So wo nso woreserew denneennen anaasɛ woredi awerɛhow? Eyi betumi ayɛ Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA)!

So woahu, anaa woanya serew a ɛpae mpofirim a ntease biara nnim, anaasɛ osu a ɛpae a wuntumi nni so pɛn? Ɛtɔ da bi a, woyɛ w’ade wɔ biribi ketewaa bi ho sen awerɛhow anaa anigye a wote nka no. Sɛ woanya saa osuahu yi a, ɛho hia sɛ wuhu tebea a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ, Pseudobulbar Affect, anaa PBA tiawa no ho asɛm.

So wunim nea Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) yɛ?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) yɛ ntini mu yare a ɛma woserew anaasɛ wusu a wuntumi nni so, wɔ ɔkwan a ɛne wo nkate ankasa nhyia so. Fa no sɛ wowɔ tebea a ɛyɛ awerɛhow mu, nanso wuntumi nnyae serew. Anaasɛ, wowɔ apontow bi a anigye wom ase, nanso wote nka sɛ wubesu bere nyinaa. Eyi ne PBA ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw.

Amemene no a ɛsɛe anaasɛ ntini mu yare foforo na ɛde tebea yi ba. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, obi a ɔwɔ yareɛ te sɛ ``Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)`` betumi anya saa tebea yi.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛwom mpo sɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea serew anaa osu yi fata saa bere no de, nanso ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedi so sen sɛnea wɔtaa yɛ no. Afei nso, saa nkate horow yi betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den yiye na ɛkyɛ sen sɛnea ɛtaa ba . Ɛte sɛ nea woadan tap na wuntumi nsiw ano.

Wɔde din afoforo pii nso frɛ PBA:

• Nkate mu mmerɛwyɛ
• Pathological serew ne osu
• Nkate mu nsɛm a wɔda no adi a ɛnyɛ nea wɔpɛ
• Ɔserew anaa osu a wɔhyɛ obi ma ɔyɛ
• Nkate mu a wontumi nhyɛ ne ho so (nkate a wontumi nni so) .

PBA betumi anya w’asetra, w’abusua, ne wɔn a wɔhwɛ wo so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Ebetumi ama obi anya aniwu, adwennwen , ne tew a ɔtew ne ho mpo.

PBA abu so dɛn?

Nhwehwɛmufo bu akontaa sɛ nnipa ɔpepem 2 kosi 7 na wɔwɔ United States nkutoo na wɔwɔ PBA. Nea enti a dodow a ɛtrɛw yi ne sɛ PBA gu ahorow wɔ sɛnea emu yɛ den mu na wonhu no yiye. Ebetumi aba sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi wɔ Sri Lanka nso nnya ayaresa esiane nimdeɛ a wonni nti.

Henanom na PBA ka no kɛse?

Saa tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) no betumi aka obiara a wadi mfe biara, a mmofra ne mpanyimfo ka ho, a ntini mu yare bi wɔ amemene no mu.

Sɛnea nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi no:

• Nnipa a wɔwɔ Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) no mu bɛyɛ 50% betumi anya PBA.
• Nnipa bɛyɛ 48% a wɔwɔ amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu (TBI) anaa amemene mu opira a emu yɛ den.
• Saa tebea yi ka nnipa a wɔwɔ Multiple Sclerosis (MS) bɛyɛ 46%.

So Pseudobulbar Affect yɛ adwenemyare?

Ebia nnipa binom besusuw sɛ PBA yɛ adwenemyare. Efisɛ saa nneɛma yi te sɛ serew ne osu ne yɛn adwene wɔ abusuabɔ. Nanso, esiane sɛ PBA fi ntini a ɛwɔ amemene no mu a ɛsɛe nti , wɔkyekyɛ mu sɛ `neuropsychiatric syndrome`, kyerɛ sɛ, neuropsychiatric sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wɔaboaboa ano. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, PBA yɛ nkate mu ɔhaw a ɛba bere a amemene mu tebea bi ba.

Dɛn ne PBA ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Sɛ yɛbɛte PBA ase a, ɛho hia sɛ wohu nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda ‘adwene’ ne ‘ɛka’ ntam. Adwene ne atenka a wowɔ wɔ wo mu. Ɛne sɛ, nneɛma a wo nkutoo na wubetumi ate nka, te sɛ awerɛhow, abufuw, anaa anigye. Affect yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so da wo nkate adi wɔ abɔnten, te sɛ serew anaa osu, a afoforo tumi hu.

Enti, Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne nkate horow (affect) a ɛne wo nkate anaa wo nkate horow a emu yɛ den nhyia a wɔda no adi. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba ne osu ne serew.

