Bari mu koyi game da ƙananan sojoji a jikinku - lymphocytes.

Duk muna son mu kasance cikin koshin lafiya. Shin kun san cewa jikinmu yana da tsarin kariya mai ban mamaki wanda ke kare mu daga cututtuka? Lymphocytes suna da matukar muhimmanci ga wannan tsarin tsaro. A takaice dai, suna kama da ƙananan sojoji a jikinmu. Bari mu yi ɗan bayani game da waɗannan lymphocytes a yau.

Mene ne ainihin lymphocytes?

Lymphocytes wani nau'in ƙwayar halitta ne da ake kira fararen ƙwayoyin halitta. Haka ne, kun ji cewa akwai jajayen ƙwayoyin halitta da fararen ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin jini. Lymphocytes ƙungiya ce ta musamman ta fararen ƙwayoyin halitta. Babban aikinsu shine taimakawa tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Tsarin garkuwar jiki kamar rundunar tsaro ne a ƙasarmu. Wannan tsarin yana nan don kare mu daga maƙiya da ke fitowa daga waje (wato, daga ƙwayoyin cuta , ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da cututtuka).

Akwai manyan nau'ikan lymphocytes guda biyu:

• Kwayoyin T lymphocytes (ƙwayoyin T): Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke sarrafa martanin tsarin garkuwar jiki. Haka kuma suna iya gano ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cutar da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa sannan su kai hari kai tsaye su lalata su.
• B lymphocytes (ko ƙwayoyin B): Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke yin abubuwa da ake kira antibodies. Antibodies wani nau'in furotin ne. A takaice dai, waɗannan kamar makamai ne da aka ƙera musamman don gane da yaƙi da mamaya daga ƙasashen waje kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.

To, wace irin hidima waɗannan lymphocytes ke yi wa jikinmu?

Lymphocytes ba ƙwayoyin halitta kaɗan ba ne kawai. Suna yin babban aiki ga jikinmu.

Galibi, waɗannan lymphocytes suna taimakawa wajen yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da kuma yaƙi da antigens kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta daga waje.

Ba wai kawai ba, waɗannan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes suna da ƙwaƙwalwa mai ban mamaki. Suna tuna kowace kwayar halittar da suka haɗu da ita. Ka yi tunanin, idan kana da kyanda a lokacin yaro , za ka sake kamuwa da kyanda da wuya idan ka girma, ko ba haka ba? Haka ma yake ga ƙwarƙwara. Wannan saboda tunawa da waɗannan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes. Wasu ƙwayoyin lymphocytes, bayan sun haɗu da antigen, suna zama "ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa". Sannan, idan antigen iri ɗaya ya sake shigowa cikin jiki, waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna gane shi da sauri kuma suna amsawa da sauri. Shi ya sa ba ma kamuwa da wasu cututtuka sau biyu. Saboda wannan ƙa'ida ne za mu iya samun kariya daga wasu cututtuka ta hanyar yin allurar rigakafi.

Ta yaya ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B suke aiki?

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin T da ƙwayoyin B duka suna aiki tare, amma ayyukansu sun ɗan bambanta.

Matsayin ƙwayoyin T

Kwayoyin T galibi suna da alhakin lalata ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cutar da kuma sarrafa martanin jikinmu ga abubuwan da ba na waje ba. Duk da haka, yawancin ƙwayoyin T suna buƙatar taimakon wani ƙwayar rigakafi don yin aiki. Da zarar an kunna ƙwayoyin T, suna ninkawa (wato, suna ƙaruwa a girma) kuma suna ƙwarewa a cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin T daban-daban. Waɗannan nau'ikan sune:

• Kwayoyin T masu guba : Waɗannan kamar ƙarfi ne na musamman a fagen daga. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna manne da antigens akan ƙwayoyin da suka kamu ko waɗanda ba su da kyau. Sannan suna yin ramuka a cikin membrane na ƙwayoyin da suka kamu, suna allurar enzymes , sannan su kashe su.
• Kwayoyin T na Taimako: Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, waɗannan suna taimakawa wasu ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki. Wasu suna taimaka wa ƙwayoyin B su samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Wasu kuma suna taimakawa ƙwayoyin T masu guba su kunna su.
• Kwayoyin halittar T masu tsari: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna samar da abubuwa da ke taimakawa wajen kawo ƙarshen martanin tsarin garkuwar jiki. Wani lokaci, suna kuma taimakawa wajen hana jikinmu samun illa.

