When you hear the word " Amphetamines , " you may think something a little scary. Some people see them as an illegal drug. However, the truth is much different. These are very important drugs that, when used properly and under the guidance of a doctor, can help with many medical conditions. So today, let's dispel the misconceptions about amphetamines and talk about the real story.
Simply put, what are these amphetamines?
Amphetamines are a class of drugs that stimulate our central nervous system , meaning they make us a little more active. They're like the jolt of a coffee that gives someone who's sleepy a jolt, but in a much more complex way. They're mainly prescribed by doctors to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and sometimes obesity .
How does this medicine work inside the body?
This is very simple to understand. There are chemicals in our brain that act like "postmen" to carry information back and forth. In medical terms, we call these neurotransmitters . The two main ones are dopamine and norepinephrine .
Think about it, these two chemicals are what help you stay focused, happy , and alert. When you take an amphetamine, what it does is give the brain a little push to "release a little more of these dopamine and norepinephrine." Not only that, but these drugs also help the chemicals that are released stay in the brain for a while.
As a result, you may experience things like:
- You will be able to pay close attention.
- Feeling refreshed and energized.
- Sleepiness decreases and you can stay awake longer.
- Appetite may decrease slightly.
- A happy, positive feeling comes to mind.
The most important thing: This medication should only be used if prescribed by a doctor, in the prescribed dosage and in the prescribed manner. If used incorrectly, such as taking too much or injecting it in other ways, there is a risk of addiction. However, when used properly under the supervision of a doctor, the risk of addiction is very low.
Types of amphetamines and their brand names
There are several types of drugs in the amphetamine class. The same drug may come under different brand names. If a doctor prescribes one of these for you or your child, it's a good idea to know what it is.
| Generic name of the drug | For example, brand names |
|---|---|
| Amphetamine | Adzenys®, Evekeo® |
| Amphetamine combinations | Adderall®, Mydayis® |
| Dextroamphetamine | Dexedrine®, Zenzedi® |
| Lisdexamfetamine | Vyvanse® |
| Methamphetamine | Desoxyn® (this is rarely recommended) |
| Phentermine | Adipex®, Lomaira® |
Nonmedical Use
This is the side that scares many people. Yes, there are cases where amphetamines are used without a doctor's prescription, for fun or for other purposes (e.g. to study for exams, to stay awake at work). This is a very dangerous and illegal practice.
You may have heard of MDMA , also known as "Ecstasy" or "Molly." It's actually a chemical in the amphetamine family. But researchers are also looking into whether MDMA can be used as a treatment for mental health conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .
Main medical conditions treated with amphetamines
As mentioned above, these are used to treat several different medical conditions.
- ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder): This is the main use. This medication is given to help with schoolwork and social interactions, especially in children and young adults.
- Narcolepsy: This is a sleep disorder that causes people to fall asleep uncontrollably at any time of the day. These medications help keep them awake throughout the day.
- Obesity: Some amphetamines suppress appetite, so they can be given for a short period of time under the close supervision of a doctor as part of a weight loss program.
- Binge-Eating Disorder: Some medications are also used to treat this condition.
What is the difference between Amphetamine and Methamphetamine?
Many people confuse these two names because they are so similar. Although both are chemically similar, there are significant differences.
| Feature | Amphetamine | Methamphetamine |
|---|---|---|
| Diseases treated | Approved for ADHD, Narcolepsy, and Obesity. | Approved only for ADHD (but used very rarely). |
| Strength | Strong, but less so than Methamphetamine. | Very strong. Has a strong effect on the brain. |
| Speed of execution | It takes some time for the effect to take effect. | The effect occurs very quickly. |
| Recommendation | Widely recommended by doctors. | It is rarely recommended due to the high risk of side effects and addiction. |
Are there any side effects to this medicine?
Like any drug, amphetamines can have side effects. These are usually not serious and will subside as your body adjusts to the drug. However, there are some things you should be aware of. Talk to your doctor about these.
| Possible side effects of amphetamine use | |
|---|---|
| Common, less serious side effects | |
| - Insomnia | - Loss of appetite and weight loss |
| - Headache | - Stomach ache, nausea |
| - Increased heart rate | - Restlessness, irritability |
| - Dizziness | - Cold hands and feet |
| Serious side effects that are rare but should be reported to the doctor immediately: | |
| - Chest pain | - Difficulty breathing |
| - Changes in mental status (e.g. hallucinations, excessive suspiciousness) | - Severe allergic reactions |
| - Finger injuries | - Compulsive skin-picking |
Remember: If you experience any of these serious side effects, stop taking the medicine immediately and go to the nearest hospital emergency department (ETU) . If you are concerned about any of the common side effects, talk to your doctor. He or she may be able to change your dose or prescribe another medicine.
Can there be problems with other medications?
Yes, absolutely. Amphetamines can interact with many other medications. So tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking. This includes vitamins, supplements, over-the-counter medications, and even prescription medications.
Problems can occur, especially with these medications:
- Some medications for depression (MAOIs, Tricyclic antidepressants)
- Medication for high blood pressure
- Some medications for gastritis (antacids, proton pump inhibitors)
- Medicines like Panadin that contain antihistamines
Is it okay to use with alcohol?
Not good at all. Don't drink alcohol for a short time after taking amphetamines. The combination of the two can cause unwanted and dangerous effects. Ask your doctor how long you should wait.
What happens if you stop taking the medicine?
It is rare for someone who takes medication exactly as prescribed by a doctor to experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop. However, do not stop taking the medication suddenly without consulting a doctor.
But some people may feel a slight "crash" as the effects of the medication wear off, at the end of the day. This means:
- I suddenly feel tired.
- I feel angry and restless.
- I'm getting very hungry.
- It's hard to compose myself.
If you find this "crash" difficult to tolerate and it interferes with your daily activities, talk to your doctor about it. This may be resolved by changing the time you take your medication or switching to an extended-release medication.
Take-Home Message
- Amphetamine is a very useful drug when used under the supervision of a doctor. Don't be unnecessarily afraid of it.
- This medicine should only be used if prescribed by a doctor. Do not use other people's medicine or give your medicine to others for any reason.
- Give your doctor a complete description of all other medications, vitamins, and Sinhala medicines you are taking.
- Be aware of side effects. If you have any concerns, inform your doctor immediately. If you have serious symptoms, go to the ETU at the nearest hospital.
- Avoid stopping the medication suddenly without medical advice.
- Avoid alcohol completely while taking this medication.
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