Ebia woanya atiridiinini, aso mu yare, anaa wo menewa mu yaw na woakɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na wɔama wo aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘penicillin’. Ebia wɔama wo ba no nso aduru yi. Enti, dɛn ne ‘penicillin’ yi a nnipa pii a wɔwɔ yɛn man yi mu de di dwuma yi? Dɛn ankasa na ɛyɛ yɛn nipadua? Momma yɛnka ne nyinaa ho asɛm wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu nnɛ.
Aduru bɛn na Penicillin yɛ?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, penicillin yɛ nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa . Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa yɛ aduru bi a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa a akɔ yɛn nipadua mu na ɛsɛe. Susuw mmoawa ho sɛ atamfo dɔm a wɔahyɛn yɛn nipadua mu. Penicillin te sɛ yɛn asraafo a wɔtow hyɛ saa atamfo dɔm no so.
Nnuru ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ a ɛka saa kuw yi ho a wɔfrɛ no penicillin. Wɔtaa frɛ eyinom nyinaa ‘penicillins’. Eyinom yɛ nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa abusua kɛse a wɔfrɛ no `beta-lactams' no mu kuw ketewaa bi.
Yenya saa aduru yi wɔ akwan horow so.
- Ɔkwan a wɔfa so de ano: Nnuru anaa srade a yɛtaa de di dwuma wɔ fie.
- Intravenous (IV) form: Aduru a oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo a ɔwɔ ayaresabea anaa ayaresabea de ma tẽẽ kɔ ntini mu.
Nyarewa bɛn na wɔde penicillin di dwuma?
Nnuruyɛfo kyerɛw penicillin ma nyarewa ahorow a mmoawa de ba. Ebia woate saa yare yi ho asɛm pɛn. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛyɛ.
| Nsaneɛ | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Menewa mu nyarewa (Strep throat) . | Ɔyare mmoawa a ɛma ne menewa mu yɛ no yaw na ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛmene. |
| Aso mu yare (Otitis media) . | Aso mu yare ne aso mu yaw abu so, titiriw wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu. |
| Nsuo mu Nyarewa (UTIs) . | Ɔyare mmoawa a ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu a ɛyɛ hyew ne nsu a wɔtaa tow ba. |
| Ahurututu mu yare | Ɔyare mmoawa a ɛka ahurututu, na ɛma ɔfe na ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome. |
| Boils ne honam ani yare (Staph infections) . | Nneɛma te sɛ honam ani akisikuru ne akuru a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. |
| Nyarewa afoforo a emu yɛ den | Wɔde di dwuma nso ma tebea horow te sɛ meningitis, Salmonella, syphilis, gonorrhea, ne ntini mu yare. |
So penicillin ahorow bi wɔ hɔ?
Yiw, penicillin ahorow atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ. Wogyina sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn ne mmoawa ahorow a wobetumi akum wɔn so na ɛyɛ saa mpaapaemu yi.
1. Abɔde mu Penicillin
Eyinom nyɛ nnipa na wɔyɛe. Wodii kan huu wɔn wɔ nkuku bi a wohu wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu mu. Nyansahufo yi penicillin no nkutoo fi saa nkuku no mu na wɔyɛ nnuru. Penicillin G (a wɔde fa ntini mu) ne Penicillin V (wɔde fa anom) yɛ eyi ho nhwɛso.
2. Penicillin a wɔayɛ no fã bi
Wɔnam abɔde mu penicillin a wɔfa na wɔsesa mu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu ma ɛyɛ den na etu mpɔn kɛse wɔ mmoawa ahorow pii ho na ɛyɛ eyinom. Nkyekyɛm nketewa afoforo nso wɔ hɔ:
- Aminopenicillins: Eyinom ne nea wonim no yiye wɔ yɛn mu. Ebia woate Amoxicillin ne Ampicillin ho asɛm . Nnuruyɛfo kyerɛw eyinom ma nyarewa pii a ɛtaa ba, te sɛ aso mu yare ne nsu mu yare.
- Penicillin a ɛko tia penicillinase: Mmoawa bi yɛ enzyme (penicillinase) a ɛsɛe penicillin. Wɔayɛ saa ɔkwan yi sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a saa enzyme no rentumi nsɛe no. Nnuru te sɛ `Nafcillin` ne `oxacillin` ka kuw yi ho.
- Extended-spectrum penicillins: Wɔde eyinom sa ɔyare mmoawa a emu yɛ den a ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa. `Piperacillin` yɛ nnuru a ɛte saa no mu biako.
3. Penicillin a Wɔaka abom
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔde penicillin ka aduru foforo ho ma. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ mmoawa binom nya ahoɔden a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban fi penicillin ho. Wɔde aduru foforo no ka ho de bubu saa akwan a wɔfa so bɔ wɔn ho ban no. Ebia wɔama wo aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no Augmentin® (amoxicillin ne clavulanic acid a wɔaka abom). Ɛyɛ aduru a wɔde ka bom.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa aduru yi yɛ adwuma wɔ nipadua no mu?
Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Penicillin no kɔ ɔyare mmoawa no nkwammoaa fasu mu tẽẽ na ɛbata ho. Fa mmoawa sɛ ofie a afasu atwa ho ahyia. Nea penicillin yɛ ne sɛ ɛsɛe saa ɔfasu no. Sɛnea biribiara tumi kɔ ofie no mu bere a wɔabubu ɔfasu no, sɛ nkwammoaa no fasu asɛe a, mmoawa no ntumi ntra ase na wɔsɛe.
