Mina míasrɔ̃ nu tso opsonization ƒe ɖoɖo si kpena ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe ametakpɔnu ŋu.

Efɔ̃a? Egbea míele nu ƒom tso nuwɔna wɔnuku aɖe ŋutɔ si le vevie ŋutɔ si dzɔna le míaƒe ŋutilã me ŋu. Ele abe nu tɔxɛ aɖe si kpena ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe ametakpɔnu ŋu ene. Ðewohĩ èse nya sia kpɔ, eye woyɔnɛ be opsonization. Ne èsrɔ̃ nu tso eŋu la, àse alesi míaƒe ŋutilã wɔa dɔ wɔnukui la gɔme.

Nukae nye Opsonization?

Kpuie ko la, opsonization nye nusi kpena ɖe míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ŋu. Ewɔa dɔ to dɔlékui siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu, abe dɔlékuiwo (abe dɔlékuiwo kple dɔlékuiwo ene), alo mía ŋutɔwo ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo ku alo nu gblẽ le wo ŋu la didi kple wo tsɔtsrɔ̃ me. Bu wò dɔlélenutsiŋutete be enye ƒuƒoƒo tɔxɛ aɖe si kpɔa wò ŋutilã ta. Wole tsatsam le wò ŋutilã ŋu ɣesiaɣi, hele nusianu si ate ŋu ahe nuvevi ame alo dɔléle vɛ dim.

Míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe akpa vovovoawo – ŋutinuwo, lãmenugbagbeviwo, proteinwo, atikewo – katã wɔa dɔ ɖekae. Akpa aɖewo ƒoa xlã ŋutilãa henɔa amedzidzelawo dim. Bubuwo gblẽa nu siwo gblẽa nu le ŋutilã ŋu. Ɣemaɣie protein siwo woyɔna be opsonins va kpena ɖe ame ŋu. Opsonin siawo tsyɔa dɔlékuiawo dzi eye ‘wodea dzesi’ wo. Ekema dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbevi bubuawo ate ŋu ade dzesi wo bɔbɔe ahatsrɔ̃ wo. Alesi opsonization wɔa dɔe la dea dzesi lãmenugbagbevi kukuwo kple esiwo le kukum, lãmenugbagbevi siwo ŋu dɔlélea le, kple kansa lãmenugbagbeviwo gɔ̃ hã.

Nukae nye Opsonin?

Míeyɔa ‘opsonins’ be protein vovovowo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo. Woƒe dɔ vevitɔe nye be woabla ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo kple nusiwo le abe dɔlékuiwo ene ŋu , eye woakpe ɖe lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi tɔxɛ aɖe ŋu le míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete me – míeyɔna wo be phagocytes – be wòade dzesi wo eye ‘wòami’ wo. Bu eŋu abe alesi nàna nuɖuɖu aɖe navivi eye nàtsɔe aɖo ŋkume wònya kpɔ le mɔ si ana nàdi be yeaɖu nu ene.

Opsonin aɖewo nɔa tsia dzi faa le míaƒe ʋu alo ʋuka me tsi me. Wowɔa bubuwo ne míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete le dɔ wɔm, tso protein bubuwo me. Zi geɖe la, nuwo abe dɔlékuiwutikewo , siwo ŋu ɖewohĩ èse nu tsoe ene, hã wɔa dɔ abe opsonin ene esime wole dɔ vevi bubuwo wɔm.

Lãmenugbagbevi mawo, siwo woyɔna be phagocytes , doa ka kple opsonin abe tɔdzisasrã ene. Emegbe wozãa tɔdzisasrã ma tsɔ xɔa nusi wodi be yewoagblẽ la hegblẽnɛ. Esia tae wogayɔa opsoninwo be ‘mɔlékui siwo xea mɔ na wo.’ Èse egɔmea?

Nukae nye phagocytosis ƒe dɔwɔwɔ?

Phagocytosis ƒe dɔléleEnye nusi dzi míaƒe ŋutilã tona gblẽa nu siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu alo esiwo míedi o la heɖea wo ɖa. Kpuie ko la, efia ‘alesi lãmenugbagbeviwo xɔa nane hetsrɔ̃nɛ’. Nu siawo ate ŋu anye dɔlékuiwo , dutanuwo, alo mía ŋutɔwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo gɔ̃ hã.

Nukae wogblẽna le phagocytosis me?

Nusiwo phagocytosis gblẽna dometɔ aɖewoe nye esi:

• Dɔlékui ƒomevi vovovowo abe dɔlékuiwo, dɔlékuiwo, kple fungiwo ene.
• Lãmenugbagbevi siwo ŋu dɔlélea le.
• Lãmenugbagbevi kuku, tsitsi, alo esiwo gblẽ.
• Kansa ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo.
• Lãmenugbagbevi kakɛwo, alo lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gbeɖuɖɔ.
• Kadodo (synapses) siwo le lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ dome.

