So wo ba no ho ye? Momma yensua Prenatal Tests – Second Trimester ho ade!

Sɛ́ ɛna a ɔbɛyɛ ɛna no, eyi yɛ bere a ɛyɛ nwonwa na ɛyɛ anigye. Ebia w’ani gye ho paa sɛ wubehu sɛ ebia wo ba no reyɛ yiye ne sɛnea ɔrenyin. Ɛno nti na nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔawo no boa yɛn no. Wɔ saa asɛm yi mu no, yɛbɛka sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛho hia a wɔyɛ wɔ wo nyinsɛn no fã a ɛto so abien a ɛwɔ asram a ɛto so anan ne asia ntam no ho asɛm.

Dɛn nti na nhwehwɛmu ho hia wɔ nyinsɛn mu? So wowɔ hokwan sɛ wopaw?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi ama yɛanya w’akwahosan ne wo ba no akwahosan ho nsɛm a ɛsom bo. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ oduruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a, ɛho hia sɛ wubisa mfaso ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwom, ne asiane ahorow a ɛwom nso. Awofo pii hu sɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi yɛ ahotɔ kɛse, na wobetumi aboa wɔn nso ma wɔasiesie wɔn ho ama wɔn ba no mmae. Nanso kae sɛ, wowɔ hokwan sɛ wusi gyinae sɛ wobɛyɛ sɔhwɛ anaasɛ worennyɛ.

Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi a wɔyɛ wɔ nyinsɛn akyi no, wosi so dua na wɔtoa so

Ebia woayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi bi dedaw. Sɛ wodi kan kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bere a woanyinsɛn akyi a, wɔbɛyɛ nyinsɛn mu nhwehwɛmu de akyerɛ sɛ woanyinsɛn. Wɔbɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ nso, a sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔbɛyɛ wɔn akyi berɛmo mu nhwehwɛmu ka ho. Wɔbɛhwɛ wo nsuo mu nso sɛ nneɛma te sɛ protein, asikre, ne ɔyare mmoawa anaa.

Sɛ bere aso sɛ woyɛ Pap smear a, wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ mprempren. Ebetumi ahu nsakrae biara a ɛyɛ kokoram wɔ wo awotwaa mu nkwammoaa mu. Wo duruyɛfoɔ nso bɛhwɛ sɛ nna mu nyarewa (STDs) te sɛ Chlamydia ne Gonorrhea anaa.

Nea ɛka ho no, wɔyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu pii de hwɛ sɛ nneɛma te sɛ:

• Wo mogya ne Rh factor: Fa no sɛ sɛ wo mogya nni Rh na wo kunu mogya nso yɛ Rh a, nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a woyɛ no bi betumi apira wo ba. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, wobetumi asiw eyi ano denam aduru titiriw bi a wɔde bɛma wo bɛyɛ adapɛn 28 wɔ nyinsɛn akyi no so.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ nni hɔ.
• Nyarewa te sɛ Hepatitis B, Syphilis, ne HIV.
• So wowɔ ahobammɔ wɔ Germanfo akisikuru (Rubella) ne akokɔsrade (Varicella / Akokɔsrade) ho.
• Nyarewa te sɛ `Cystic Fibrosis` ne `Spinal Muscular Atrophy` mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ mpo obiara nni abusua no mu a wanya saa nyarewa yi a, mprempren wɔtaa kamfo nhwehwɛmu yi kyerɛ.

Kae sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nyinaa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wo ne wo ba no benya ahobammɔ.

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔyɛ wɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bere biara:

Enkosi sɛ wɔbɛwo akokoaa no, wɔbɛhwɛ wo mu duru, wo mogya mmoroso, ne wo nsu mu nhwehwɛmu bere biara a wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Eyinom betumi aboa ma wɔahu tebea horow te sɛ nyinsɛn mu asikreyare ne preeclampsia (mogya mmoroso bere a wɔyem).

Afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ pɔtee a wɔyɛ ma ɔsram abiɛsa a ɛto so abien (asram 4-6).

Wɔ wo nyinsɛn no fã a ɛto so abien mu no, wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii bio a egyina nneɛma te sɛ wo mfe, w’akwahosan tebea, ne w’abusua aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm so.

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de hwɛ sɛ ɔhaw biara wɔ akokoaa no nkɔso mu: Multiple Marker Test

Eyi nso yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ mogya a wogye fii wo nsam no so. Ebia woate nso sɛ ɛyɛ `Quad Screen` anaa `AFP4`.

• Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ: Wɔtaa yɛ eyi wɔ adapɛn 15 kosi 20 ntam.
• Dɛn na wɔrehwɛ?: Eyi ma yenya asiane titiriw a ɛwɔ ntini mu ntini mu sintɔ te sɛ spina bifida, ne nkwaadɔm mu nyarewa te sɛ Down Syndrome ne Trisomy 18 ho adwene titiriw.
• Wubetumi nso anya adwene a ɛyɛ nokware denam nea efi eyi mu aba ne nea efi sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔyɛe wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan no mu (`Integrated Screening Test`) mu ba a wode bɛka abom no so.

So biribiara ye wɔ akokoaa no mu? – Ultrasound Scan a ɛkɔ akyiri (Level 2 Ultrasound) .

Ebia woate ultrasound scan ho asɛm. Ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ yaw na ahobammɔ wom. Ɛde nnyigyei asorɔkye na ɛyɛ akokoaa no mfonini. Ebetumi ahwɛ sɛnea akokoaa no te ne ne gyinabea.

• Wɔsan frɛ ultrasound scan a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a ɛto so abien mu, a mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ adapɛn 18 kosi 20 ntam no sɛ "Level 2 Ultrasound." Nnipa binom nso frɛ no "Anomaly Scan."
• Dɛn na wɔrehwɛ?: Eyi yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛkɔ akyiri yiye a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia akokoaa no mu akwaa (te sɛ koma, amemene, ne asaabo) nyin yiye ne sɛ ebia akokoaa no nyin sɛnea ɛsɛ anaa.
• Ɛnanom a nyinsɛn a asiane wom kɛse nso betumi ayɛ ultrasound scan mpɛn pii wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a ɛto so abien no mu.

Sɔhwɛ a Wɔde Hwɛ Asikreyare a Ɛwɔ Nyinsɛn Mu

Wɔfrɛ eyi ``Glucose Screening'' sɔhwɛ.

• Dɛn ne ‘nyinsɛn mu asikreyare’?: Eyi yɛ asikreyare a ɛba bere tiaa mu a mmea binom nya bere a wɔyem nkutoo. Sɛ wɔanhu na wɔansa no yiye a, ebetumi de akwahosan ho haw aba akokoaa no so.
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no?: Wɔma wo anonne a asikre wom, na wogye mogya dɔnhwerew biako akyi de hwɛ sɛnea wo glucose dodow te.
• Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ:Wɔtaa yɛ eyi wɔ adapɛn 24 kosi 28. Nanso, sɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya asikreyare a ɛba wo nyinsɛn mu a, wobetumi ayɛ no ntɛm.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔyɛ wɔ asiane tebea horow titiriw mu

Ɛnyɛ obiara na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi. Nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ ɛnanom a wɔwɔ asiane ahorow bi nkutoo.

