Na sɛ awuduru bɛhyɛ wo mu nso ɛ? Momma yensua ‘Organophosphate Poisoning’ ho ade!

Yɛn nyinaa de nnuru a ekum mmoawa ne nnuru a ekum wura di dwuma. Ɛte sɛ nea yentumi nyɛ ofie nnwuma anaa kuayɛ a wɔn nka ho. Nanso so woasusuw tebea a asiane wom a ebetumi aba ho pɛn, sɛ nnuru a ɛwɔ saa aduan yi mu no bi kɔ yɛn nipadua mu a? Tebea a ɛyɛ hu a ɛte saa no mu biako na wɔfrɛ no ‘Organophosphate Poisoning’. Ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ asɛmti a anibere wom kakra de, nanso momma yɛnka ho asɛm tiawa na yɛnte ase.

Dɛn ne saa ‘organophosphates’ yi? Ɛhe na wohu wɔn?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ‘Organophosphates’ yɛ nnuru a wɔde afrafra kuw bi. Yɛtaa hu wɔn wɔ:

• Wɔ nnuru a wɔde kum nkoekoemmoa mu: Wɔ nnuru a wɔde siw nkoekoemmoa ano wɔ kuayɛ ne afie mu.
• Wɔ nnuru a ɛpam nkoekoemmoa mu: Wɔ nneɛma a ɛpam nkoekoemmoa te sɛ nwansena ne nwansena mu.
• Wɔ nnuru a ekum wura mu: Nnuru a wɔde kum nwura.
• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia ntini mu nneɛma bi: Eyinom yɛ nnuru a asiane wom a ɛsɛe ntini no na wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔko tebea horow mu.

Sɛ saa ‘organophosphates’ yi hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a, ɛsɛe yɛn ntini ahorow na ɛsɛe ɔkwan a yɛn akwaa ahorow no fa so yɛ adwuma no. Sɛ́ ebia awuduru yi ba bere tiaa bi anaa bere tenten mu no, ebetumi de tebea horow a emu yɛ den te sɛ ɔhome a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye na owu mpo aba.

Dɛn ne organophosphates ahorow a ɛtaa ba a ebetumi ama obi anya awuduru?

Organophosphates ahorow bi a wɔtaa de di dwuma a ɛtaa de awuduru ba ni:

• Chlorpyrifos - Ebia wo nso woate 'Dursban' ho asɛm.
• Diazinon a wɔde di dwuma
• Fenthion na ɔkyerɛwee
• Malathion a wɔfrɛ no Malathion
• Parathion na ɛyɛ adwuma

Wɔ nnuru akodi mu no, organophosphate a wɔfrɛ no ‘Sarin’ na wɔtaa de di dwuma.

Organophosphate awuduru abu so dɛn?

Wɔbɔ awuduru yi ho amanneɛ wɔ wiase nyinaa, titiriw wɔ aman a wɔyɛ kua mu. Nanso seesei a nkurɔfo nim asiane a ɛwɔ nnuru yi mu sen kan no, awuduru dodow so atew kakra. Nanso, eyi da so ara yɛ akwahosan ho haw titiriw.

So wɔda so ara de organophosphates di dwuma?

Yiw, wɔda so ara de organophosphates bi di dwuma wɔ kuayɛ mu sɛ nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa wɔ nnɔbae a wɔde di aduan so. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye paa bere a wode eyinom redi dwuma no.

Dɛn ne ‘Organophosphate Poisoning’ ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Awuduru yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi aka nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu. Ma ɛntra w’adwenem sɛ, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi aba mpofirim anaasɛ ebetumi ada adi nkakrankakra.