Saa serew ne/anaasɛ osu yi betumi ayɛ te sɛ eyi:

• Nea wɔnhwɛ kwan, mpofirim, na wontumi nni so.
• Ɛdɔɔso dodo ma adeyɛ no. (e.g. serew nnɔnhwerew pii wɔ aseresɛm ketewaa bi ho)
• Ɛba a ntease biara nnim.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, abufuw anaa abasamtu a wontumi nni so tumi sɔre.

Esiane sɛ mpɛn pii no, PBA ne ntini mu yare bi a ɛda adi te sɛ amemene mu opira anaa amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) wɔ abusuabɔ nti, nnipa a wɔwɔ PBA nso betumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo a ɛfa tebea a ɛhyɛ ase no ho.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde PBA ba?

Nhwehwɛmufo da so ara nnim nea ɛde Pseudobulbar Affect ba ankasa . Wosusuw sɛ ɛnam ntini mu akwan a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu a ɛhwɛ nkate ahorow a wɔda no adi so no mu ba.

Ntini mu tebea horow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛbata PBA ho a ebetumi de saa basabasayɛ ahorow yi aba:

• Amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a wɔsan frɛ no Lou Gehrig yare.
• Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho kyere no (MS) .
• Alzheimer yare ne adwenemhaw afoforo
• Nnwodwoɔ
• Parkinson yare a ɛma obi nya yare
• Amemene mu akisikuru
• Akisikuru
• Wilson yare no

Amemene no afã horow bɛn na PBA ka?

Wosusuw sɛ ɛda adi kɛse sɛ PBA ka amemene no mmeae ahorow a ɛwɔ amemene-ponto-amemene no kwan no so.

Saa kwan yi fã bi ne yɛn amemene ketewa (Cerebellum).Wɔyɛ eyi denam yɛn nkate mu mmuae a yɛbɛhwɛ so na yɛahwɛ ahu sɛ ɛfata asetra mu tebea no so. Sɛ ntini akwan a efi amemene no mmeae bi kɔ amemene no mu no sɛe a, wobetumi ahwere nkate horow a wɔda no adi no so tumi.

Bio nso, ebia ntini mu nkwaadɔm a edidi so yi na ɛka PBA ho:

• Serotonin a wɔde di dwuma
• Norepinephrine `(Norɛpinephrine)`
• Dopamine a wɔde yɛ aduru
• Glutamate a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Acetylcholine `(Asetilcholine)`

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu PBA?

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) betumi ayɛ tebea a ɛyɛ anifere sɛ wobehu . Ɛtɔ da bi a nnuruyɛfo mpo betumi adi mfomso aka sɛ ɛyɛ adwenemyare – titiriw adwenemhaw anaa adwenemhaw.

Mprempren, nhwehwɛmu pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔde hu PBA. Nnuruyɛfo gyina wo:

• Mpopoeɛ
• Aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm, titiriw nea ɛfa ntini mu nyarewa ho
• Adwene mu akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm
• Nsɛm a efi nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu mu

Wɔde asɛm bi ba awiei bere a wɔasua eyinom nyinaa yiye awie no.

Dɛn nti na wɔde PBA frafra adwenemhaw?

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) yɛ tebea a wɔtaa de frafra adwenemyare, titiriw adwenemhaw.

Eyi ne nea ɛba bere a wotaa su, PBA ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw no. Nnipa a wɔwɔ PBA nso betumi anya adwenemhaw esiane nneɛma afoforo nti, ne PBA tebea no ankasa nso nti. Nanso, sɛ wɔde toto adwenemhaw ho a, osu a ɛba wɔ PBA mu no:

• Efi ase mpofirim, te sɛ nea ɛpae.
• Ɛtra hɔ bere tiaa bi pɛ.
• Mpɛn pii no, ɛnyɛ nea ɛne awerɛhow a ɛba obi mu bere tenten no nni abusuabɔ.

Ɛwom sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ adwenemhaw te awerɛhow nka bere nyinaa de, nanso wɔntaa nsu. Sɛ wɔyɛ saa mpo a, ɛkyɛ sen PBA. Afei nso, wonhu adwenemhaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo te sɛ nna a wontumi nna ne aduan ho akɔnnɔ a wɔhwere wɔ PBA mu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa PBA?

Aduru biara nni hɔ a wɔde sa Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA). Nanso, nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma wɔadi so. Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ ayaresa mu ne sɛ ɛbɛtew serew ne osu a wontumi nni so yi mu den na emu yɛ den so.