Nya ‘phagocytosis’ gɔmee nye ‘lãmenugbagbeviwo ɖuɖu’. Lãmenugbagbevi siawo, siwo woyɔna be phagocytes, xɔa lãmenugbagbevi kple dɔlékui siawo siwo womedi o, alo ‘ɖua’ wo, eye wogbãa wo. Ekema ŋutilãa ate ŋu aɖe wo ɖa bɔbɔe. Lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe, abe macrophages , dendritic cells , neutrophils , kple natural killer (NK) cells , zãa opsonization ƒe mɔnu tsɔ dia nusiwo womedi o heɖea wo ɖa.

Dzesi kawoe phagocyte lãmenugbagbeviwo xɔna?

Lãmenugbagbevi mawo, siwo woyɔna be phagocytes , nɔa te ɖe dzesi vovovowo dzi tsoa nya me nenye be woami nane alo womami o. Dzesi siawo ƒomevi vovovowoe li:

• ‘Dim’ ƒe dzesiwo: Esiawo ate ŋu anye protein alo nu bubu siwo kpena ɖe phagocyte cells ŋu be woake ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo alo dɔlékui siwo wodi be yewoatsrɔ̃ ŋu.
• Dzesi siwo fia be ɖum alo mègaɖum o: Abe alesi ŋkɔa ɖee fia ene la, dzesi siawo gblɔna na lãmenugbagbevi aɖe nenye be wòaɖu nane alo maɖui o.
• Opsonins: Ðeko míeƒo nu tso esia ŋu. Esiawoe nye protein siwo blana ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo alo dɔlékuiwo ŋu eye wogblɔna na phagocyte be "wòmi esia eye wòatsrɔ̃e." Wowɔa dɔ hã abe tɔdzisasrã ene, si wɔnɛ be wònɔa bɔbɔe na phagocyte la be wòalé ɖe nusi wòdi be yeatsrɔ̃ ŋu.
• Opsonin manyomanyowo: Esiawo wɔa nusi to vovo na ema. Eyae nye be woɖea dzi le ame ƒo alo nana wòsesẽna na phagocyte be wòalé nane ahagblẽe.

Ðe opsonization ƒe kpɔɖeŋu aɖewo lia?

Le nyateƒe me la, opsonin ƒomevi gbogbo aɖewo li siwo míaƒe ŋutilã zãna tsɔ dea dzesi nu vovovowo heɖea wo ɖa. Wo dometɔ ʋɛ aɖewoe nye esi nàte ŋu asrɔ̃ nu tso wo ŋu:

• Dɔlékuiwutikewo: Dɔlékuiwutikewo nye míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe akpa vevi aɖe ŋutɔ. Wole abe gaƒoɖokui kple safui ene, .Woku ɖe dɔlékui la ƒe akpa aɖewo koŋ ŋu (si woyɔna be antigens) . Dɔlékuiwutike siwo woyɔna be Immunoglobulin G (IgG) kple Immunoglobulin M (IgM) hã wɔa dɔ abe opsonin ene.
• Nusiwo kpena ɖe eŋu: Esiawo nye protein ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe si kpena ɖe míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ŋu. Protein vovovo siwo kpena ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu wɔa dɔ ɖekae tsɔ fiaa mɔ phagocyte lãmenugbagbeviwo yia teƒe siwo wòhiã be woatsrɔ̃ wo le. C1q, C3, C3b , kple C4b katã nye opsonin ƒomeviwo.
• Opsonin siwo blaa phosphatidylserine: Phosphatidylserine nye dzesi si nye ‘ɖum’. Ne lãmenugbagbeviwo le kuku ge ( apoptosis ) la, dzesi sia dona tso lãmenugbagbevi la me. Opsonin geɖe, abe Annexin A1 , Apolipoprotein H , Del-1 , Gas6, kple Protein S ene, ate ŋu akpɔ gome le esia me.
• Opsonin bubuwo: Tsɔ kpe ɖe esiawo ŋu la, proteinwo abe calreticulin , fibronectin , ficolins (esiawo nye protein siwo dea dzesi nɔnɔmewo), lectin si blaa mannose , notsi me ami globulin (lactadherin) , kple pentraxins hã wɔa dɔ abe opsonin ene. Togbɔ be ŋkɔ siawo adze nu sesẽ vie hã la, esiawo katã kpena ɖe mía ŋu míekpɔa míaƒe ŋutilã ta.

Nukae opsonization wɔna le phagocytosis me?

