Understanding COVID-19: Essential Facts to Face it Without Fear (Nirogi Lanka)

We all feel a sense of unease when we hear the name COVID-19, don't we? We understand how much this pandemic has changed our lives and the worry it has caused regarding our loved ones. However, rather than living in fear, isn't it better to be well-informed and prepared for anything? Let's take a simple look at what COVID-19 is, how you can stay safe, and what you should do if you fall ill, explained in a way that is easy for you to understand.

What exactly is COVID-19?

Simply put, COVID-19 is a disease caused by the virus known as SARS-CoV-2. It primarily affects your respiratory system—specifically your nose, throat, and lungs.

Think of coronavirus as a large family of viruses. Some members of this family cause mild illnesses like the common cold. However, there are more severe members in this same family. You may have heard of MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). Much like those, the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 is a more dangerous member of that family.

This virus changes over time, which we refer to as variants. You have likely heard names such as Alpha, Delta, and Omicron. Some of these new variants can spread faster than the original virus and may, in some cases, cause more severe illness.

What are the symptoms of COVID-19?

Symptoms of COVID-19 can vary from person to person. While some may experience very mild symptoms and recover quickly, others may become ill enough to require hospitalization. Let's look at the primary symptoms.

In some instances, this disease can lead to severe conditions such as pneumonia, heart problems, or liver issues. Furthermore, your immune system may overreact while trying to fight the virus; this is called cytokine release syndrome, which can cause damage to your vital organs.

Severe symptoms requiring immediate medical attention

Who is at higher risk?

While anyone can catch COVID-19, some individuals are at a higher risk of developing severe illness.

• People aged 60 and above
• Those with chronic kidney disease
• Those with lung diseases such as COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
• Obesity
• Heart conditions (Heart failure, Coronary artery disease)
• Diabetes Mellitus
• High blood pressure
• Individuals with weakened immune systems due to cancer, HIV, or other conditions
• Pregnant women

If you fall into any of these categories, please take extra precautions.

How does the virus spread?

COVID-19 mainly spreads from person to person. The virus is present in the tiny droplets released from an infected person's respiratory tract when they speak, cough, or sneeze. If a healthy person inhales these droplets, the virus can enter their body.

Additionally, if you touch a surface contaminated with the virus (e.g., a table or doorknob) and then touch your face, nose, or mouth, the virus can enter your body. This is why washing your hands frequently is vital. Always remember to stay safe with Nirogi Lanka.

Worried you might have caught it? Here is what to do.

If you are experiencing symptoms like fever or a cough, stay calm.

1. Self-isolate: It is best to stay in a separate room, away from your family. Use a separate bathroom if possible.

2. Get tested: You can perform a Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) at home or a clinic.

3. Consult your doctor: Reach out to your healthcare provider to discuss your symptoms and get personalized medical advice.

4. If you have difficulty breathing: Do not delay. If you experience severe symptoms like shortness of breath, proceed immediately to the nearest Emergency Department.

How can you protect yourself from the virus?

Prevention is always better than cure. Staying protected is your best defense with Nirogi Lanka.

• Get vaccinated: Getting your COVID-19 vaccine is the most effective way to prevent severe illness and death. Please ensure you receive your booster doses as recommended by your doctor.
• Wear a mask: Especially in crowded areas or on public transport, wearing a well-fitted mask significantly reduces the risk of both transmitting and catching the virus.
• Wash your hands frequently: Use soap and water, scrubbing for at least 20 seconds. If you are on the go, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Practice social distancing: Maintain a distance of at least one meter from others. Avoid unnecessary travel and large gatherings.
• Avoid touching your face: Keep your hands away from your eyes, nose, and mouth unless they have been freshly washed.
• Keep your home clean: Regularly disinfect frequently touched surfaces like door handles, light switches, and tables.

What are the treatment options?

There is currently no specific "cure" for COVID-19. Treatment focuses on managing your symptoms.

• Mild symptoms: If your symptoms are mild, your doctor will likely advise you to rest at home, stay hydrated, and take medications like paracetamol for fever.
• Severe symptoms: If the illness progresses, doctors may hospitalize you to provide supportive care, such as oxygen, steroids like dexamethasone, and other targeted treatments.

COVID-19, Coronavirus, Symptoms, Prevention, Vaccine, Face Masks, Social Distancing