To, menene wannan tsarin endocrine?
Kafin mu yi magana game da glandar adrenal, ya kamata ka san kaɗan game da menene tsarin endocrine . A taƙaice dai, tarin gland ne a jikinmu. Waɗannan gland suna samar da manzannin sinadarai da ake kira hormones kuma suna sakin su kai tsaye cikin jini. Ka yi tunanin hormones a matsayin ƙananan manzanni waɗanda ke ɗauke da saƙonni a cikin jikinmu. Waɗannan saƙonni suna tafiya ta cikin jini don gaya wa sassa daban-daban na jikinmu, kamar gabobinmu, fata, da tsokoki, abin da za a yi da lokacin da za a yi su. Waɗannan hormones suna daidaita ayyukan jikinmu daban-daban. Manyan gland a cikin tsarin endocrine ɗinmu sune:- Hypothalamus
- Ciwon Pituitary
- Glandar thyroid
- Ciwon parathyroid
- Glandan adrenal
- Pineal gland shine
- Pancreas
- Kwai (ovaries)
- Gwangwani (namiji)
To, mene ne ainihin ke faruwa da waɗannan glandon adrenal?
Glandan adrenal ƙananan gland ne guda biyu masu siffar triangular. Suna nan a saman kodanmu. Suna kama da ƙananan murfi a kan kodanmu. Suna samar da hormones da yawa waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga jikinmu. Waɗannan hormones suna sarrafa wasu muhimman ayyuka a jikinmu. Misali:- Tsarin narkewar abinci: Wannan shine yadda muke samar da kuzari daga abincin da muke ci da kuma yadda muke sarrafa shi.
- Tsarin garkuwar jiki : Tsarin da ke kare mu daga cututtuka.
- Hawan jini: NamuSarrafa hawan jini.
- Martani ga damuwa: Shirya jiki don magance damuwa idan muka fuskanci hakan, ko a hankali ko a zahiri.
- Ci gaban halayen jima'i.
Cortisol - 'Hormone na damuwa' na jikinmu!
Cortisol wani sinadari ne da ke cikin wani nau'in hormones da ake kira 'glucocorticoids'. Yana yin aiki mai yawa.- Yana sarrafa yadda ake amfani da kitse, furotin, da carbohydrates a jikinmu.
- Yana rage kumburi a jiki.
- Yana daidaita hawan jini.
- Yana ƙara yawan sukari a jini.
- Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen daidaita tsarin baccinmu da farkawa.
Aldosterone - aboki mai daidaita hawan jini da gishiri!
Aldosterone wani sinadari ne da ke cikin rukunin ma'adanai da ake kira mineralocorticoids. Babban aikinsa shine sarrafa hawan jini da kuma matakan sodium da potassium (electrolytes) a cikin jininmu. Wannan sinadari kuma yana taimakawa wajen daidaita pH na jininmu (yadda yake da acidic ko alkaline) ta hanyar daidaita matakan electrolytes a cikin jini.DHEA da Androgenic Steroids - Taimako kaɗan game da halayen jima'i!
Ana ɗaukar waɗannan hormones a matsayin masu rauni ga hormones na maza. Wato, ba su da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci a fannin halitta. Ana canza su zuwa hormones na mata (estrogens) a cikin kwai na mata da kuma hormones na maza (androgens) a cikin ƙwai na maza. Yawanci ana ɗaukar Androgens a matsayin hormones na maza, amma ƙananan adadi kuma ana samar da su ta halitta ta hanyar jiki.Adrenaline/Epinephrine da Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine - Hormones ɗin 'Yaƙi ko Gudu'!
Waɗannan hormones guda biyu an san su da hormones da ke cikin amsawar " faɗa ko gudu". Ana kuma kiran su catecholamines. Adrenaline da noradrenaline na iya:- Ƙara bugun zuciyarka da ƙarfin matsewar zuciyarka.
- Ƙara yawan jini da ke kwarara zuwa tsokoki da kwakwalwa.
- Taimakawa wajen daidaita metabolism na glucose.
- Waɗannan kuma suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa matsewar jijiyoyin jini (vasoconstriction), wanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye hawan jini.
Ana iya raba waɗannan hormones zuwa nau'i biyu, ko ba haka ba?
