Hena ne Nuklea Nnuruyɛfo? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri!

Ebia wontee asɛmfua ‘Nuclear Pharmacist’ ho asɛm da. Anaasɛ, ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no yɛ nhwehwɛmu anaa ayaresa a ɛfa Nuklea Aduruyɛ ho, na ebia woate saa oduruyɛfo titiriw yi ho asɛm. Enti, hena ne Nuklea Nnuruyɛfo? Dɛn ne wɔn dwumadi? So eyi yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro ampa? Mma ɛnhaw wo, yɛbɛka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye so nnɛ, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Hena ne Nuklea Nnuruyɛfo?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nuklea nnuruyɛfoɔ yɛ nnuruyɛfoɔ a wanya nteteeɛ soronko wɔ nnuru a ɛyɛ radioactive a wɔyɛ ne ne kyekyɛ mu, kyerɛ sɛ, ` (Radiopharmaceuticals)` (nnipa binom nso frɛ eyinom `(Radioactive Drugs)`). Kane no, na wɔfrɛ saa nnipa yi `(Radiopharmacist)`. Saa nnuru soronko yi a wɔfrɛ no `(Radiopharmaceuticals), ho hia ma sɔhwɛ ne ayaresa a wɔyɛ wɔ `(Nuclear Medicine)` mu.

Fa no sɛ, yɛde ɔkwan bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Nuclear Medicine Imaging'' di dwuma de hwɛ sɛ akwaa anaa ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa. Wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi pii mu no, wɔma wo aduru bi a saa ade a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden yi wom, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛnom, sɛ wobɛfefe, anaasɛ sɛ wode twitwiw wo mu. Yɛfrɛ eyi ``Radiotracer''. Sɛ eyi hyɛn nipadua no mu a, nnuruyɛfo betumi de mfoninitwa afiri soronko bi ahu na wɔate sɛnea w’akwaa ahorow no yɛ adwuma no ase yiye.

Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ eyi:

• Hwɛ sɛnea wo koma yɛ adwuma.
• Hwɛ sɛ ahurututu mu haw bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Hwehwɛ sɛ w’asaabo reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa.
• Hwɛ sɛnea akisikuru no te .
• Hu thyroid haw ahorow.

Afei nso, wɔde saa nnuru a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden yi sa nyarewa bi. Nea ɛba ne sɛ saa nnuru yi kɔ baabi a nkwammoaa a epira no wɔ no pɛpɛɛpɛ, na ɛsɛe saa nkwammoaa no anaasɛ egyae wɔn nyin. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ` (Radioactive Iodine Therapy)` (aduru a wɔde sa thyroid ntini mu nyarewa bi) ne ` (Brachytherapy)` (aduru a wɔde mframa a ano yɛ den sɛe kokoram nkwammoaa) yɛ eyi ho nhwɛso pa abien.

Dɛn ne Nuklea Nnuruyɛbea yi?

Nuklea Nnuruyɛ yɛ adwuma titiriw bi wɔ Nnuruyɛ adwuma no mu. Nea ɛfa nneɛma a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden a ɛho hia ma nuklea nnuruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa ho a wɔyɛ, wɔyɛ ho adwuma, na wɔkyekyɛ ho titiriw.

Nuklea nnurutɔnbea ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ. Baako ne nea ɛwɔ ayaresabea ahorow no. Afei saa nnurutɔnbea no yɛ ayaresabea no Nuklea Aduruyɛ Dwumadibea no dea. Ɔfoforo no ne nuklea nnurutɔnbea a wɔde aguadi di dwuma no. Eyinom na wɔde nnuru a ɛho hia ma ayaresabea ahorow bi.

Nokwarem no, nuklea nnuruyɛ ho adwene no yɛ foforo kakra wɔ aduruyɛ wiase no mu. Eyinom aba fi 1970 mfe no mu nkutoo.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda nnuruyɛfo a ɔyɛ daa ne nuklea nnuruyɛfo ntam?