• Amniocentesis a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu:
• Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ: Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ eyi wɔ adapɛn 15 kosi 20 ntam no, wɔyɛ eyi ma ɛnanom a asiane kɛse wom sɛ wobenya nkwaboaa anaa awosu mu sintɔ ahorow a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no.
• Dɛn na wɔyɛ?: Wɔfa amniotic nsu a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia no mu kakraa bi na wɔsɔ hwɛ.
• Dɛn na wɔrehwehwɛ?: Eyi tumi hu nneɛma te sɛ nkwaboaa mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnteɛ, awosu mu haw ahorow, ne ntini mu ntini mu sintɔ pɔtee. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde hu yare.
• Mogya a Wɔde Fa Awotwaa Mu a Wɔde Fa Honam ani (PUBS):
• Wɔsan frɛ eyi ``cordocentesis.'' Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wobegye mogya afi akokoaa no awotwaa mu na wɔasɔ ahwɛ.
• Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ: Wɔtaa yɛ wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 18 akyi.
• Dɛn nti na wɔyɛ?: Sɛ nea efi nhwehwɛmu afoforo te sɛ amniocentesis mu ba no mu nna hɔ a, wobetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ yi. Nanso, wɔnyɛ no mpɛn pii te sɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo no.

Sɔhwɛ foforo bɛn na wobetumi ayɛ?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Eyi begyina w’ankasa (ne wo hokafo) ankasa aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm ne asiane ahorow so. Ɛho hia titiriw sɛ wo ne awosu ho ɔfotufo kasa sɛ wowɔ asiane mu sɛ wubenya awosu mu tebea horow a.

Sɔhwɛ afoforo bi a wɔahyɛ ho nyansa ni:

• Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔyɛ de Hwɛ Thyroid Nyarewa
• Toxoplasmosis (ɔyare mmoawa a wotumi de fi mmoa mu) .
• `Mmerɛbo mu yare C`
• `Nkwammoaa mu ɔyare mmoawa (CMV)`
• Tay-Sachs yare (awosu mu yare a ɛntaa nsi) .
• Fragile X syndrome (awosu mu tebea) .
• `Nsamanwaw`
• Canavan yare (yare a ɛntaa nsi koraa wɔ ntini mu yare) .

So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nyinaa?

Eyi yɛ asɛmmisa a ɛho hia paa. Kae sɛ, sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nyinaa yɛ "wɔkamfo kyerɛ" ma wo, ɛnyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a "ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ". Gyinaesi no yɛ wo dea.

Ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa ho bere a ɔhyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu no:

• "Oduruyɛfo, adɛn nti na worebisa me sɛ menyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi?"
• "Mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ eyi so? Asiane bɛn na ɛwɔ so?"
• "Dɛn ankasa na metumi ahu afi nea afi eyi mu aba no mu? Dɛn na mintumi nhu?"

Ɛho hia sɛ wubisa saa nsɛm yi na wugyina nsɛm a wo nsa ka so si gyinae a ɛfata. Nnuruyɛfo kamfo nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi kyerɛ bere a wo ne wo ba no yiyedi wɔ w’adwenem.

Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee na paw nea ɛfata wo yiye.

Awiei koraa no, nkrasɛm ahorow bi a wɔde kɔ fie ni:

Nyinsɛn yɛ akwantu a ɛyɛ fɛ. Sɔhwɛ ahorow a woyɛ wɔ akwantu yi mu no yɛ nea ɛbɛboa wo ne wo ba no nkutoo.

• Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔawo yi ma wo ne wo ba no nyinaa nya nsɛm a ɛsom bo pii ne asomdwoe.
• Nsɛm a wubenya afi eyinom mu no bɛboa wo ma woasiesie wo ho ama wo ba no mmae.
• Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛka biribiara akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo no pefee na woadi nokware. Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa nsɛm anaa nsɛm biara a ɛhaw wo.
• Gyinaesi a etwa to no yɛ wo de bere nyinaa.
• Eyi nyinaa akyi no, ɛho hia yiye nso sɛ wodi asetra a ahoɔden wom akyi wɔ nyinsɛn no nyinaa mu.

Yɛpɛ sɛ wo ne wo ba no nya apɔwmuden ne anigye bere!

` Nyinsɛn mu nhwehwɛmu, ɔsram abiɛsa a ɛto so abien, ultrasound, nyinsɛn mu asikreyare, Down syndrome, nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔawo, akokoaa akwahosan