Eh, hormones da glandar adrenal ke samarwa za a iya raba su zuwa manyan rukuni biyu: 1. Catecholamines: Waɗannan rukuni ne na abubuwa iri ɗaya waɗanda jikinmu ke fitarwa zuwa jini don mayar da martani ga damuwa ta jiki ko ta hankali. Manyan catecholamines sune dopamine, adrenaline, da noradrenaline. Sashen ciki na glandar adrenal, medulla , yana samarwa da kuma fitar da adrenaline da noradrenaline. 2. Hormones na Steroid: Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa metabolism, kumburi, aikin garkuwar jiki, daidaiton gishiri da ruwa, haɓaka halayen jima'i, da kuma ikon tsayayya da cututtuka da rauni. Sashen waje na glandar adrenal, cortex , yana samarwa da kuma fitar da hormones na steroid da ake kira 'glucocorticoids', 'mineralocorticoids', da adrenal androgens.Shin glandar adrenal tana aiki su kaɗai? Shin ba su da alaƙa da sauran gabobi?
A'a, glandar adrenal ba ta aiki su kaɗai. Wasu sassa da dama na jikinmu suna aiki tare da su. Manyan sune:- Hypothalamus: Wannan ƙaramin ɓangare ne na kwakwalwa wanda ke da hannu a cikin daidaita hormones.
- Glandan Pituitary: Wannan kuma ƙaramin gland ne a gindin kwakwalwa, wanda kuma ake kira "master gland."
- Koda.
- Tsarin juyayi mai tausayi.
Ka yi tunanin, wannan kamar sassa daban-daban ne a cikin babban kamfani suna aiki tare. Sauran sassan suna aiki bisa ga saƙo da ke fitowa daga wani sashe. Komai yana faruwa ta hanyar da ta dace.
Shin mutum zai iya rayuwa ba tare da glandar adrenal ba?
Glandan adrenal suna samar da hormones waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don rayuwarmu. Hormones na jima'i da cortisol sune mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu. Duk da haka, ba kasafai ake samun wasu matsalolin glandar adrenal ba waɗanda ke buƙatar tiyata (adrenalectomy) don cire glandar adrenal guda biyu. A wannan yanayin, mutane za su sha magani don maye gurbin hormones da glandar adrenal ke samarwa har tsawon rayuwarsu.Ina glandar adrenal take? Menene sassanta?
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, kana da glandar adrenal guda biyu. Suna saman kodanka. Kodan suna ƙarƙashin haƙarƙarinka, a kowane gefen kashin baya. Idan ka yi la'akari da glandar adrenal, tana da manyan sassa biyu:Medulla - ɓangaren ciki
Wannan shine ɓangaren adrenal gland wanda ke cikin jiki. A nan ne ake fitar da hormones adrenaline (epinephrine) da noradrenaline (norepinephrine) . Waɗannan hormones suna sarrafa abubuwa kamar hawan jini, bugun zuciya, da gumi. Waɗannan su ne hanyoyin da tsarin juyayi mai tausayi ke sarrafawa.Cortex - ɓangaren waje
Wannan shine ɓangaren waje na glandar adrenal. Yana fitar da hormones 'corticosteroid' da 'mineralocorticoid'. Hakanan yana ƙarfafa samar da ƙananan adadin hormones na steroid na maza ('androgenic steroids') daga wannan cortex. Glandar adrenal yawanci tana da tsayi kusan rabin inci kuma tsawon inci uku. Suna da siffar zagaye zuwa uku.Wadanne cututtuka da cututtuka ne suka fi shafar glandar adrenal?
Akwai yanayi daban-daban da ke shafar glandar adrenal. Waɗannan suna faruwa ne sakamakon yawan samar da hormones ɗaya ko fiye da haka da yawa ko kuma ƙasa da haka. Wasu matsalolin glandar adrenal na ɗan lokaci ne, amma wasu kuma na yau da kullun ne (ma'ana suna ɗaukar tsawon rai).Me zai iya zama dalilan hakan?
Matsalolin glandar adrenal na iya faruwa ne sakamakon dalilai daban-daban. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:- Sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta ( canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halitta)
- Cututtukan garkuwar jiki (ma'ana garkuwar jiki tana kai hari ga sassanta)
- Ciwon daji, kamar pheochromocytomas.
- Lalacewa ga glandar adrenal sakamakon haɗari, kamuwa da cuta, ko zubar jini.
- Matsalar da ke tattare da hypothalamus ko pituitary gland (dukkanin su suna taimakawa wajen daidaita glandar adrenal).
- Wasu magungunan steroid, kamar prednisone da dexamethasone.
