi kɛkɛ. Mepɛ sɛ wo ho tɔ wo ntɛm!

` Nephrotic Syndrome, Asaabo mu Yareɛ, Protein, Nsuo a Ɛhonhon, Nsuo mu Nhwehwɛmu, Mmofra, Nephrotic Syndrome