Abe alesi míegblɔe va yi ene la, lãmenugbagbevi siwo woyɔna be phagocytes ‘ɖua’ dɔlékuiwo kple lãmenugbagbevi siwo míaƒe ŋutilã mehiã o, si woyɔna be phagocytosis , ale be ŋutilãa nate ŋu aɖe wo ɖa bɔbɔe. Ɣemaɣie opsonins va xɔa kpekpeɖeŋu. Opsoninwo tsyɔa lãmenugbagbeviwo kple amedzidzela siwo wodi be yewoatsrɔ̃ la dzi. Ele abe nu ʋeʋĩwo tsɔtsɔ de nuɖuɖu me be wòavivi eye wòavivi wu ene. Ne phagocytes kpɔ ‘nu ʋeʋĩ’ siawo la, wonana wòdzena ‘vivina’. (Le nyateƒe me la, nya ‘opsonization’ tso Helagbe me nya si gɔmee nye ‘be woawɔ nu vivi’ me!)

Phagocyte lãmenugbagbeviwo hea opsonin ƒe nutsyɔnu sia, si emegbe blana ɖe woƒe xɔlawo ŋu.Wozãa akpa siwo woyɔna be opsonins tsɔ léna ɖe eŋu. Le mɔ ma nu la, opsonin le abe fɔkpa si kpena ɖe wo ŋu woléa nuɖuɖu vivi ma ene. Emegbe phagocyte la hea ‘nuɖuɖu’ ma yia eme, gbãnɛ, eye ‘wòɖua’i.

Aleke opsonization dzɔnae?

Nu vovovo geɖewo li siwo hea opsonization vɛ. Wo dometɔ vevitɔwoe nye:

• Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si wodzina: Protein siwo le abe C3 ene le míaƒe ŋutilã me dea dzesi dɔlékuiwo, dɔlékuiwo, alo fungiwo ƒe akpa aɖewo eye woblana ɖe wo ŋu. Esia nye afɔɖeɖe ɖeka le opsonization me. Esia nye ametakpɔnu si wotsɔ dzia míaƒe ŋutilã.
• Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ŋuɖoɖo si trɔna ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu: Dɔlékuiwutikewo dea dzesi dɔlékuiwutike siwo tso dɔlékui, dɔlékui, alo amedzidzela bubu siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu siwo wokpɔ va yi me. Abe gaƒoɖokui kple safui ene la, esiawo wɔa ɖeka wɔa dɔlékuiwutike kple dɔlékuiwutike ƒe ƒuƒoƒo . Emegbe protein siwo kpena ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu blana ɖe nusi me nu vovovowo le sia ŋu eye wotsɔa opsonin geɖe tsyɔa dɔlékui alo lãmenugbagbevi la dzi. Esia nye nusi míaƒe ŋutilã srɔ̃na le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe.
• Dzesi siwo nye ‘Miɖum’: Ne lãmenugbagbeviwo gblẽ alo wogogo kuku la, woɖoa dzesiwo ɖe dɔlélenutsiŋutete be ‘woatsrɔ̃m.’ Opsoninwo dea dzesi dzesi siawo eye woblana ɖe wo ŋu.

Afɔɖeɖe geɖe le nuwɔna siawo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe me, eye wo katã va ƒoa ƒu be míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete nawɔ dɔ.

Nukatae Opsonization le vevie?

Ènyaa, dɔlékuiwo nye ayetɔ ŋutɔ. Esi wòhiã be woatsi agbe ta la, wodzea agbagba be yewoaɣla ye ɖokui ɖe míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo alo asi le wo nu. Ɣemaɣie opsonization ƒe ɖoɖoa va le vevie ŋutɔ. Ekpena ɖe phagocyte lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu be woake ɖe dɔlékui ɣaɣla la ŋu bɔbɔe, woléna ɖe eŋu, eye mlɔeba wotsrɔ̃nɛ.

Nenema ke mía ŋutɔwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo zãa opsonization tsɔ gblɔna na dɔlélenutsiŋutete be, ‘dɔlékui le ŋunye,’ ‘Megblẽ,’ alo ‘Maku.’ Ne ŋutilãa xɔ dzesi sia la, enya be yeaɖe lãmenugbagbevi mawo ɖa.

Kpuie ko la, opsonization le abe kadodomɔnu vevi aɖe si nana míaƒe ŋutilã nɔa lãmesẽ me ene. Eya manɔmee la, asesẽ na míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete be wòawɔ dɔ nyuie.

Ðe kuxi siwo le opsonization ŋu ate ŋu ahe dɔléle vɛa?

