Sɛ woyɛ ɛna a worebɛwo akokoaa a, ebia wo duruyɛfo no aka nhwehwɛmu ahorow ho asɛm akyerɛ wo. Wɔn mu no, ebia woate sɔhwɛ a wɔfrɛ no ‘NIPT’ no ho asɛm. Ɛnanom pii te ehu nka kakra bere a wɔte saa din yi. Nsɛmmisa te sɛ ‘Dɛn ne eyi?’, ‘So eyi bɛpira akokoaa no?’ bra w’adwene mu. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnhwehwɛ mmuaeɛ a ɛnyɛ den mma nsɛmmisa a wowɔ fa NIPT sɔhwɛ yi ho nyinaa.
Dɛn ne NIPT sɔhwɛ yi?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, NIPT yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu a ɛhwɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ nkwaboaa mu yare bi bɛba akokoaa no mu bere a wanyinsɛn no. Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Wɔyɛ no te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa, denam mogya a wogye fi ɛna no abasa mu no so.
Fa no sɛ, sɛ wunyinsɛn a, wo ba no DNA asinasin nketenkete ka w’ankasa DNA ho wɔ wo mogya mu. Yɛfrɛ eyi ``DNA a nkwammoaa nnim (cfDNA)''. Enti nea NIPT nhwehwɛmu no yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛhwehwɛ wo ba no DNA asinasin yi mu wɔ wo mogya mu na woanya akokoaa no awosu mu nsɛm ho adwene bi.
Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ ara kwa. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛkyerɛ wo sɛ ebia wowɔ asiane mu ma tebea pɔtee bi anaa. Ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hu yare no . Ebetumi nso akyerɛ wo akokoaa (abarimaa anaa abeawa) no bɔbeasu.
Dɛn na NIPT sɔhwɛ no hwehwɛ?
Saa nhwehwɛmu yi ntumi nhu awosu mu yare biara, nanso ebetumi aboa ma wɔahu asiane a ɛwɔ nkwaboaa mu nkwaadɔm a ɛtaa ba pii mu.
| Tebea a Wɔayɛ no Screened | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a Ɛyɛ Mmerewa |
|---|---|
| Down syndrome (Ayaresa a ɛba fam - trisomy 21) . | Tebea a efi chromosome 21 no bi foforo (abiɛsa) a ɛwɔ hɔ sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ abien no mu ba. |
| Edwards yareɛ (Edwards yareɛ - trisomy 18) . | Tebea a efi chromosome abiɛsa a ɛwɔ hɔ mmom sen abien, 18. |
| Patau yare (trisomy 13) . | Tebea a efi chromosome abiɛsa a ɛwɔ hɔ mmom sen abien, 13. |
| Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu nkwaadɔm mu ɔhaw ahorow | Nsonsonoe a ɛba X ne Y chromosome dodow a ɛfata mu. Nhwɛso ahorow: Turner yare, Klinefelter yare. |
Ɛnyɛ NIPT nhwehwɛmu nyinaa na ɛhwɛ eyinom nyinaa, enti ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa na woahu nea wo NIPT bɛhwehwɛ ankasa.
Dɛn nti na wɔyɛ NIPT sɔhwɛ yi? Henanom na eye ma wɔn?
Nhwehwɛmu yi atirimpɔw titiriw ne sɛ wobedi kan ahu sɛ ebia abofra a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya awosu mu yare pɔtee bi anaa. Kan no, na wɔkamfo nhwehwɛmu yi kyerɛ ɛnanom a wɔyem a asiane kɛse wom nkutoo. Ɛyɛ:
- Ɛna a wadi kan awo abofra a ne nipadua mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so.
- Sɛ wohu biribi a ɛnteɛ wɔ akokoaa no mu bere a wɔreyɛ scan no a.
- Sɛ sɔhwɛ foforo a atwam no ada asiane biara adi a.
Nanso, nyansahyɛ a etwa to ne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma ɔbea a onyinsɛn biara a ɔpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu yi hokwan ma ɔyɛ saa, a asiane biara nni ho. Eyi yɛ w’adwene koraa.
Bere bɛn na eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?
Wobetumi ayɛ NIPT bere biara wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 10 akyi . Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi ayɛ no kosi sɛ wɔde bɛma.
Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ awotwaa no DNA nnɔɔso wɔ wo mogya mu ansa na adapɛn 10 adu. Enti, sɛ woyɛ eyi ansa na adapɛn 10 adu a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wubenya nea edi mu.
NIPT sɔhwɛ no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ na ahobammɔ wom dɛn?
Pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ
Sɛnea eyi yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no korɔn yiye. Ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ titiriw wɔ Down syndrome a wohu mu, na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ 99% . Wɔ tebea afoforo mu no, ebia pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ no bɛba fam kakra. Nanso, sɛ wɔde toto nhwehwɛmu afoforo a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔawo (e.g. quad screen) ho a, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya atoro aduru afi NIPT nhwehwɛmu no mu no sua koraa.
Ahwɛyie
Eyi ne ɔhaw kɛse a ɛnanom pii wɔ.
Saa sɔhwɛ yi mfa asiane biara mma akokoaa no.Eyi yɛ 100% ahobammɔ efisɛ wɔde ɛna no mogya nkutoo na ɛyɛ. Ɛnka akokoaa no ɔkwan biara so.
Dɛn na nea efi mu ba no ka?
Mpɛn pii no, egye bɛyɛ adapɛn abien ansa na wɔanya nea efi mu ba. Sɛ wunya nea efi mu ba a, wɔbɛka biribi te sɛ eyi:
- Asiane a ɛba fam / Nea enye: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wo ba no wɔ hokwan a ɛba fam koraa sɛ obenya tebea horow a wɔasɔ ahwɛ no.
- Asiane Kɛse / Adepa: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia wo ba no benya hokwan pɔtee bi sɛ obenya tebea horow a wɔasɔ ahwɛ no mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa.
"High Risk" a efi mu ba no nkyerɛ sɛ akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ akokoaa no wɔ yare no. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ asiane bi wɔ hɔ na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de kyerɛ sɛ yare no wɔ hɔ anaasɛ enni hɔ.
Sɛ asiane no sõ a, dɛn na wobɛyɛ akyi?
Sɛ saa a, wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɛbɛma woanya mmuae a edi mũ a ɛne "yiw" anaa "dabi" akyerɛ wo.
- Amniocentesis: Sɔhwɛ a wɔfa nsu (amniotic fluid) a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia no kakraa bi. Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi ayɛ eyi wɔ adapɛn 15 akyi.
- Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Sɔhwɛ a wɔfa nkwammoaa kakraa bi pɛ fi akokoaa no awotwaa mu. Wɔtaa yɛ eyi wɔ adapɛn 10 kosi 13 ntam.
Wo duruyɛfo bɛka nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ho nsɛm pii akyerɛ wo.
Wobɛyɛ dɛn asi gyinae sɛ wobɛyɛ sɔhwɛ yi anaasɛ worenkɔ?
Asɛyɛde biara nni hɔ sɛ wobɛyɛ sɔhwɛ yi. Eyi yɛ wo ne w’abusua ankasa gyinaesi koraa. Nea ɛbɛboa wo ma woasisi saa gyinae no, bisa wo ho nsɛm yi:
- Sɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛte sɛɛ san ba a "asiane" aba a, anka mɛte nka dɛn?
- Sɛ ɛte saa a, so menya ɔpɛ sɛ mɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛsi so dua te sɛ `Amniocentesis` anaa `CVS`?
- Sɛ mihu ntɛm sɛ me ba no wɔ awosu mu yare bi a, so ɛbɛka me gyinaesi ahorow?
- So nsɛm yi a minim no bɛma madi awerɛhow anaasɛ mahaw? Anaasɛ ɛbɛboa me ma masiesie me ho wɔ adwene ne nipadua mu de ahwɛ akokoaa no?
- Sɛ nnuruyɛfo di kan hu saa nneɛma yi a, ɛbɛboa ma wɔahwɛ akokoaa no yiye wɔ awo akyi?
Fa mmuae a wode ma wɔ nsɛmmisa yi ho no, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee na si gyinae a eye sen biara.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- NIPT yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ahobammɔ wom yiye a wɔyɛ wɔ ɛna a onyinsɛn no mogya so na ɛnpira akokoaa no.
- Eyi fa asiane a ɛwɔ awosu mu tebea horow te sɛ Down syndrome mu ho. Ɛnyɛ nea etwa to a wɔde hu yare no.
- Wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi bere biara wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 10 akyi .
- Mma ɛnhaw wo sɛ nea efi mu ba no ka sɛ "High Risk." Ɛkyerɛ sɛ ehia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii de si yare no so dua.
- Sɛ́ ebia wobɛpaw sɛ wobɛyɛ sɔhwɛ yi anaasɛ worenpaw no yɛ w’ankasa gyinaesi koraa. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen biara a ebia wowɔ ho.
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