To menene waɗannan cututtuka?
Ga wasu yanayi da zasu iya shafar glandar adrenal:- Cutar Addison (wanda kuma aka sani da rashin isasshen adrenal na farko):Wannan cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta a jikin mutum ba, wadda ke sa glandar adrenal ta samar da karancin sinadarin cortisol da aldosterone.
- Ciwon Cushing: Wannan yanayi yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar adrenal ke samar da cortisol da yawa. Wannan yawanci yana iya faruwa ne sakamakon ƙari ko wasu magunguna.
- Ciwon adrenal da aka haifa: Wannan yanayi ne da ke faruwa a lokacin haihuwa. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da jiki ba shi da wani enzyme da glandar adrenal ke buƙata don samar da hormones.
- Hirsutism: Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne sakamakon yawan girman gashi a jikin mata. Yana faruwa ne sakamakon karuwar yawan androgens da glandar adrenal ke samarwa.
- Ciwon Conn: Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar adrenal ke samar da aldosterone da yawa.
- Babban zubar jini a cikin adrenal (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome): Wannan yanayi ne na kwatsam wanda glandar adrenal ke lalacewa saboda zubar jini a cikin glandar. Yawanci ana danganta shi da mummunan kamuwa da cuta da ake kira sepsis.
Mene ne alamun farko na matsalolin glandar adrenal?
Alamomin matsalolin glandar adrenal sun bambanta dangane da hormones ɗin da abin ya shafa . Haka kuma, yawancin alamomin cututtukan glandar adrenal na iya kama da alamun wasu cututtuka. Wasu daga cikin alamomin da ka iya alaƙa da tsarin jiki wanda hormones na adrenal ke sarrafawa sun haɗa da:- Alamomin Tasirin Abinci: Ƙara ko Rage Kiba Ba Tare Da Wani Bayani Ba, Gajiya, Yawan Yawan Sukari a Jini , Rauni.
- Alamomin da suka shafi garkuwar jiki: Rashin lafiya ko kamuwa da cuta akai-akai.
- Alamomin da ke da alaƙa da hawan jini: hawan jini (hauhawar jini) ko ƙarancin hawan jini (hauhawar jini) .
- Alamomin da suka shafi halayen jima'i (wanda ke shafar 'yan mata da samari waɗanda ba su kai shekarun yin balaga ba): girman gashin fuska da/ko gashin kai, kuraje, zurfafa murya, ci gaban tsoka.
Ta yaya zan duba lafiyar glandar adrenal dina?
Idan kana da alamun da ke nuna cewa kana da matsala da glandar adrenal ɗinka, likitanka zai iya yin gwaje-gwaje da dama na jini da fitsari waɗanda ke auna matakan hormones daban-daban na adrenal. Idan waɗannan sakamakon gwajin sun nuna matakan da ba su dace ba, likitanka zai iya yin gwaje-gwajen hoto , kamar CT scans (computed tomography scans) ko MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging). Likitanka na iya tura ka zuwa ga likitan zuciya.Haka kuma za a iya tura ka zuwa ga ƙwararre, likita wanda ya ƙware a cututtukan hormones da tsarin endocrine.Yaushe ya kamata in ga likita game da glandar adrenal dina? (A ƙarshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba!)
To, yanzu da muka yi magana game da shi, ya kamata ka fahimci muhimmancin glandar adrenal a jikinmu. Don haka, idan kana da ɗaya daga cikin alamomin da aka ambata a sama , kamar hawan jini, ƙarancin hawan jini, ko raguwar nauyi ko ƙaruwar da ba a bayyana ba, ya kamata ka ga likitanka . Duk da cewa akwai wasu dalilai na waɗannan alamomin, yana iya zama matsala ga glandar adrenal ɗinka.Ka tuna, glandar adrenal ɗinka tana samar da muhimman hormones da yawa waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga ayyukan jikinka na yau da kullun. Idan kana da alamun rashin aikin glandar adrenal, ko kuma idan kana son sanin ko kana da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalar glandar adrenal, kada ka yi jinkirin yin magana da likitanka. Suna nan don taimaka maka.To, yanzu kun san abubuwa da yawa game da waɗannan ƙananan glandon adrenal masu ƙarfi, ko ba haka ba? Ku kasance cikin koshin lafiya!
Glandan adrenal, hormones, cortisol, adrenaline, tsarin endocrine, damuwa, kodan
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