• Koma ne ntini nhyehyɛe:
• Koma a ɛbɔ a ɛkɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew.
• Mogya mmoroso a ɛkɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew.
• Koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ.
• Ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini:
• Tipaeɛ.
• Ahomegye a wonni.
• Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho kyere no.
• Nhumu a wɔhwere.
• Coma tebea.
• Ani:
• Nusuo sen.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ.
• Asuafo a wɔatwitwa wɔn ho.
• Yafunu ne dwensɔtwaa nhyehyɛe:
• Yafunu mu yaw.
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe.
• Ayamtuo.
• Genitourinary nhyehyɛe: .
• Nsu a wɔtaa tow anaasɛ nsu a wɔtew so tew.
• Ntini ne nnompe nhyehyɛe:
• Ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ.
• Ntini mu akisikuru.
• Ntini a ɛtwetwe a wontumi nni so (fasciculations).
• Ɔhome nhyehyɛe:
• Hwene a ɛretu, te sɛ atiridii.
• Ahomegye a ɛyɛ hu.
• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa.
• Koko a ɛyɛ den.
• Ɔhome ntɛmntɛm anaa brɛoo sen sɛnea ɛte daa (hyperpnea anaa bradypnea).
• Nsuo a ɛfiri ahurututu mu boro so (bronchorrhea).
• Wedeɛ:
• Fifiri a ɛboro so.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no nya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa bere a woanya organophosphates akyi a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa ‘organophosphates’ yi hyɛn nipadua no mu? Hena na ɔwɔ asiane mu kɛse?

Akwan atitiriw abiɛsa na saa nnuru yi fa so kɔ yɛn nipadua mu:

1. Fa ano anaa hwene mu hyɛn mu: Ɛdenam aduan anaa nsu a eyinom wom a wobɛnom anaa wobɛhome so.

2. Nneɛma a ɛfa honam ani a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu: Sɛ ɛka honam ani mpo a, organophosphates bi betumi akɔ nipadua no mu.

Momma yɛnhwɛ onii a ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya awuduru yi nso:

• Nnipa a wɔtaa de nnuru a ekum mmoawa ne nnuru a ekum wura yɛ adwuma: Akuafo, afuw mu adwumayɛfo, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔko tia mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae no wɔ asiane kɛse mu efisɛ wɔde nnuru yi di dwuma bere nyinaa.
• Wɔn a wɔte mmeae a ɔko anaa amumɔyɛsɛm rekɔ so no fam no: Sɛ wɔde nneɛma te sɛ ‘ntini mu nneɛma’ a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no di dwuma a.
• Wɔn a wɔwe eyinom a wɔn adwene ne sɛ wobepira wɔn ho no: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛyɛ awerɛhow kɛse.

Sɛ wote nka sɛ worepira wo ho anaasɛ woredwene sɛ wobɛkum wo ho a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wo ne obi a wowɔ ne mu ahotosoɔ bɛkasa, anaa wobɛhwehwɛ adwenemyareɛ ho afotuo a ɛyɛ adwumayɛfoɔ. Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara, na nsuro sɛ wobɛsrɛ mmoa.

Sɛ organophosphates hyɛn nipadua no mu a, dɛn na ɛba? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛba bere a saa ‘organophosphates’ yi hyɛn nipadua no mu no. Eyi yɛ nyansahu mu asɛm kakra, nanso mɛka akyerɛ wo wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu.

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a yɛn ntini ahorow no bɛyɛ adwuma yiye no, nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no ‘acetylcholine’ (neurotransmitter). Eyi na ɛhwɛ nneɛma pii so, te sɛ ntini a ɛkeka ne ho. Sɛ saa ‘acetylcholine’ (acetylcholine) yi wie n’adwuma a, enzyme bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘cholinesterase’ ba na ɛbubu. Eyi ma ntini ahorow no san kɔ sɛnea na ɛte kan no na ɛmma ntini ne ntini ahorow no ntumi nkanyan dodo.

Fa no sɛ, wobɛsɔ kanea denam switch bi a wobɛdannan so. Saa ‘cholinesterase’ enzyme yi yɛ adwuma te sɛ nea wudum switch no bere a woawie no.

