So wo koma a ɛyɛ den no haw wo? Momma yensua Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) ho ade!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo tirim yɛ wo yaw anaasɛ wo tirim yɛ hare? Anaasɛ obi a wunim no anya komayare mpofirim? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nea ɛde saa nneɛma yi ba no betumi ayɛ awosu mu tebea bi a ɛntaa nsi a yɛnte ho asɛm pii. Tebea a ɛte saa no biako ne Short QT Syndrome, anaa sɛnea nnuruyɛfo frɛ no no, Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) . Ɛwom sɛ ebia edin no bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra de, nanso momma yɛnka ho asɛm tiawa.

Dɛn ne QT ntamgyinafo? Koma no anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne!

Okay, nea edi kan no ma yɛnhwɛ nea saa QT ntamgyinafo yi yɛ. So wunim sɛ yɛn koma bɔ denam anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne nhyehyɛe bi so? Ɛte sɛ wiring system a ɛwɔ ofie bi mu a wɔde sɔ akanea. Ɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne yi nti na koma no mu adan no twetwe na ɛtrɛw wɔ nhyehyɛe kwan so, na ɛno ne nea ɛma mogya.

Ebia woahu oduruyɛfo bi sɛ ɔreyɛ ECG (electrocardiogram) nhwehwɛmu bere a wɔreyɛ wo koma mu nhwehwɛmu no. Wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi denam ma a wɔma woda mpa so na wɔde sticker nketewa bata wo moma so ne wo nsa so. Ɛno na ɛkyerɛw anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi a ɛwɔ koma no mu. Sɛ oduruyɛfo no hwɛ nea wɔakyere agu hama so yi a, ohu asorɔkye nhyehyɛe pɔtee bi a wɔfrɛ no P, Q, R, S, T. Nkyerɛwde yi mu biara kyerɛ wo sɛnea koma no afã horow reyɛ adwuma.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a:

• P asorɔkye: Ɛlektrik sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛma koma no atifi adan, atria, twetwe.
• QRS complex: Ɛlektrik sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛma koma no ase adan a wɔfrɛ no ventricles no twetwe. Eyi ne nea ɛde mogya kɔ nipadua no mu titiriw.
• T asorɔkye: Ventricles no awie twetwe, agye wɔn ahome bio, na wɔresiesie wɔn ho ama ɔbɔ a edi hɔ no. Ɛte sɛ nea woretu mmirika na afei woagye w’ahome kakra.

Afei ade a ɛho hia ni. QT ntamgyinafoɔ yɛ berɛ a ɛfiri QRS complex no mfitiaseɛ kɔsi T asorɔkye no awieeɛ. Eyi ne sɛnea nnuruyɛfo susuw bere tenten a egye ansa na wo koma no ase adan (`ventricles`) asiesie ne ho ama ɔbɔ a edi hɔ wɔ ɔbɔ biako akyi. Mpɛn pii no, QT ntamgyinafo wɔ koma a ɛte apɔw mu no yɛ sikɔne 0.35 kosi 0.45. Nanso, wɔ obi a ɔwɔ SQTS mu no, saa bere yi nnu sikani 0.34. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ koma no afi ase rebɔ bio ansa na atumi agye n’ahome.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) ne Long QT Syndrome ntam?

Ebia eyi ho hia wo. SQTS ka ho no, tebea foforo bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) . Ɛte sɛ sika no fã foforo no ara pɛ, ɛnte saa?

• Short QT Syndrome (SQTS): QT ntam kwan no yɛ tiaa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so (mpɛn pii no ennu sikani 0.34).
• Long QT Syndrome (LQTS): QT ntam kwan no kyɛ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so (mpɛn pii no ɛboro sikɔne 0.45).

Saa tebea abien yi nyinaa betumi de ɔhaw ahorow a ɛka koma no nnyigyei aba. Nanso, ebia ɛsono nea ɛde ba ne ayaresa. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka SQTS ho asɛm nko ara.

Henanom na wobetumi anya SQTS?

Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa ankasa . Wonnim mpo sɛ nnipa dodow a wɔwɔ wiase no mu dodow pɔtee, ɛho yɛ na saa. Nhwehwɛmu bi ada no adi sɛ SQTS sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ada adi wɔ nnipa binom mu wɔ wɔn nkwa afe a edi kan mu. Afei, wɔka sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no betumi asan ada adi wɔ mpanyin afe so ne mpanyin afe so mpo. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebetumi aka nnipa a wɔadi mfe biara.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde SQTS ba?

SQTS yɛ awosu mu yare . Sɛnea w’ani kɔla ne wo ti nhwi yɛ nea w’awosu mu nkwaadɔm na ɛkyerɛ no, saa ara na yare yi nso betumi afi awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae mu aba.