Afei ebia woredwene sɛ, "Enti nnuruyɛfo nso yɛ obi a ɔma nnuru, nsonsonoe kɛse bɛn na ɛda abien no ntam?" Yiw, nnuruyɛfo a ɔyɛ daa ne nuklea nnuruyɛfo nyinaa siesie nnuru na wɔde ma sɛnea wɔkyerɛw ma wɔn. Nanso nsonsonoe titiriw ne nnuru ko a wodi ho dwuma.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ wokɔ nnurutɔnbea a wɔyɛ daa a, wɔma wo nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa anaa mogya mmoroso ho nnuru tẽẽ sɛnea oduruyɛfo no akyerɛw wo ama wo no. Nanso nea nuklea nnuruyɛfo yɛ ne sɛ osiesie nnuru a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden (Radiopharmaceuticals) na ɔde ma ayaresabea bi Nuklea Aduruyɛ Dwumadibea. Afei, radiologist (Radiologist) de saa aduru no ma ɔyarefo no sɛ sɔhwɛ anaa ayaresa bi.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, nuklea nnuruyɛfo nya ntetee titiriw a ɛfa mframa a ano yɛ den ho. Wosua nneɛma afoforo pii nso a ɛfa sɛnea wɔde radioactive nneɛma di dwuma ho. Nnuruyɛfo a ɔyɛ daa no nhia ntetee a ɛte sɛɛ.

Dɛn ankasa na nuklea nnuruyɛfo yɛ?

Asɛyɛde ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde ama nuklea nnuruyɛfo. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Nnuru a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden ne nneɛma afoforo a wɔde asie a wɔbɛhwɛ so: Eyi ho hia yiye. Efisɛ, saa nnuru a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden yi nte sɛ nnuru a wɔde di dwuma daa. Wɔn radioactive ahoɔden so tew bere kɔ so (yɛfrɛ wɔn `Decay`). Enti, ɛyɛ wɔn asɛyɛde sɛ wɔkora so yiye, hwɛ nna a ɛbɛba awiei, na wɔhwɛ daa sɛ ɛwɔ dodow a ɛfata mu.
• Radiopharmaceuticals a Wosiesie: Nuklea nnuruyɛfo siesie nnuru yi wɔ dodow a ɛfata ne ɔkwan a ahobammɔ wom so, sɛnea oduruyɛfo no kyerɛ no, ma ɔyarefo, sɔhwɛ, anaa ayaresa pɔtee no. Eyi yɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye.
• Nnuru a wɔde ma sɛnea nnuru a wɔkyerɛw ma wɔn fi nuklea nnuruyɛ ho nnuruyɛfo hɔ te: Wɔhwɛ hu sɛ wɔde nnuru pɔtee no ma, dodow a ɛfata, ne bere a ɛfata mu.
• Nnwinnade a wɔsɔ hwɛ de hwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ papa na ahobammɔ wom: Mfiri bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde yɛ nnuru yi na wɔsusuw. Ɛyɛ wɔn adwuma sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ daa sɛ wɔasusuw ho yiye na ahobammɔ nnim anaa.
• Nneɛma a ebetumi ayɛ asiane a wɔde bedi dwuma yiye: Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ yiye kɛse bere a wɔde nneɛma a ɛma mframa bɔne reyɛ adwuma no. Enti, wɔde asɛyɛde kɛse di saa nneɛma yi ho dwuma, na wɔde ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe ne nnwinnade a ɛfata di dwuma.
• Ansa na oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ mframa a ano yɛ den bɛma no aduru a ɛma mframa bɔne no, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔhwɛ hu sɛ ɔyarefo no asiesie ne ho yiye ama no:Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ ayarefo di akwankyerɛ ahorow bi akyi ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛnsɛ sɛ wodi anaa wɔnnom nsu nkutoo). Wɔsan nso hwɛ biribiara so hwɛ sɛ biribiara kɔ yiye.

Wɔ saa nneɛma yi akyi no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nuklea nnuruyɛfo boa ma wɔkyerɛkyerɛ nuklea nnuruyɛ ho mfiridwumayɛfo ne wɔn a wɔte nuklea nnuruyɛ mu.

Mmeae pii wɔ hɔ a nuklea nnuruyɛfo betumi ayɛ adwuma:

• Wɔ ayaresabea ahorow mu
• Wɔ nuklea nnurutɔnbea atitiriw mu
• Wɔ aduruyɛ sukuu ahorow mu
• Wɔ aban ne ankorankoro nhwehwɛmu asoɛe ahorow mu

So nuklea nnuruyɛ yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho?