Afei, sɛ organophosphates hyɛn nipadua no mu a, egyae cholinesterase enzyme no dwumadi. Dɛn na ɛba saa bere no? Sɛ́ anka ɛbɛbubu acetylcholine no, ɛboaboa ano wɔ synapses a ntini mu nkwammoaa di nkitaho no so. Ɛte sɛ nea wɔredum kanea no switch no. Afei ntini ahorow no kanyan dodo, nipadua no nyinaa ntumi nni so, na saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛyɛ hu a madi kan aka ho asɛm no da adi. So wote ase?

Sɛ wɔansa a, nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba?

Sɛ wɔansa organophosphate awuduru no ntɛm a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no betumi ayɛ kɛse na ɛde nkwa mpo ato asiane mu. Ɔhome a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye ne ade titiriw a awuduru yi ma obi wuwu.

Nea ɛka ho no, nsɛnnennen afoforo betumi aba:

• Titiriw ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Nkae a ɛyera
• Ntini mu nyarewa `(Myopathy)`
• Ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no mu yare
• Adwene ne nneyɛe mu yare

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu ‘organophosphate awuduru’ pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Mpɛn pii no, oduruyɛfo gyina wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, nsɛm a ɛfa nnuru a wohyiae ho (sɛ wode nnuru a ekum mmoawa yɛ adwuma a, ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo), ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a mogya mu nhwehwɛmu so hu awuduru yi. Ne titiriw no, mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ de ahwɛ sɛnea acetylcholinesterase dodow wɔ wo mu.

Esiane sɛ organophosphate awuduru ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ te sɛ nyarewa afoforo de nti, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo mfa nhwɛ w’akwahosan nyinaa na wɔahu nea ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba ankasa. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu afoforo
• Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu
• Mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu te sɛ MRI anaa CT scan
• EEG (sɔhwɛ a wɔde kyerɛ amemene no dwumadi) .
• Ntini mu nsu a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu ho nhwehwɛmu (sɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛ ahoɔhare a nkrasɛm fa ntini ahorow no mu) .

Esiane sɛ awuduru yi de nkwa to asiane mu nti, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo betumi afi ase ayɛ ayaresa ansa na wɔanya nhwehwɛmu ho amanneɛbɔ nyinaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa organophosphate awuduru?

Esiane sɛ eyi yɛ nea egye ntɛmpɛ nti, ɛsɛ sɛ wofi ase sa yare no ntɛm ara. Ayaresa atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi apaw:

1. 1. Nnipa a wɔte saa.Decontamination: Eyi ho hia yiye.

• Ntade a woyi fi hɔ: Ɛsɛ sɛ woyi ntade a onipa a awuduru wom no hyɛ nyinaa ntɛm ara, efisɛ ebia nnuru nso agu mu. Ayaresabea adwumayɛfo beyi ntade no dwoodwoo.
• Wo were hohoro: Fa samina ne nsu hohoro wo honam ani yiye, anyɛ yiye koraa no mprɛnsa. Eyi beyi nnuru biara a ɛwɔ honam ani no afi hɔ. Afei wɔbɛma wo ayaresabea atade a ɛho tew a wobɛhyɛ.

2. Nnuru a wɔde sa yare:

• Atropine: Saa aduru yi yɛ adwuma denam ntini ahorow a ɛkanyan boro so a ɛtew so.
• Pralidoxime: Eyi ne aduru a wɔde ko tia organophosphates. Ɛsan ma cholinesterase enzyme a ɛpaapae acetylcholine no yɛ adwuma.
• Wɔnam ‘IV’ so na ɛma saa nnuru abien yi nyinaa, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnam nkyene a wɔde ma wɔ ntini bi mu so.

3. Ayaresa a wɔde sa ahome a ɛyɛ den:

• Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhome a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔde afiri a wɔde home a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔde afiri a wɔde home bɛhyɛ mu na ama mframa kwan no abue.

Bere tenten ahe na egye na obi ho atɔ no wɔ ayaresa akyi?

