Ebia ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ wo menewa mu yɛ wo yaw kakra anaasɛ wo ho yɛ wo yaw, ɛnte saa? Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma a ɛtete saa kɔ wɔ nnansa anaa nnansa mu. Nanso so woasusuw pɛn sɛ sɛ wo menewam yɛ wo yaw anaa akuru ketewaa bi wɔ wo kɔn mu a ɛkɔ so adapɛn pii a, ɛnyɛ ade a ɛfata? Wɔ mmere a ɛtete saa mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ yiye kakra. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka tebea bi a ebetumi afi ase wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte saa so ho asɛm, nanso yɛnka ho asɛm pii, a ɛyɛ kokoram a ɛba menewa no mfinimfini fã.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Oropharyngeal Cancer?
Eyi yɛ nyansahu mu din kakra, nanso ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye sɛ wobɛte ase. Wo menewa a wɔfrɛ no aduruyɛ mu sɛ ahurututu no yɛ ne mfinimfini fã a yɛfrɛ no anom. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nea ɛka beae yi ho ne w’ano akyi, a wo tonsils, wo tɛkrɛma akyi, ne w’anom a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ka ho. Sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ beae yi fi ase nyin wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so na wontumi nni so a, wɔfrɛ no Oropharyngeal Cancer .
Eyi hyɛ ti ne kɔn mu kokoram mu. Ɛwom sɛ ayaresa ahorow wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa kokoram yi de, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi asan aba bio bere a wɔawie ayaresa no mpo. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ yehu eyi.
Hwɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi yiye.
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, kokoram yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛwɔ menewam yare a ɛtaa ba mu no, na ɛno nti na nnipa pii bu wɔn ani gu so mfiase no. Nanso sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi kɔ so a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn.
Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, sɛ wote nka sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu. Ɛnyɛ kokoram na ɛde saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi nyinaa ba. Nanso, nyansa wom sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Menewa mu yaw a ɛkɔ so yɛ den | Menewa mu yaw a ɛkɔ so bɛboro adapɛn abien kosi abiɛsa, ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔnom nnuru no. |
| Ɛyɛ den anaa ɛyaw a ɛba wɔ mene mu (Dysphagia) . | Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo menewa mu akisikuru anaa ɛyaw bere a woremene aduan anaa anonne no. |
| Ano a wontumi mmue ano koraa (Trismus) . | Ano a wontumi mmue no yiye esiane ɛyaw anaasɛ ɛyɛ den wɔ anom no fã bere a wobue ano no nti. |
| Mu duru a wɔtew so a ntease biara nnim | Sɛ wo nipadua mu duru so tew a ntease biara nnim, mpo a wunhia aduan anaasɛ wonyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ pii. |
| Nsakrae a ɛba wɔ nne mu | Wo nne kɔ so sesa, te sɛ nea woreyɛ dede na woayɛ abofra. |
| Aso a ɛyɛ yaw | Aso a ɛyɛ yaw a ɛkɔ so tra hɔ a aso mu yare biara nni mu. |
| Akuru a ɛwɔ menewa anaa kɔn mu | Akuru a wotumi te nka wɔ ano, ano akyi, anaa kɔn akyi. |
| Mogya a wɔfefe | Mogya kakra anaasɛ mogya a ɛretu a nsu a ɛyɛ nwini wom. |
| Nsonsonoe fitaa a ɛwɔ ano anaa tɛkrɛma mu | Nsõ fitaa a ɛba ntini a ɛwɔ ano no mu anaa tɛkrɛma so na ɛnkɔ bere a wɔasusuw ho yiye mpo no. |
Dɛn nti na kokoram yi nya? Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde ba?
Wɔahu nneɛma atitiriw pii a ɛde kokoram yi ba.
1. Nnipa Papillomavirus (HPV) .
Ade titiriw a ɛde Oropharyngeal Cancer ba nnɛ neHPV yare mmoawa, titiriw HPV type 16. Sɛ saa mmoawa yi hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a, protein ahorow a ɛyɛ no bi siw awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛhwɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn anom ne yɛn menewam nyin so no dwumadi kwan. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa mmoawa yi dum ‘breki’ a ɛhwɛ sɛnea nkwammoaa mu kyekyɛ ntɛmntɛm so no. Afei nkwammoaa no betumi apaapae a wontumi nni so na abɛyɛ kokoram akisikuru.
2. Tawa a wɔde di dwuma (Tawa) .
Sigaret, sigaret, ne tawa a wɔwe nso yɛ nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde kokoram yi ba. Nnuru a ɛwɔ tawa mu no sɛe nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ wo menewam no. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wo nipadua no asiesie nkwammoaa a asɛe yi no, efi ase kyekyɛ nkwammoaa mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛnea ɛte daa. Sɛ nkwammoaa mu paapae ntɛmntɛm saa a, hokwan kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ mfomso bɛba wɔ saa nkwammoaa no DNA a wɔyɛ no mu. Saa mfomso ahorow no na efi ase kokoram nkwammoaa.