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ nnipa pii bɛte ehu nka kakra bere a wɔte asɛmfua "radioactive" no. Ebia wubesusuw nneɛma te sɛ, "Sɛ aduru yi kɔ wo nipadua mu a, dɛn na ɛbɛba?" anaasɛ "So nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ nnurutɔnbea ahorow yi nyɛ yiye?"

Nanso nokwasɛm ne sɛ, ɛwom mpo sɛ nuklea nnuruyɛfo de nneɛma a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma da biara de, nanso mframa a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban no sua koraa. Ɛte saa esiane ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe a emu yɛ den yiye a wodi akyi nti. Afei nso, sɛ wobɛyɛ nuklea nnuruyɛfo a baguafo agye atom a, ɛsɛ sɛ wunya ntetee kɛse wɔ mframa a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban ho.

Kɔbere yɛ ɔkwan a etu mpɔn yiye a wɔfa so siw mframa a efi nneɛma a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden mu ba no ano. Esiane eyi nti, nuklea nnuruyɛfo yɛ adwuma wɔ ahwehwɛ kyɛm soronko a wɔde kɔbere ayɛ akyi. Syringe a wɔde di dwuma mpo de ahwehwɛ syringe kyɛm a kɔbere wom na ɛba. Afei nso, wɔde nnuru a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden sie nkuku titiriw a kɔbere wom mu. Enti, wɔhwɛ ma wɔn ahobammɔ yɛ nea ɛsen biara. Enti ɛho nhia sɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ eyi ho.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn abɛyɛ nuklea nnuruyɛfo?

Eyi nyɛ akwantu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ wobɛyɛ nuklea nnuruyɛfo a, ɛsɛ sɛ wudu ahwehwɛde ahorow bi ho. Wɔn titiriw ne:

• Ɛsɛ sɛ woanya nnuruyɛ ho abodin krataa afi nhomasua asoɛe a wogye tom mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ United States, asoɛe a Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) apene so).
• Ɛsɛ sɛ wunya tumi krataa a ɛfata na ɛyɛ adwuma na ama woatumi ayɛ adwuma sɛ nnuruyɛfo.
• Anyɛ yiye koraa no, nuklea nnuruyɛ hwehwɛ nnɔnhwerew 4,000 ntetee ne osuahu. Eyi yɛ ntetee titiriw a egye bere tenten.
• Ɛsɛ sɛ wutwa sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a ɛfa nuklea nnuruyɛ ho.

Bere a obi awie saa ahwehwɛde ahorow yi nkutoo na wogye tom sɛ ɔyɛ nuklea nnuruyɛfo a baguafo agye atom.

Nuklea nnuruyɛfo baahe na wɔwɔ wiase?

Sɛ nhwɛso no, mprempren wɔ United States no, wobu akontaa sɛ nuklea nnuruyɛfo a wɔagye atom wɔ baguafo hɔ no bɛyɛ 350 kosi 400 na wɔwɔ hɔ. Eyi yɛ adwuma titiriw bi. Saa afuw yi nso renya nkɔso nkakrankakra wɔ Sri Lanka.

Awiei koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ meka kyerɛ wo... (Take-Home Message)

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu ne adwennwen nka kakra bere a wɔka kyerɛ wo sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɔhwɛ anaa ayaresa a ɛfa nneɛma a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden ho no. Yɛn nyinaa te saa asɛm no ase.

Nanso ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ne sɛ wo duruyɛfo (titiriw radiologist no) ne nuklea nnuruyɛfo bi bɛyɛ adwuma abɛn yiye. Wɔbɛbom ahwɛ ahu sɛ nnuru a wɔde radioactive a wɔde ma wo no dodow teɛ na asiane biara nni ho.

Enti, sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa sɔhwɛ yi, nnuru a wɔde di dwuma, anaa ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no nyinaa ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo anaa adwumayɛfo no. Wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo. Wo nimdeɛ ne awerɛkyekye ho hia wɔn yiye.

` Nuklea Nnuruyɛfo, Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuklea Aduruyɛ, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiation Safety, Nnuruyɛfo, Aduruyɛ mu Sɔhwɛ