Akwan abien na eyi betumi afa so asi:

1. Agyapade a efi awofo hɔ: Sɛ wo maame anaa wo papa wɔ awosu mu nsakrae yi a, wubetumi nso anya bi.

2. Awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae a biribiara nnim: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa awosu mu nsakrae yi betumi aba wo nipadua mu a ntease biara nnim, mpo a obiara nni w’abusua mu.

Saa awosu mu nsakrae yi sesa nneɛma a wɔfrɛ no ion akwan a ɛwɔ koma nkwammoaa mu no dwumadi. Saa ion akwan yi boa koma no anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne ma etu kwan yiye. Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ wɔn ho a, QT ntamgyinafo no yɛ tiaa.

Dɛn ne SQTS ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ SQTS na ɔwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne koro. Ebia nnipa binom rennya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara koraa. Nanso, nnipa dodow no ara nya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ayɛ te sɛ komayare afoforo de. Enti, sɛ wuhyia biribi a ɛte sɛɛ a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woakɔhwɛ.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw a wobetumi ahu ne:

• Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Eyi ne sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba. Wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ ɛka nnipa 5 biara mu bɛyɛ 4 a wɔwɔ SQTS. AFib yɛ bere a koma no atifi dan (atria) no ntumi mmɔ yiye, na mmom "ɛbɔ." Eyi ma koma no bɔ a ɛnteɛ.
• Koma a ɛbɔ: Nnipa 3 biara mu 1 betumi anya saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea obi rebɔ wɔn moma so, anaasɛ ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea wɔrete wɔn moma so a wɔrebɔ no nka ankasa.
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa ne akisikuru anaasɛ adwenemhaw: Eyi betumi aka nnipa 4 biara mu 1. Ebetumi ama obi ate nka sɛ ne ti yɛ hare na ɛtɔ mmere bi a n’adwene mu yɛ no naa.

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, nnipa binom (bɛyɛ 5 biara mu 2) di kan hu sɛ wɔwɔ SQTS bere a wɔanya komayare anaasɛ koma no awu mpofirim akyi. Eyi fi koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ (arrhythmia) a ɛyɛ hu wɔ koma no ase adan mu, te sɛ ventricular fibrillation anaa ventricular tachycardia, a ɛma koma no gyae bɔ mpofirim. Eyi yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den yiye.

Fa no sɛ, aberante bi a wadi mfe 25 a wɔfrɛ no Asanka wɔ hɔ. Ná ɔyɛ ogumadifo pa na na ɔwɔ apɔwmuden. Da bi, bere a ɔne ne nnamfo rebɔ kriket no, ɔhwee fam mpofirim a na ɔkyekyeree ne moma so. Wɔde no kɔɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara, nanso wɔantumi annye no nkwa. Akyiri yi sɔhwɛ ahorow daa no adi sɛ na Asanka wɔ SQTS. Ɛyɛ awerɛhow sɛ yɛbɛte nsɛm a ɛtete saa, nanso ɛho hia sɛ yɛma yɛn ani da hɔ wɔ saa nneɛma yi ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu SQTS?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ SQTS a, oduruyɛfo bi bedi kan abisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛ ebia obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ komayare anaa. Afei wobetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a edidi so yi:

• ECG (Electrocardiogram): Eyi ne sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia sen biara. Ɛsusuw QT ntamgyinafo no. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ QT ntam kwan no nnu sikani 0.34 na sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo wɔ hɔ a, wosusuw sɛ SQTS. Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ mpo QT ntam kwan no wɔ sikani 0.34 ne 0.36 ntam a, wobetumi asusuw SQTS ho sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo wɔ hɔ a (e.g., abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛfa SQTS ho, akisikuru a wɔankyerɛkyerɛ mu).
• Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi de hu sɛ ebia awosu mu nsakrae bi wɔ hɔ a ɛde SQTS ba anaa. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔasi yare no so dua na wɔahu sɛ ebia abusua no mufo afoforo wɔ asiane mu anaa.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia worennya sɛnkyerɛnne biara na wɔ akwanhyia mu no, wubehu sɛ wo QT ntam kwan no so tew bere a woayɛ ECG esiane biribi foforo nti.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa SQTS?

Ɛwom sɛ SQTS yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den de, nanso wotumi sa. Koma ho ɔyaresafo na ɔsa. Ɛdenam wo tebea so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ ayaresa ahorow a edidi so yi:

• Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD): Eyi ne ayaresa a wotumi de ho to so sen biara ma mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ SQTS. ICD yɛ afiri ketewaa bi a wɔyɛ no oprehyɛn de hyɛ koko ho were ase na wɔde bata koma no ho. Saa afiri yi hwɛ sɛnea koma no bɔ no so bere nyinaa. Sɛ koma no bɔ a ɛnteɛ (arrhythmia) a asiane wom ba a, ICD no ankasa de anyinam ahoɔden kɔ koma no mu ma ɛsan ba. Ɛte sɛ obi a ɔbɔ ne ho ban a egye ntɛmpɛ.
• Nnuru: Nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a ɛko tia koma a ɛyɛ den a ɛma koma no yɛ adwuma yiye. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔtaa de quinidine di dwuma ma SQTS. Wo duruyɛfo nso betumi akyerɛw nnuru te sɛ flecainide (TambocorTM) , ibutilide (Corvert® ), propafenone , amiodarone , sotalol , anaa beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol (Toprol XL®, Lopressor®) , carvedilol (Coreg®) ).

