Sɛ woyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a, ɛtɔ da bi a yehu nsɛmfua a yennim wɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu, ɛnte saa? Ebia na w'amanneɛbɔ no nso wɔ asɛmfua `Polychromasia` anaa `Polychromatophilia`. Ebetumi ayɛ hu kakra bere a wuhu no. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm nnɛ ara kwa.

Dɛn ne `Polychromasia`?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `Polychromasia` kyerɛ sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no wɔ kɔla ahorow. Wohu eyi bere a wɔfa wo mogya bi, de gu ahwehwɛ a wɔde twetwe nneɛma so, de aduru titiriw bi gu so, na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ no. Yɛfrɛ saa sɔhwɛ yi `Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS)`.

Mpɛn pii no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden, a nyin yiye no da adi sɛ pink wɔ `PBS` mu. Nanso, sɛ `Polychromasia` wɔ hɔ a, wɔ saa nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ pink yi mu no, wubetumi ahu nkwammoaa kakraa bi a ɛte sɛ bruu, bruu-akuturuku, anaa kɔkɔɔ . Saa nkwammoaa a ɛsono wɔn kɔla yi taa yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wonnyinii . Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, yɛfrɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ennyinii yi `Reticulocytes`.

Polychromasia kyerɛ ankasa sɛ wo nnompe mu ntini no regyae mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ foforo a ennyinii (Reticulocytes) akɔ wo mogya mu ntɛmntɛm dodo. Wunim, nnompe mu ntini yɛ wo nipadua no fã a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ spongy a ɛwɔ nnompe akɛse no mu. Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu nyinaa yɛ nnompe mu. Ɛte sɛ adwumayɛbea.

Dɛn nti na mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi te sɛ bruu?

Afei ebia woresusuw nea enti a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ennyinii (`Reticulocytes`) yi te sɛ bruu no ho. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ saa `Reticulocytes` yi wɔ awosu mu nneɛma a wɔfrɛ no `RNA`. Sɛ wɔne `PBS` stain no yɛ wɔn ade a, saa `RNA` yi dan bruu. Saa `RNA` yi te sɛ bere tiaa mu nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa no mu. Sɛ `Reticulocyte` nyin na ɛbɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ pɛ a, saa `RNA` yi yera.

Ɛho hia sɛ wohu saa `Reticulocytes` yi wɔ `PBS` mu. Efisɛ, `Reticulocytes` yɛ nkwammoaa kuw bi a wontumi mfa oxygen nkɔ yiye te sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛho akokwaw koraa. Adwuma titiriw a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yɛ ne sɛ ɛde mframa pa kɔ yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa biara mu. Enti, sɛ yɛwɔ nkwammoaa a wɔnnyinii pii a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ saa adwuma no yiye.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde `Polychromasia` ba?

Polychromasia betumi ayɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛda adi ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Saa tebea yi ma wo nnompe mu ntini no yi mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ennyinii kɔ wo mogya mu ntɛmntɛm dodo. Mpɛn pii no, eyi ba bere a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛho akokwaw dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so tew no. Nipadua no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛtua ka denam reticulocytes a eyi fi wo nnompe mu ntɛmntɛm kɔ wo mogya mu no so.

Nneɛma bi a enti ebia wubehu `Polychromasia` ni:

• Hemolytic Anemia: Eyi yɛ mogya mu yare. Ɛha na mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ sɛe ntɛm. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa ɔsɛe yi tumi ba ntɛmntɛm a nipadua no ntumi nyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ foforo. Eyi de mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ba. Hemolytic anemia nso betumi afi awosu mu tebea horow te sɛ Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH), Thalassemia, ne Sickle Cell Disease mu aba. Ebetumi nso afi ɔyare mmoawa bi ne nnuru bi mu aba.
• Mogya a ɛyera kɛse: Sɛ mogya tu dodo wɔ nipadua no mu anaa akyi a, wɔkanyan nnompe mu ntini no ma ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no yɛ kɛse. Afei wogyae reticulocytes kɔ mogya no mu de si mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ayera no ananmu. Fa no sɛ, sɛ wohwere mogya pii wɔ akwanhyia kɛse bi mu a, eyi betumi asi.
• Kokoram: Kokoram ahorow bi betumi atrɛw akɔ nnompe mu na asiw mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wɔyɛ no kwan, anaasɛ ebetumi apia mogya mu nkwammoaa a ennyinii akɔ mogya no mu.
• Nyinsɛn: Ɛtaa ba sɛ `Reticulocytes` dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no dɔɔso kakra sen sɛnea ɛte daa wɔ nyinsɛn mu. Mpɛn pii no, eyi nyɛ ade a ɛhaw adwene.
• Sɛ wɔtra mmeae a ɛkorɔn: Oxygen dodow sua wɔ mmeae a ɛkorɔn. Nipadua no betumi ayɛ nsakrae wɔ oxygen a enni mu no mu denam mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛma ɛyɛ kɛse na ɛma reticulocytes kɔ mogya no mu no so.

Aduannuru a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yɛ kɛse

Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wohyɛ aseɛ nom vitamin ne nnuru a wɔde ka ho a ɛhia na ama woanya mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ papa a, wobɛtumi ahunu ``Polychromasia'' wɔ wo mogya amanneɛbɔ so. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wo nipadua reyɛ n’ade. Sɛ wunnya saa aduannuru yi nnɔɔso mfi nnuan a wudi mu a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ wo sɛ:

• Vitamin B12 (`Vitamin B12`) a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.
• Folic acid (`Asidi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu`) .
• Dadeɛ

Saa aduannuru yi ho hia na ama wɔanya mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, dade boa ma wɔyɛ hemoglobin, protein a ɛde oxygen kɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu no. Vitamin B12 ne folic acid ho hia na ama mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu apaapae na anyin.