3. Nsã a wɔnom
Nsã a wɔnom betumi asɛe menewa mu nkwammoaa. Titiriw no, nsa ma tumi a nkwammoaa tumi siesie wɔn DNA bere a asɛe no yɛ mmerɛw. Obi a ɔnom nsa bere a ɔnom sigaret no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya kokoram yi. Efisɛ sɛ wɔka saa suban abien yi bom a, nneɛma a wɔsɛe no wɔ nkwammoaa no mu no yɛ mmɔho abien anaa abiɛsa.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo no hu yare yi pɛpɛɛpɛ?
Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo bi a ɔwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a woaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no nkyɛn a, obedi kan abisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm, ne w’asetra kwan (te sɛ sigaretnom ne nsanom) ho asɛm.
Afei, wɔbɛhwɛ w’ano, wo menewa, ne wo kɔn mu yiye. Wɔbɛhwɛ wo kɔn mu sɛ ebia akuru biara wɔ hɔ anaa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi de ahwehwɛ ketewaa bi ne kanea, anaasɛ afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a mfoninitwa afiri abata ho (fiberoptic scope) ahyɛ w’anom de ahwɛ wo menewa mu.
Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ?
Sɛ wosusuw sɛ kokoram wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ne nhwehwɛmu a edi kan akyi a, wo duruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo.
- Endoscopic Biopsy: Eyi ne sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia sen biara a wɔde si yare no so dua. Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde afiri teateaa bi a mfoninitwa afiri abata ho (endoscope) fa menewa no mu na woyi ntini ketewaa bi fi baabi a ɛyɛ hu no. Afei wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ ntini no mu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu de hu sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa anaa HPV mmoawa no wɔ hɔ anaa.
- CT scan (Computed Tomography Scan): Saa scan yi betumi ahu sɛnea kokoram akisikuru no kɛse te ne sɛ ebia atrɛw akɔ ntini a atwa ho ahyia no mu anaa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi ayɛ eyi de aka PET scan ho.
- MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan): Eyi betumi ama nipadua no mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ tonsils ne tɛkrɛma ase ho mfonini a emu da hɔ yiye. MRI boa kɛse ma wonya ntease a edi mu wɔ akisikuru no kɛse ne ne trɛw ho.
Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?
Kokoram yi ayaresa gyina nneɛma pii so, a nea ɛka ho ne baabi a kokoram no wɔ, akisikuru no kɛse, ɔyarefo no HPV tebea, ne n’akwahosan nyinaa. Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ ayaresa mu ne sɛ wobeyi kokoram nkwammoaa no afi hɔ koraa, na wɔrensɛe tumi a obi tumi kasa na ɔmene no kɛse.
1. Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ
Sɛ kokoram no sua na ɛntrɛw a, oprehyɛn a wɔde yi akisikuru no ne ayaresa titiriw. Mprempren, wɔde oprehyɛn kwan a ɛkɔ anim kɛse a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu a wɔfrɛ no Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) di dwuma ma eyi.
Dɛn ne Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) a Wɔyɛ no?
Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no di robɔt abasa bi so na ɔkɔ ɔyarefo no anom koyi akisikuru a ɛwɔ ne menewa mu tɔnn no fi hɔ. Saa kwan yi ma ɛho nhia sɛ wotwa kɔn mu kɛse anaasɛ wotwa anom dompe no sɛnea na ɛte bere bi a atwam no.
| Mfaso ne nsunsuanso bɔne a ɛwɔ TORS oprehyɛn so | |
|---|---|
| Mfaso a ɛwɔ so | Nsunsuanso bɔne/Nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba |
| - a esua bere a wode wo ayaresabea. | - mogya a etu (mogya a etu). |
| - a wotumi nya ahoɔden ntɛm. | - aduane ne anonne a ehyene ahurututu mu (aspiration). |
| - a ennu nsɛe a ɛba ntini a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden a atwa ho ahyia no so. | - a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene (dysphagia). |
| - haw kakraa bi a ewo bere tenten a ewo kasa ne menewa ho. | - nne a yeyera daa anaase kasa mu den. |
2. Mframa a Wɔde Yɛ Ayaresa ne Nnuru a Wɔde Sa Ayaresa
Sɛ akisikuru no sõ, wontumi nyɛ oprehyɛn nyi mfi hɔ, anaasɛ kokoram no atrɛw a, wɔde mframa a wɔde sa yare ne nnuru a wɔde sa yare bom anaasɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan soronko so.
- Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ oprehyɛn: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a akisikuru no bɛyɛ ketewaa na ama oprehyɛn no ayɛ mmerɛw.
- Wɔ oprehyɛn akyi: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛsɛe kokoram nkwammoaa biara a aka.
- Sɛ́ ayaresa titiriw no: wɔ nsɛm a oprehyɛn ntumi nyɛ yiye mu.
Saa ayaresa ahorow yi nso betumi asɛe ntini a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden a ɛwɔ menewam no, na ebetumi ama ayɛ den sɛ ɔbɛkasa na wamene. Ebia ebehia sɛ wohwehwɛ ɔkasa ho ɔyaresafo mmoa.