Nanso ɔhaw ketewaa bi wɔ ha. Bere kɔ so no, mmoawa bi asua sɛnea wɔko tia penicillin ntua yi. Ɛne sɛ, wɔanya akwan a wɔbɛfa so aguan afi mu bere a aduru no aba no. Yɛfrɛ eyi nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a ɛko tia . Eyi yɛ akwahosan ho haw kɛse. Mmoawa ahodoɔ bi te sɛ `MRSA`, tumi gyina penicillin ahodoɔ pii ano, na ɛma ɛyɛ den paa sɛ wɔbɛsa saa nyarewa no.
Dɛn ne nsunsuanso bɔne a ebetumi afi penicillin mu aba?
Te sɛ aduru biara no, penicillin betumi de ɔhaw nketenkete aba. Nanso, ɛnyɛ obiara na onya bi. Nea ɛtaa ba ne:
- Abofono
- Ɔfe a wɔfe
- Ayamtuo
- Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
- Nsakrae wɔ aduan dɛ anaa ne hua mu
- Tipaeɛ
Mpɛn pii no, saa nsunsuanso bɔne yi nyɛ aniberesɛm. Sɛ wode aduru no ka aduan ho a, ebetumi aboa ma nneɛma te sɛ akisikuru so atew. Nanso sɛ nsunsuanso bɔne no haw wo a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa .
Asiane bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ yiye wɔ ho titiriw?
Nneɛma abiɛsa wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ so titiriw bere a yɛde penicillin redi dwuma no.
1. Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew
Eyi ne asiane a emu yɛ den sen biara. Ɛwom sɛ nnipa pii ka sɛ wɔn ho nyɛ wɔn den wɔ penicillin ho de, nanso nnipa kakraa bi pɛ na wɔn ho yɛ wɔn den saa ankasa. Nanso sɛ wowɔ allergy a, ebetumi ayɛ asiane. Sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔfe, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, akisikuru a ɛtrɛw wɔ wo nipadua nyinaa so, ne w’anim hohoro , ebetumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew kɛse. Sɛ ɛba saa a, kɔ ayaresabea dan a ɛbɛn hɔ a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mu (ETU) ntɛm ara.
2. C. diff ɔyare mmoawa
Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ nwonwa kakra. Sɛ yɛnom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a, mmoawa pa a wɔwɔ yɛn dwensɔtwaa mu no nso tumi wuwu. Eyi ma mmoawa bɔne bi a wɔfrɛ no Clostridium difficile (C. diff) nyin a wontumi nni so. Eyi betumi ama obi anya akisikuru a emu yɛ den, yafunu mu yaw kɛse, ne atiridiinini . Eyi nso yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den. Sɛ wo dwensɔtwaa a emu yɛ den bere a worenom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
3. Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a wɔko tia
Sɛnea madi kan aka no, eyi yɛ ɔhaw kɛse. Sɛ yɛnom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa bere a ɛho nhia (sɛ nhwɛso no, ma atiridiinini a ɔyare mmoawa de ba), anaasɛ yegyae aduru no nom ansa na oduruyɛfo no akyerɛw ama yɛn a, mmoawa no nya hokwan sɛ wɔbɛko atia aduru no.
Ɛho hia paa: Sɛ wo ho tɔ wo mpo a, fa aduru no sɛnea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ nna dodow no nyinaa. Sɛ woannyɛ saa a, mmoawa a aka wɔ wo nipadua mu no betumi ayɛ den na ama ɔyare mmoawa no asan aba. Ebia aduru no rentumi nyɛ adwuma bere foforo.
Mmere bɛn na eye sen biara a wubetumi akɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?
Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛbɔ wo duruyɛfo amanneɛ anaasɛ wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ wo wɔ nsɛm a edidi so yi mu.
| Akwannya | Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ |
|---|---|
| Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa fa sɛnea wobɛnom aduru no ho a | Bisa wo duruyɛfo no ma onsi so dua yiye. |
| Sɛ nnuru a wɔbɛnom no yɛ den esiane nea efi mu ba nti | Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa ansa na woagyae aduru no. Ɔbɛma wo ɔkwan foforo a ɔbɛfa so ayɛ saa. |
| Sɛ wowɔ atiridiinini a emu yɛ den a | Sɛ wo ho yɛ wo yaw mpɛn pii da biara anaasɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsu atɔ wo (anofafa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, w’ani a akɔ fam) a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara. |
| Sɛ allergy ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow da adi a | Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a emu yɛ den te sɛ ahome a ɛyɛ den, ɔfe, anaa w’anim hohoro , kɔ ayaresabea Dwumadibea a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ntɛm ara. |
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Penicillin yɛ aduru a ɛho hia yiye a wɔde kum ɔyare mmoawa a wɔde ma wɔ ɔyare mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba ho. Ɛnyɛ adwuma mma ɔyare mmoawa (te sɛ atiridiinini).
- Fa nnuru dodow pɔtee a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no di dwuma ma ayaresa no nyinaa. Sɛ wo ho tɔ wo mpo a, nnyae aduru no nom.
- Sɛ wunya ɔhaw biara te sɛ akisikuru bere a worenom aduru no a, fa ka aduan ho. Sɛ ɔhaw no kɔ so a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
- Sɛ wunya akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den te sɛ ahome a ɛyɛ den, w’anim hohoro, anaasɛ akisikuru a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.
- Mfa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a aka a efi yare bi a woadi kan anya mu nni dwuma mma yare foforo a wunni oduruyɛfo afotu.
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