Dɛn ne `Polychromasia` ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Polychromasia ho sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee biara nni hɔ. Nanso, wubetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a efi tebea bi a ɛda adi te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a ɛde Polychromasia ba.

Eyinom ne mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba:

• Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Tipaeɛ
• Mmerewa anaa ɔbrɛ
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (Dyspnea) .
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm (Tachycardia) .
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa anaasɛ ne ti a ɛyɛ hare
• Mogya mmoroso a ɛba fam (Hypotension) .
• Wora a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa aniwa fitaa (Jaundice) - Wohu eyi titiriw wɔ Hemolytic Anemia mu.
• Akisikuru (`Splenomegaly`) anaa mmerɛbo (`Hepatomegaly`) a ɛyɛ kɛse

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ koraa. Ne nyinaa gyina tebea a ɛde polychromasia bae ne sɛnea emu yɛ den no so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobehu `Polychromasia`?

Nnuruyɛfo betumi ahu sɛ wowɔ polychromasia afi nea efi PBS (peripheral blood smear) nhwehwɛmu mu ba no mu. Eyi bɛkyerɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ bruu tuntum anaa bruu-akuturuku (a wɔfrɛ no reticulocytes) wɔ wo mogya mu, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛho akokwaw a ɛyɛ pink a ɛteɛ no.

Kae sɛ, `Polychromasia` yɛ biribi a wohu wɔ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mu, na ɛnyɛ `diagnosis` ankasa.

Enti, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na aboa ma wɔahu nea ɛde wo tebea no ba. Obebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, ne nnuru biara a wonom ho asɛm. Wobetumi ayɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu nso de ahwɛ sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ mogya a ɛma mogya tu (te sɛ akyi berɛmo anaa mmerɛbo a ayɛ kɛse) ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Nhwehwɛmu pɔtee a wobɛyɛ no begyina nea ɛde ba a wosusuw sɛ ɛrenya reticulocytes a efi wo nnompe mu ntini mu no so nkɛntɛnso.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa Polychromasia?

Ayaresa no gyina nea ɛde wo polychromasia no ba so. Sɛ nea ɛde ba ne mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a ɛnyɛ den na wunni sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw biara a, ebia wunhia ayaresa. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a emu yɛ den a ɛde wo polychromasia reba a, wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo ayaresa a ɛfata akyerɛ wo.

Wobetumi de eyinom adi dwuma sɛ ayaresa:

• Mogya a wɔde ma: Wɔ awo mu tebea horow bi te sɛ Sickle Cell Disease anaasɛ mogya tu kɛse mu.
• Corticosteroids: Wɔ tebea horow te sɛ Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, baabi a wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no sɛe w’ankasa mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu.
• Nnuru a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Wobetumi de eyinom ama bere a nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no resɛe mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ na ayaresa te sɛ corticosteroids ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye no.

Sɛ ɔyare mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae na ɛde polychromasia ba a, ebia nnuru pɔtee bi ho behia ama saa ɔyare no. Sɛ aduru bi na ɛde tebea no ba a, ebia ebehia sɛ wugyae saa aduru no nom anaasɛ wodan kɔ aduru foforo so. Nanso, nnyae nnuru biara a wobɛnom da a wunnya wo duruyɛfo afotu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo kwan yiye.

So ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro `Polychromasia`?

Ɛnyɛ nea ɛho hia ankasa. Polychromasia betumi ayɛ mogya mu yare bi a ehia sɛ wɔsa ho sɛnkyerɛnne, anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ biribi a asiane biara nni ho koraa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ woanyinsɛn anaasɛ woafi ase renom nnuru a wɔde dade ma no nkyɛe a, eyi betumi ayɛ nea ɛfata.

Wo duruyɛfo bɛka nea afi mu aba yi ho asɛm akyerɛ wo na wakyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ ebia ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wohaw wo ho anaasɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua no mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɔbrɛ, wo ho yɛ fitaa, ne ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa a, yɛ nhyehyɛe kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Saa bere yi de, ntwa wo afe afe nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no so. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo mogya nkwammoaa denam nhwehwɛmu te sɛ PBS a ɔbɛyɛ so sɛ ɛho hia a.

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ho amanneɛbɔ betumi ama woanya w’akwahosan nyinaa ho nsɛm pii. Wobetumi nso aboa wo ma woahu mogya mu tebea horow a ebia ebehia sɛ wɔsa no ntɛm.

Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a (Take-Home Message) .

Mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu bere a wuhu asɛmfua `Polychromasia` wɔ wo mogya amanneɛbɔ so no. Kae:

• ``Polychromasia'' yɛ nkyerɛkyerɛmu, ɛnyɛ nhwehwɛmu. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ wowɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ennyinii pii sen sɛnea ɛte daa wɔ wo mogya mu.
• Eyi betumi ayɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛda adi ho sɛnkyerɛnne, anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ biribi a asiane biara nni ho na ɛyɛ bere tiaa mu de.
• Sɛ wowɔ eyi ho dadwen bi a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Obetumi akyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea nea efi mu ba yi ka wo no mu.

Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo no di nkitaho pa bere nyinaa. Wɔn na wɔte w’akwahosan ase yiye.

` Polychromasia, Mogya mu Nkwammoaa Kɔkɔɔ, Mogya mu Nhwehwɛmu, Reticulocytes, Nnompe mu Ntini, Mogya a Wɔyare