Nnuru ahorow a nnuruyɛfo kyerɛw ma PBA ne:

• Dextromethorphan/quinidine sulfate (Nuedexta®): Eyi ne aduru a edi kan a FDA (U.S. Aduan ne Nnuru Dwumadibea) apene so sɛ wɔde sa PBA. Ɛwɔ aduru a wɔde sa ɔfe (dextromethorphan) ne aduru bi a kan no na wɔde sa komayare (quinidine sulfate) dodow a ɛba fam koraa.
• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia adwenemhaw:Nnuru a ekum adwenemhaw te sɛ `(Tricyclic antidepressants)`, `(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - SSRIs)`, ne `(Norepinephrine/Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - SNRIs)` betumi aboa ma wɔadi PBA sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so. Nanso, wɔtaa de eyinom ma wɔ dodow a ɛba fam sen nea wɔde ma wɔ adwenemhaw ho no.

Te sɛ nnuru nyinaa no, nsunsuanso bɔne betumi aba. Ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bi yɛ adwuma paw ayaresa nhyehyɛe a eye ma wo.

So wobetumi asiw PBA ano?

Esiane sɛ amemene a ɛsɛe ne ntini mu yare na ɛde Pseudobulbar Affect ba nti, biribiara nni hɔ a wobetumi ayɛ de asiw ano.

Dɛn ne nkɔmhyɛ a ɛfa PBA ho?

Ɛsono sɛnea wɔhwɛ PBA ahorow no wɔ onipa biara mu.

Sɛ wɔanhu tebea no na wɔansa a, nnipa a wɔwɔ PBA no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ:

• Hahaahayɔ
• Brɛ
• Nkitahodi a ɛso atew
• Asetra pa a ɛso tew

Nnuru betumi aboa ma wɔadi yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so. Ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobehu yare no na wɔasa. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ w’ankasa wokasa na wobɔ mmɔden. Nnuruyɛfo a wonim tebea yi yiye ne ntini mu adwene ho animdefo, ntini ho animdefo, ne adwenemyare ho animdefo.

Pseudobulbar Affect di bere tenten ahe?

Pseudobulbar affect taa yɛ tebea a enni sabea, efisɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea horow a ɛhyɛ ase a ɛde ba (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer yare) taa kyɛ.

Dɛn na wubetumi ayɛ na ama wo ne PBA atra ase yiye? (Akwan a Wɔfa so Gyina Ano) .

Afotu bi a ɛbɛboa wo ma woagyina PBA ano na woadi wo serew/su a ɛpae mpofirim no so ni:

• Sɛ serew/su no ba a, home denneennen kosi sɛ ɛbɛbrɛ ase.
• Susuw biribi foforo ho saa bere no, fa w’adwene si so.
• Ma wo mmati ne w’anim ntini ahorow no dwo na brɛ nhyɛso ase.
• Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, sesa wo gyinabea.
• Ka wo tebea no ho asɛm kyerɛ afoforo sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu nea wɔbɛhwɛ kwan na wɔrente wo ase yiye.
• Sɛ PBA reka w’adwene a, kɔ adwenemyare ho ɔfotufo bi nkyɛn .

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ PBA, w’ayaresa no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, anaasɛ worenya nsunsuanso bɔne a ɛnyɛ dɛ a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa ayaresa foforo ho.

Sɛ obi serew na osu a wuntumi nhyɛ no so a, ebetumi ayɛ den, ayɛ aniwu, na ayɛ den ama afoforo sɛ wɔbɛte ase. Nanso kae sɛ Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) yɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea, na wobetumi de nnuru adi ho dwuma. Sɛ wowɔ PBA ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, wo ne oduruyɛfo nkasa. Wɔwɔ ha sɛ wɔrebɛboa wo.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fa Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ no ni:

• PBA yɛ ntini mu yare a ɛma woserew anaa wusu a wuntumi nni so, wɔ ɔkwan a ɛne wo nkate nhyia so.
• Eyi taa ne ntini mu yare foforo (e.g. ALS, MS, Stroke, TBI) wɔ abusuabɔ.
• PBA nyɛ adwenemyare ankasa, nanso wobetumi de afrafra tebea horow te sɛ adwenemhaw.
• Ɛwom sɛ wonni eyi ano aduru a edi mũ de, nanso nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde siw yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ano.
• Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu a woremfa aniwu anaa ehu.
• Sɛ wobɔ w’adɔfo amanneɛ wɔ tebea yi ho a , ɛbɛma nneɛma ayɛ mmerɛw ama wo ne wɔn nyinaa.

Mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi bɛboa wo. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi a ɛfa eyi ho a, yɛsrɛ wo ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa.

` Pseudobulbar Affect, PBA, Neuropathy, Ɔserew a wontumi nni so, Su a wontumi nni so, Nkate mu mmerɛwyɛ, Amemene mu yare