Eyi gyina sɛnea awuduru no kodu ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so. Ebia nnipa binom ho bɛtɔ wɔn wɔ nna kakraa bi mu, bere a afoforo nso betumi agye adapɛn pii. Wo duruyɛfo na ɔbɛkyerɛ bere a eye sen biara a wode bɛyɛ wo tebea no.

So ebetumi aba sɛ obi benya ahoɔden afi awuduru yi mu koraa?

Yiw, wobetumi anya ahoɔden koraa afi organophosphate awuduru mu. Nanso, asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi asan aba bio anaasɛ ntini a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma no bɛsɛe daa.

W’anidaso a wowɔ sɛ wobɛsan anya ahoɔden no gyina nneɛma pii so:

• Dodow a wɔde hyɛ organophosphates mu.
• Organophosphate ko a wɔdaa no adi.
• Ɔkwan a organophosphates fa so hyɛn nipadua no mu (denam home, fa honam ani, anaa nea wɔwe so).
• W’akwahosan tebea nyinaa wɔ bere a wɔde wo ho ahyɛ mu no.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wohome organophosphates bi a, wubetumi ahu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ntɛmntɛm na emu yɛ den sen sɛ ɛbɛka wo honam ani a.

Sɛnea Wiase Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde no nsɛm kyerɛ no, nnipa dodow a wowuwu esiane organophosphate awuduru nti no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ 2% kosi 25%. Enti , ayaresa a wɔde ma ntɛm no betumi atew nneɛma a ebetumi asɛe nkwa no so kɛse.

So wobetumi asiw Organophosphate Poisoning ano?

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu, titiriw wɔ ɔko tebea mu anaasɛ sɛ wunnim sɛnea wɔde ‘organophosphates’ di dwuma a, eyi betumi ayɛ den sɛ wobɛkwati.

Nanso, sɛ wode nnuru a ɛyɛ hu yi yɛ adwuma a, wubetumi ayɛ nea edidi so yi na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so atew:

• Hyɛ mfiri a ɛbɔ wo ho ban (PPE): nneɛma te sɛ nsateaa ne akatasoɔ.
• Yi ntade biara a ɛne nnuru a ɛwɔ abɔnten no adi nkitaho na sesa ansa na woahyɛn fie hɔ.
• Gware na hohoro wo nipadua yiye bere a wode saa nneɛma yi ayɛ adwuma awie no.
• Hohoro wo nsa yiye ansa na woadi anaa woanom.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ woanya organophosphates a, kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo anaa frɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara. Mma nsɛe bere. Ntwɛn nkosi sɛ wubefi ase ahu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow.

Kae sɛ eyi yɛ tebea a ebetumi de wo nkwa ato asiane mu, enti adeyɛ a wobɛyɛ ntɛm no yɛ ade titiriw.

Nsɛmmisa a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo

Sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no rehyia eyi a, wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm yi:

• Ayaresa bɛn na wɔkamfo kyerɛ ma me?
• So ayaresa no mu nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi ayi awuduru afi mu bere a wɔde ahyɛ mu akyi? (Titiriw wɔ fie tebea mu) .
• Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ organophosphates wɔ m’adwumam?
• Sɛ mede organophosphates yɛ adwuma wɔ adwumam a, ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe bɛn na metumi ayɛ de abɔ me ho ban afi awuduru ho?

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

‘Organophosphate Poisoning’ yɛ asɛm a anibere wom yiye. Nnipa pii a wɔwɔ yɛn man yi mu, titiriw wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ kuayɛ mu no betumi akɔ asiane mu. Saa nnuru yi pira nnipa ne mmoa nyinaa. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ obi hwɛ yiye paa bere a ɔde eyinom redi dwuma no.

Sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no reda organophosphate awuduru ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu. Hwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm ara. Sɛ wɔsa yare ntɛm a, ebetumi asiw nkwa a wɔbɛhwere ano. Tena ase dwoodwoo, tra ase ma wohu!

` Organophosphates, awuduru, nnuru a ekum nkoekoemmoa, nnuru a ekum mmoawa, sɛnkyerɛnne, mmoa a edi kan, ahobammɔ