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ wo nkutoo a, na ɛsɛ sɛ wonom nnuru yi, na sɛnea ɔka kyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nnuru a w’ankasa wode bedi dwuma no betumi de asiane aba.

So wobetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ SQTS mu no so?

Esiane sɛ SQTS yɛ awosu mu yare nti, ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw ano. Ɛnyɛ biribi a yebetumi adi so.

Nanso, sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ SQTS a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wokɔ koma ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa na wudi wɔn afotu akyi. Wobetumi ahwɛ wo koma akwahosan so na aboa ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den, titiriw koma mu owu mpofirim, a ebetumi aba esiane SQTS nti no so atew.

Bere tenten ahe na wubetumi ne SQTS atra ase?

Eyi yɛ asɛm a nnipa pii bisa. Bere tenten a wubetumi ne SQTS atra ase no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Wɔ nnipa binom fam no, SQTS betumi ama koma akum mpofirim. Akontaabu kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ SQTS no wɔ asiane 40% sɛ koma bewu mpofirim bere a wɔadi mfe 40. Asiane yi dɔɔso sen biara wɔ nkokoaa a wɔadi mfe 0-1 ne mpanyimfo nkumaa a wɔadi mfe 20-40 mu. Sɛ eyi to akokoaa a wadi fi mfe a wɔawo no foforo kosi afe 1 a, nnuruyɛfo nso betumi afrɛ no Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) .

Nanso, mma eyi nnyɛ wo hu. Ade a ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae ne sɛ ɛnyɛ obiara a ne QT ntam kwan tiaa (ennu milisekɔn 360) wɔ ECG so na ɔwɔ SQTS, na ɛnyɛ obiara na ɔwɔ asiane mu sɛ koma bewu mpofirim. Nnipa binom a wɔwɔ SQTS betumi atra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ a wonhu sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Esiane sɛ SQTS yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi nti, nhwehwɛmufo da so ara reyɛ sɛnea ɛka nkwa nna ho nhwehwɛmu.

Wo duruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma woadi wo tebea no ho dwuma na atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nsɛnnennen so denam ayaresa a ɛfata a ɔde bɛma wo no so.

Dɛn bio na wobɛpɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ SQTS, anaasɛ wɔahu sɛ wowɔ bi a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm yi:

• Dɛn ne SQTS ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow? So me yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no fata eyi?
• Sɔhwɛ bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ na ama mahu SQTS?
• Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na mewɔ? Emu nea ɛwɔ he na eye ma me?
• Asetra mu nsakrae bɛn na metumi ayɛ na ama me koma atra apɔw? (e.g., nnuru bi a wɔkwati, dwumadi ahorow bi) .
• Dɛn ne nea ebetumi aba sɛ me mma benya SQTS agyapade? So sɔhwɛ ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wohu?

Wɔ nsɛmmisa yi akyi no, nsuro sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa biribiara a woredwen ho anaasɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa wɔ ho.

Nea yɛaka ho asɛm (Take-Home Message) no mu nsɛm tiawa ni:

Okay afei, momma yɛnkae nea yɛkaa ho asɛm no:

• Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) yɛ yare a ɛntaa nsi koraa, a efi awosu mu.
• Nea ɛba wɔ eyi mu ne sɛ QT ntamgyinafo, bere bi a ɛwɔ koma no anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi mu no bɛyɛ tiaa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛtew bere a egye ansa na koma no mu adan a ɛwɔ fam no asiesie ne ho ama ɔbɔ a edi hɔ bere a wɔabɔ biako akyi no so.
• Eyi betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ adwenemhaw, adwenemhaw, ne koko a ɛyɛ den aba.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ koraa.
• SQTS yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den a ebetumi ama obi koma atɔ mpofirim na wawu mpo.
• Nanso, wobetumi de ECG ne awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ahu eyi.
• Wobetumi de ICD mfiri ne nnuru asa eyi.
• Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa wɔ eyi ho, anaasɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ komayare a ɛte sɛɛ a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwehwɛ afotu.

Kae sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wuhu saa nneɛma yi na wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu wɔ bere a ɛsɛ mu. Yɛrepɛ sɛ mo akwahosan pa!

` QT syndrome tiawa, SQTS, komayare, ECG, QT ntamgyinafo, awosu mu yare, koma a ɛtwetwe mpofirim, ICD