3. Ayaresa a Wɔde Si N’ani So
Eyi yɛ ayaresa foforo koraa. Nea ɛka ho ne nnuru a wɔde si protein pɔtee bi a ɛboa ma kokoram nkwammoaa nyin, kyekyɛ, na ɛtrɛw, na esiw ne dwumadi ano no ma. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛte sɛ nea wɔatwa ‘ngo’ a ɛkɔ kokoram nkwammoaa ‘engine’ mu no.
4. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa
Eyi nso yɛ ayaresa a ɛkɔ akyiri yiye. Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ ha ne sɛ wɔkanyan wo nipadua no ankasa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no, na ɛnam so ma ehu kokoram nkwammoaa na ɛsɛe. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a kokoram nkwammoaa ‘hintaw’ yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no. Nea saa ayaresa yi yɛ ne sɛ eyi saa ‘akataso’ no na ɛma nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no hu kokoram no.
Dɛn na ɛba wɔ ayaresa akyi? Hokwan ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ne ho bɛtɔ no?
Oropharyngeal cancer yɛ yare a wotumi sa. Nanso, asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛsan aba bio wɔ ayaresa akyi. Enti , nsrahwɛ a wɔde di akyi daa ho hia.
Nkɔmhyɛ no gyina nneɛma pii so:
- Wohu ntɛm: Sɛnea ɛte wɔ kokoram biara ho no, dodow a wohu eyi ntɛm na wofi ase sa yare no, dodow no ara na hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ne ho bɛtɔ no no yɛ kɛse.
- HPV tebea: Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, nnipa a wonya kokoram yi esiane HPV yare mmoawa nti no nkwa nna dɔɔso sen wɔn a wonya kokoram no esiane nneɛma afoforo a ɛnyɛ HPV te sɛ sigaretnom nti.
- Sigaretnom a wɔnnom: Wɔn a wɔtwe wɔn ho fi sigaretnom ho koraa bere a wɔresa wɔn yare ne bere a wɔasa wɔn yare no akyi no nya nea eye.
Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ na ama yɛanya nkwa wɔ kokoram yi mu?
Ɛwom sɛ wontumi nsiw saa kokoram yi ano 100% de, nanso nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de atew asiane no so.
1. Kwati HPV yareɛ: Mprempren aduru bi wɔ hɔ a etu mpɔn paa ma HPV mmoawa no, HPV mmoawa no. Wo ne wo duruyɛfoɔ nkasa fa saa vaccine yi a wobɛnya wɔ wo mmofraaseɛ ho.
2. Gyae sigaretnom koraa: Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyae nnɛ. Sɛ wuhia mmoa a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.
3. To nsa a wonom ano hye: Sɛ wonom nsa a, yɛ saa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Sɛ wɔde nsa ka sigaretnom ho a, asiane wom kɛse.
4. Asetra a ahoɔden wom: Sɛ wudi aduan a ɛkari pɛ na woteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu daa a, ebetumi ama wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ den.
5. Aduruyɛ ne wo sẽ mu nhwehwɛmu daa: Anyɛ yiye koraa no, kɔ wo duruyɛfo ne wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn pɛnkoro afe biara kɔhwɛ w’ano ne wo menewa. Eyi betumi aboa wo ma woahu nsakrae biara ntɛm.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? So ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ ETU?
Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ ne bere a wɔahyɛ sɛ wubedi akyi no akyi yiye wɔ ayaresa akyi.
Sɛ wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn na woanya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi a, kɔ ayaresabea hɔ Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) hɔ ntɛm ara.
- Huraeɛ.
- Kɔkɔɔ, ɛho ahonhon, anaa ɛyaw a emu yɛ den wɔ baabi a wɔyɛɛ oprehyɛn no.
- Nsu bi a ɛte sɛ akisikuru fi kuru a wɔayɛ no oprehyɛn no mu.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Mmu w’ani ngu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ menewa a ɛyɛ yaw a ɛkɔ so, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene, nne a ɛsakra, anaa wo kɔn mu akisikuru so. Sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi kɔ so boro adapɛn abien a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
- Mprempren, ade titiriw a ɛde anom kokoram ba ne HPV. HPV aduru no betumi atew asiane yi so kɛse.
- Sigaretnom ne nsa a wɔnom boro so yɛ kokoram yi atamfo akɛse abien. Saa suban ahorow yi a wubegyae no yɛ sika kɛse a wubetumi de asie no mu biako.
- Mprempren kokoram yi ayaresa a ɛkɔ anim kɛse na edi mu wɔ hɔ, a oprehyɛn, mframa a wɔde sa yare, nnuru a wɔde sa yare, ne TORS, Targeted Therapy, ne Immunotherapy ka ho.
- Sɛ wohu yare yi ntɛm na wɔsa no yiye a , ebetumi aboa ma wɔasa yare yi koraa. Enti, mma wo ho nnpopo, na sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu ntɛm ara.
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