Aikin ƙwayoyin B

Kwayoyin B suna da masu karɓa na musamman a saman su waɗanda ke manne da antigens. Kwayoyin B suna koyon gane waɗannan antigens daban-daban kuma suna samar da takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi don kai hari ga kowannensu. Kwayoyin B suna amsawa ga antigens ta hanyoyi biyu:

• Babban martanin garkuwar jiki: Idan antigen ya haɗu da mai karɓa, ƙwayoyin B suna motsawa. Wasu ƙwayoyin B suna zama "ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa." Sauran ƙwayoyin B suna zama "ƙwayoyin plasma." Waɗannan ƙwayoyin plasma suna yin ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda suka keɓance ga antigen ɗin da aka ƙarfafa. Duk da haka, yana iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa kafin a samar da adadin ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ake buƙata.
• Amsar garkuwar jiki ta biyu: Ka yi tunanin abin da zai faru idan wannan antigen ɗin da ya zo a baya ya dawo cikin jiki. Sannan, waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna tunawa da shi. Suna ninka da sauri, suna zama ƙwayoyin plasma, kuma suna samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da sauri. Wannan kuma shine dalilin da yasa kake murmurewa da sauri lokacin da ka yi rashin lafiya a karo na biyu.

To, ina ne a jikinmu ake samar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes kuma ake samun su?

Ana samar da ƙwayoyin lymphocytes a cikin ƙashin ƙashinmu.Sannan, suna girma, ma'ana suna girma da kyau, kuma suna shiga cikin jini. Ana iya samun lymphocytes masu girma a cikin jininmu da kuma a dukkan sassan tsarin lymphatic .

Wasu ƙwayoyin lymphocytes suna zuwa wani wuri da ake kira glandar thymus ɗinmu. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes suna zama ƙwayoyin T. Sauran ƙwayoyin lymphocytes suna zuwa ga ƙwayoyin lymph ɗinmu da sauran gabobinmu. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke zama ƙwayoyin B.

Menene lymphocytes suke kama?

Lymphocytes ƙwayoyin halitta ne waɗanda suka ɗan fi jajayen ƙwayoyin halitta girma. Duk da haka, sun yi ƙanƙanta da ba za a iya gani ba a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. Kowace lymphocytes tana da babban tsakiya a tsakiya. Wannan tsakiya shunayya ne mai duhu. Sinadarin da ke kewaye da shi, wanda ake kira cytoplasm , shunayya ne mai haske.

Menene adadin lymphocytes na yau da kullun?

Adadin lymphocytes a jikinmu na iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Ya danganta da abubuwa kamar shekaru, launin fata, jinsi, tsayi, da kuma salon rayuwarmu.

• A cikin babba, yawanci akwai tsakanin lymphocytes 1,000 zuwa 4,800 a kowace microlita na jini.
• Ga ƙananan yara, wannan adadin ya ɗan fi girma. Suna iya samun lymphocytes tsakanin 3,000 zuwa 9,500 a kowace ƙaramin lita na jini.

Kwayoyin halittar jini (Lymphocytes) yawanci suna samar da tsakanin kashi 20% zuwa 40% na jimillar ƙwayoyin jinin farin da ke jikinmu.

Me zai faru idan adadin lymphocytes ya yi yawa?