Ẽ, keŋkeŋ. Phagocytosis ate ŋu agblẽ le domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe dɔléle aɖewo ta , alesi wòwɔa nu ɖe ​​atike aɖewo ŋui, alo nu bubuwo ta. KafukafuDɔlékuiwo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔléle bubuwo ate ŋu atrɔ alesi míaƒe ŋutilã dea dzesi nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu kple esiwo megblẽa nu le ame ŋu o. Bu esia ŋu kpɔ:

• Ðewohĩ wò phagocyte lãmenugbagbeviwo mate ŋu atsrɔ̃ nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu abe lãmenugbagbevi siwo gblẽ, dɔlékuiwo, kple dɔlékuiwo ene o. Emegbe nu gbegblẽ siawo ate ŋu aƒo ƒu ɖe ŋutilãa me eye woahe dɔléle vɛ.
• Ne menye nenema o la, wò phagocyte lãmenugbagbeviwo ate ŋu adze nusiwo mele be woatsrɔ̃ o, abe lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmesẽ me ene, tsɔtsrɔ̃ gɔme. Ele abe wò ŋutɔ wò aʋakɔ si le eɖokui dzi dzem ene.

Kuxi ka kee ɖale eŋu o, ate ŋu ahe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔlélewo abe lupus , alo ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔlélewo abe Alzheimer ene vɛ. Àte ŋu axɔ dɔlékui geɖe hã alo kansa xɔxɔ ƒe afɔkua adzi ɖe edzi.

Ðe woate ŋu azã opsonization atsɔ ada dɔlélewoa?

Nyabiase nyui aɖe ŋutɔe nye esia. Atikeŋutinunyalawo le numekuku wɔm tso mɔ siwo dzi woato azã opsonization ƒe mɔnu sia atsɔ ada dɔlélewoe ŋu xoxo. Woƒe mɔkpɔkpɔe nye be yewoato mɔ siwo dzi woato akpe ɖe míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ŋu to nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe opsoning alo mɔxexe ɖe lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmesẽ me nu be woagawɔ opson o me. Numekuku sia ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu wòato dɔlélewo abe:

• Kansa: Ate ŋu ‘ade dzesi’ kansa lãmenugbagbeviwo eye wòakpe ɖe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ŋu wòatsrɔ̃ wo.
• Dɔléle siwo xɔa ame me: Mɔnu sia ate ŋu aɖe vi ŋutɔ le avuwɔwɔ kple dɔlékui aɖewo ƒe dɔlékuiwo me.
• Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔlélewo: Wodzea agbagba be yewoaxe mɔ na lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmesẽ me be woagazu ‘dzesi’ o eye woɖea ŋutete si le ŋutilãa ŋu be wòagblẽ nu le eɖokui ŋu dzi kpɔtɔna.

Menye ema ɖeɖeko o, numekulawo le opsonization ƒe mɔnu hã zãm tsɔ le alesi atikewɔmɔnuwo kple dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe dɔdamɔnuwo wɔa dɔ nyuie la dom kpɔ. Woyɔa dodokpɔ siawo be opsonophagocytic killing assays (OPKA) . Eyata esia nye numekuku ƒe akpa si ŋugbe wodo ŋutɔ.

Nu ʋɛ aɖewo siwo dzi wòle be woaɖo ŋkui kpuie

Enyo, eyata míeƒo nu geɖe tso opsonization ŋu, alo? Enye míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe akpa vevi aɖe ŋutɔ. Ele abe tɔdzisasrã tutu le nu gbegblẽ siwo le míaƒe ŋutilã me kple lãmenugbagbevi siwo gblẽa wo dome ene.

Èɖo ŋku alesi megblɔ be nuɖuɖu siwo naa lãmesẽ siwo ɖeviwo melɔ̃na o gɔ̃ hã ate ŋu aɖu wo ne ètsɔ nuvivinu vi aɖe kpe ɖe wo ŋu dzia? Emae nye nusi opsonization nye. Eɖea mɔ na phagocyte mawo be...Menye ɖeko wònana ‘nuɖuɖua’ vivina na lãmenugbagbeviawo ko o, ke enaa ‘fɔkpa’ hã woléna ɖe asi. Ekema woate ŋu ayi edzi tẽ aɖui!

Eyata, opsonization le abe kalẽtɔ si meƒoa nu o si kpena ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã ŋu wònɔa lãmesẽ me eye wòkpɔa ta tso dɔléle me ene. Esi nuwɔna sia le dzɔdzɔm nyuie tae míedzea dɔ ɣeyiɣi akpa gãtɔ o. Eyata ɖe menyo be míanya nu wɔnuku siawo siwo dzɔna le míaƒe ŋutilã me vie oa? Mele mɔ kpɔm be sidzedze sia akpe ɖe mia kple wò ƒomea ŋu be mianɔ lãmesẽ me.

` Dɔlélenutsiŋutete, opsonization, phagocytosis, dɔlékuiwo, lãmenugbagbeviwo, dɔlékuiwutikewo, ametakpɔnu