Idan adadin lymphocytes a cikin jini ya fi yadda aka saba, muna kiransa lymphocytosis . Wannan yakan faru ne saboda kamuwa da cuta ko rashin lafiya. Jikinmu wani lokacin yana samar da ƙarin lymphocytes don taimakawa wajen yaƙi da cututtuka.

Duk da haka, wasu mawuyacin yanayi na iya haifar da ƙaruwar adadin lymphocytes. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan yanayi sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon hanta
• Syphilis
• Mononucleosis
• Tarin fuka
• HIV da AIDS
• Ciwon thyroid
• Cututtuka kamar su tari mai tsanani, toxoplasmosis, ko cytomegalovirus
• Ciwon daji na jini kamar su lymphoma ko cutar sankarar bargo

Me zai faru idan adadin lymphocytes ya yi ƙasa?

Idan adadin lymphocytes a cikin jini ya yi ƙasa da yadda aka saba, muna kiransa lymphocytopenia ko lymphopenia . Wannan na iya faruwa ne saboda mura ko wani ƙaramin kamuwa da cuta. Duk da haka, rashin lafiya ko yanayi mafi tsanani na iya haifar da raguwar adadin lymphocytes. Ga wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan:

• HIV ko AIDS
• Ciwon Tarin Fuka ko Typhoid
• Ciwon hanta mai ƙwayar cuta (Viral Hepatitis)
• Cututtukan jini kamar cutar Hodgkin
• Cututtukan autoimmune kamar lupus
• Cututtukan gado marasa galihu kamar Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), Ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge syndrome, da kuma Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Jiyya kamar radiation ko chemotherapy

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ne ke tantance ko matakan lymphocytes dina suna da lafiya?

Akwai gwaje-gwajen jini da dama da za su iya tantance adadin lymphocytes a cikin jininka. Manyan su ne:

• Adadin Lymphocyte Mai Cikakke: Wannan wani ɓangare ne na gwajin ƙidayar jini na yau da kullun (CBC). Yana auna adadin lymphocytes a cikin jininka a matsayin cikakken lamba, ba a matsayin kashi ba.
• Tsarin kwararar jini: Wannan gwaji ne da ake yi a wani dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman. Ana narkar da samfurin jininka a cikin ruwa sannan a wuce ta na'urar laser da ake kira flow cytometer. Hasken laser yana sa ƙwayoyin jininka su watse cikin tsari. Tsarin yana ba da damar ganin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban a sarari da kuma ƙididdige su.

Mene ne alamun da ake yawan samu na yanayin da ke da alaƙa da lymphocytes?

A mafi yawan lokuta, babu takamaiman alamun cutar lymphocytosis (ƙaruwar lymphocytes) ko lymphocytopenia (raguwar lymphocytes). Duk da haka, idan adadin lymphocytes ya ƙaru saboda cutar jini ko ciwon daji, alamun da ke da alaƙa da wannan cutar na iya bayyana. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan alamun sun haɗa da:

• Kumburin lymph da ke kumbura
• Gumi na dare
• Zazzaɓi
• Ciwon ciki
• Rashin ci
• Rashin numfashi

A ƙarshe, mafi mahimmancin abin da kuke buƙatar tunawa!

Lymphocytes wani nau'in farin jini ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci a jikinmu. Su ne babban ɓangaren garkuwar jikinmu kuma suna kare mu daga cututtuka. Gwajin jini mai sauƙi zai iya gaya muku adadin lymphocytes da kuke da su.

Zai iya zama ɗan tsoro a gano ko lymphocytes ɗinka sun yi yawa ko ƙasa da yadda aka saba. Amma a mafi yawan lokuta, canjin adadin lymphocytes ɗinka na iya nufin cewa jikinka yana yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta. Don haka kada ka damu ba tare da wata matsala ba.

Idan kana da wata shakka ko tambayoyi game da wannan, mafi kyawun abin da za ka yi shi ne ka ga likitanka ka yi magana a kai. Likitanka zai iya gano ainihin dalilin kuma ya yi abin da ya dace don dawo da kai yadda kake so.